tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20738385200972587892024-03-18T20:18:48.715-04:00Landmarks"Destroy not the ancient landmarks that thy fathers have set up." (Proverbs 22:28)Allen Brownehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02871983840550191787noreply@blogger.comBlogger141125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2073838520097258789.post-50244245052482344022024-01-06T08:04:00.007-05:002024-01-06T08:47:16.749-05:00Ashes to Answers<blockquote><p></p><div style="text-align: center;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_2ToNtl8AGa0528B363UyVA6Hf6vzMnyaWHT33I_lFEFsO70MzMuVJ8NeNFWDMHLFer7FW08b92FxQA-K-UV53bhU-xMgOy-isKqaevd4MJHWGAq0-ehSzFVT_TT6C6MuUOt1KuKprrBqMKXShJjiErlsSn3KpnNjNVOaaer_Ht0th2yKYfhK89GMz2Ng/w480-h640/IMG_3497-1.jpg" width="480" /></div><span></span><div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-size: medium;">National Fire Dog Monument</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span><a name='more'></a></span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgWFeVICWt8u1gyuGB0BuE15D7y5Ip1gLcpqwjQzgaww5rT3qceM7ApXLz76chq6zgYDPmCa8_eLABLKCbWsP3c5SeW_I48IXj_FSqBl3TmIJqLa_uBTLrQV4cr8BCCeJhHvLi00ayBDrdJHKkZnprhcCxzm2w9u1xxik4mTxEIpfGl6VAxDt3I9lYEbG4j/s2947/IMG_3495-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2947" data-original-width="2210" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgWFeVICWt8u1gyuGB0BuE15D7y5Ip1gLcpqwjQzgaww5rT3qceM7ApXLz76chq6zgYDPmCa8_eLABLKCbWsP3c5SeW_I48IXj_FSqBl3TmIJqLa_uBTLrQV4cr8BCCeJhHvLi00ayBDrdJHKkZnprhcCxzm2w9u1xxik4mTxEIpfGl6VAxDt3I9lYEbG4j/w300-h400/IMG_3495-1.jpg" width="300" /></a></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div>This 2013 monument to Arson Investigation dogs, by then 22-year old sculptorAustin Weishel stands in front of the fire station at 5th and F Streets NW Washington DC.</div></blockquote><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1AWV8NPlwZCuZnVcAuUoC8CqTOTluHzdRSGNKjNlaTLUm50BvbIrKOZitSzZnmCF9opCIN-90ytMSypi5QPp8WlXvgFPDTFVzagoShdBkiu4Nbnrd-BF2aiDaCNEY3geYnnHCSbvAXVypme0z_d3ZjU_OEiR8vEkRRBBD3eh99zKYOxO5QRIDZI5a_6nu/s3264/IMG_3494-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2448" data-original-width="3264" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1AWV8NPlwZCuZnVcAuUoC8CqTOTluHzdRSGNKjNlaTLUm50BvbIrKOZitSzZnmCF9opCIN-90ytMSypi5QPp8WlXvgFPDTFVzagoShdBkiu4Nbnrd-BF2aiDaCNEY3geYnnHCSbvAXVypme0z_d3ZjU_OEiR8vEkRRBBD3eh99zKYOxO5QRIDZI5a_6nu/w400-h300/IMG_3494-1.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><blockquote><blockquote><div style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: medium;">"Ashes To Answers"</span></b></div><div style="text-align: center;">Sculpted by</div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Austin Weishel</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;">National Fire Dog Monument</span></div><br />The national firedog monument was created to honor certified accelerant detection K-9 teams for their service to the communities where they serve. These K-9 teams are committed to responding to extremely hazardous incidents to reduce the negative impact of arson in their communities. Their search for evidence to reflect the truth, and dedication to the safety of the citizens they serve is what they live for. The unparallel bond between the working dog and their partner is the key to their proven success. Many of the K-9’s selected for this elite program are rescued from environments where their value was minimized. These working dogs remind us that all animals have incredible value and when given and opportunity can possess unlimited potential.</blockquote></blockquote><div style="text-align: center;">"It all started with K-9 Erin"</div><div style="text-align: right;">J. Means-2013</div><div style="text-align: left;">Austin Weishel's signature is on the fireman's boot.</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh5-6RRfzbLyYVjWt8_rQiDASyECAFWfPxFMrdIfX6QTkhIugZMu8vbCkOLlYK37uu0AhuOm3d0j-NujnsvH8p4tphLgg_4-g2YDbYffMWIlUv30UNM4LXm9JCnZgtIx2nuSdRsZr1Ooal0tOiYYzuFfH_uSyhTYNboWemo0tZs6c7A6ehrJGw-xX31Srk4/s3008/IMG_3520-1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3008" data-original-width="2256" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh5-6RRfzbLyYVjWt8_rQiDASyECAFWfPxFMrdIfX6QTkhIugZMu8vbCkOLlYK37uu0AhuOm3d0j-NujnsvH8p4tphLgg_4-g2YDbYffMWIlUv30UNM4LXm9JCnZgtIx2nuSdRsZr1Ooal0tOiYYzuFfH_uSyhTYNboWemo0tZs6c7A6ehrJGw-xX31Srk4/w480-h640/IMG_3520-1.jpg" width="480" /></a></div><br /> The monument is in front of Engine Co 2, Rescue Squad 1...</div><div style="text-align: right;"><br /></div><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjC2O5KSf-4sQ6cVfjaBRiwK55n143FSX9WSPm4nu8DGbgu0DNHfiTWqnsKxej1aEuaa_mWRa34TZ4kXhjNiVIpwTDnKG4Wy_mzTspSPsOcZWPibtOJo4f7CJyDhJXrF_R40U14KNhEi6-NONxEdrdMWW-BdR-eJ4KkiwCJ-8feu8BhQVfjzYwxcJBQhEa2/s3264/IMG_3503.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2448" data-original-width="3264" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjC2O5KSf-4sQ6cVfjaBRiwK55n143FSX9WSPm4nu8DGbgu0DNHfiTWqnsKxej1aEuaa_mWRa34TZ4kXhjNiVIpwTDnKG4Wy_mzTspSPsOcZWPibtOJo4f7CJyDhJXrF_R40U14KNhEi6-NONxEdrdMWW-BdR-eJ4KkiwCJ-8feu8BhQVfjzYwxcJBQhEa2/w400-h300/IMG_3503.JPG" width="400" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;">Engine Co. 2</div></div><div><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/p/Dcfd-Rescue-1-100064865613322/" target="_blank">Rescue Squad 1</a></div><div style="text-align: left;">Right across from the Building Museum.</div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_zy9Zs1wBm7r29K5xm3IYUqHU2YU6bmRylDdZh24Bp_yvYgWma3ntI77ZWKQIT9-1aT2SAE4BsdhZ7pZ9-oaTDWDVYVcdbEy6Gq5YYebImPiw2BxZ7H57Yv9KOcVXslHUGOfQHTv8F2pUtK6bl6odqa1NcRjLeRRBy0VRVbnqM2JoLmitYrPy2pEWYlqx/s3000/IMG_3506-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2250" data-original-width="3000" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_zy9Zs1wBm7r29K5xm3IYUqHU2YU6bmRylDdZh24Bp_yvYgWma3ntI77ZWKQIT9-1aT2SAE4BsdhZ7pZ9-oaTDWDVYVcdbEy6Gq5YYebImPiw2BxZ7H57Yv9KOcVXslHUGOfQHTv8F2pUtK6bl6odqa1NcRjLeRRBy0VRVbnqM2JoLmitYrPy2pEWYlqx/w640-h480/IMG_3506-1.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">The dog statue is modelled on K-9 Agent Sadie of the Colorado Bureau of Investigation (CBI). Heather Paul took this photo of Sadie running in the Pacific surf.</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgKY1tifGAN6kVDyqak_m43ItuiVzN4qE53NYx-jBP6T_aVM0_C2lZ_t_hTXMjDyhSIRAuTTGMUT2geK8bQkTEh7xpUEAzVZKSbOwVuh6SNpIZVoiQgnRl4ZjWul9DJ5PoUBngfmgNKaN3F2nuELpU28a8C_a4yPl8usR_vpTQyxfM-9-twBii-a7a4fuk2/s2496/9895648014_ef1c425918_o.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1880" data-original-width="2496" height="482" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgKY1tifGAN6kVDyqak_m43ItuiVzN4qE53NYx-jBP6T_aVM0_C2lZ_t_hTXMjDyhSIRAuTTGMUT2geK8bQkTEh7xpUEAzVZKSbOwVuh6SNpIZVoiQgnRl4ZjWul9DJ5PoUBngfmgNKaN3F2nuELpU28a8C_a4yPl8usR_vpTQyxfM-9-twBii-a7a4fuk2/w640-h482/9895648014_ef1c425918_o.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/warriorwoman531/9895648014" target="_blank">Photo by Heather Paul</a></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><span style="font-size: medium;">Sadie is wearing a dog tag as in the statue. </span></div><div><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1DjW-XiK9CbpPl_rfaDnWiQAYVfK6xu3FP7TkC_2EueG0wH96OE2wn8ImdJpb6GKKNmAKEbyOixIbS2miOvamK8Uim2oi-FPI8rZr3WIv2qaPGuZCJ4EdJU3AVjKrVQhn6ujxjlo1nISqbE1FYjforF_KQR0wPWtgqBxH2UTpuRZAddA0CufRgzc3oBow/s3264/IMG_3499-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3264" data-original-width="2448" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1DjW-XiK9CbpPl_rfaDnWiQAYVfK6xu3FP7TkC_2EueG0wH96OE2wn8ImdJpb6GKKNmAKEbyOixIbS2miOvamK8Uim2oi-FPI8rZr3WIv2qaPGuZCJ4EdJU3AVjKrVQhn6ujxjlo1nISqbE1FYjforF_KQR0wPWtgqBxH2UTpuRZAddA0CufRgzc3oBow/w480-h640/IMG_3499-1.jpg" width="480" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;">Arson K-9</div><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-size: medium;">and a harness identifying her as a Fire K-9 and a Certified Arson Investigation K-9. </span></div><div><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhCPwU3Lb_zeYoobogulWVeW6BzUBhAcnCQKtEq0KKcjvDCS7B5vd0Lv-mTe2MVXXotc3RzmvbJglh-6h8OFmaRPJw7yzOfI5__cYJUluSRhjTCP_NXGYAIaO9zBfSZkjLG5lEGcz9BRDltaDeqq5Ij4lwyO9TmhgsftQF0XeGljMID0dQeiqbyxYCe3sK7/s3264/IMG_3510-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3264" data-original-width="2448" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhCPwU3Lb_zeYoobogulWVeW6BzUBhAcnCQKtEq0KKcjvDCS7B5vd0Lv-mTe2MVXXotc3RzmvbJglh-6h8OFmaRPJw7yzOfI5__cYJUluSRhjTCP_NXGYAIaO9zBfSZkjLG5lEGcz9BRDltaDeqq5Ij4lwyO9TmhgsftQF0XeGljMID0dQeiqbyxYCe3sK7/w480-h640/IMG_3510-1.jpg" width="480" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div>Sadie was the 2011 Arson Dog of the Year. When Sadie died in 2020 at age 141/2, this photo of Sadie and her handler Jerry Means appeared in her <a href="https://www.facebook.com/BrightonFireRescue/posts/pfbid0T7Nd71kee5HHFN7Wi13Hnt1hpY7Kv7A8bZD2cJxzsK7bYuVvRrPQTPJhMjYHDkfAl?__cft__%5b0%5d=AZVK9EOCTqMdsY6vZrxLgJRjvq7kfd18fTJlNDS6Mn3QrgxhDLSCVzMdrbh0aKQnvGVJEKmypP5X2YxjMqTcqudY2nKV8rz6mBPIezFw9aJ3HfiUerftvOYm4lm_XnsBGmpmqOntfj3QBb7OHeOMuFE7Ho6TnLEkJKUb42RvX72j9A&__tn__=%2CO%2CP-R">obituary on Facebook</a>.</div><div><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgrGXCB_xFEYIIBsw4aizhwSDGRhyE9bibz99uZvH7iIAyAuLkMQeEHsb6Von6MwKedPSHhqHwGTj2oIe0eUnsTQFQm9UYfkfhjjx1hWLxAU8lwKbY6d8JCRRPFGYOQOqqlSVcBryfIUGMN-OFv5LkmAyFoRsGD3m9zXis8_CNWWwc2CKXXEp9XrDY5uhvb/s600/98366422_3731034786923046_6559882204640444416_n.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="470" data-original-width="600" height="502" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgrGXCB_xFEYIIBsw4aizhwSDGRhyE9bibz99uZvH7iIAyAuLkMQeEHsb6Von6MwKedPSHhqHwGTj2oIe0eUnsTQFQm9UYfkfhjjx1hWLxAU8lwKbY6d8JCRRPFGYOQOqqlSVcBryfIUGMN-OFv5LkmAyFoRsGD3m9zXis8_CNWWwc2CKXXEp9XrDY5uhvb/w640-h502/98366422_3731034786923046_6559882204640444416_n.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div>Allen Brownehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02871983840550191787noreply@blogger.com02 F St NW, Washington, DC 20001, USA38.8971878 -77.009421310.586953963821152 -112.1656713 67.20742163617885 -41.8531713tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2073838520097258789.post-29276825073322277052023-06-23T11:54:00.014-04:002024-01-23T08:38:00.728-05:00Victory — The First Division A.E.F. Monument<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLNDzkUGREUx5B-A7ndwfannfyq_87bpS1cz63IcXaU7XSU058fSKFhPSPX0YDq_AItVIRw5IVuuafUukEq04G8cG7EJc9Zpp410rzy2OmiGrsSQryzIpfuM06BB6U2IrQhnaJghn7sm0IcIvjPjYIow_ElKaAWIkhBIdnT4cjoxcFwaGQMRLWUda8zSor/s3527/P4020243-2.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3527" data-original-width="2645" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLNDzkUGREUx5B-A7ndwfannfyq_87bpS1cz63IcXaU7XSU058fSKFhPSPX0YDq_AItVIRw5IVuuafUukEq04G8cG7EJc9Zpp410rzy2OmiGrsSQryzIpfuM06BB6U2IrQhnaJghn7sm0IcIvjPjYIow_ElKaAWIkhBIdnT4cjoxcFwaGQMRLWUda8zSor/w480-h640/P4020243-2.jpg" width="480" /></a></div><span><a name='more'></a></span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjLTSo-MQB32_oT89BIxfiLVGHXo1eHUuqezt9TNv8CtFOJXgPVQmtTQ1tKZy56GPQovKL-mSZ8tiOOSjqNGB2OLgSP3U15egZx6i1udOMNsS6fXxtdI3PPyUQxdlEbgn8LbX9K8cKJ_M2sJywKZxhQrJFK4xa42Q4wDgEi9cK7-8UKQX_HPldGP3KE-Mqx/s3752/P4020241-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3752" data-original-width="2814" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjLTSo-MQB32_oT89BIxfiLVGHXo1eHUuqezt9TNv8CtFOJXgPVQmtTQ1tKZy56GPQovKL-mSZ8tiOOSjqNGB2OLgSP3U15egZx6i1udOMNsS6fXxtdI3PPyUQxdlEbgn8LbX9K8cKJ_M2sJywKZxhQrJFK4xa42Q4wDgEi9cK7-8UKQX_HPldGP3KE-Mqx/w480-h640/P4020241-1.jpg" width="480" /></a></div><br />Victory by Daniel Chester French is hard to see 80 feet in the air atop her marble column on top of a pedestal behind the Old Executive Office Building. <p></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgb45DcHmrF_wZCdZqNGSyvVIPKzzaP1aSlz2AMxoX0RIniLZz-FKGkKRb-NaWQ4F9ef_FdHXgcdoTQNONMF2sWZ8WWcDY4gLkahCyYjc61oFLCoKD1FxfTcJ96CfC5bRMRWf8xq-udYoWtWfvmxrm6gj8HgdvrF-ALYSOe9iFBg4fI6GIOsI29HSzZDUiv/s3656/P4020366-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3656" data-original-width="2742" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgb45DcHmrF_wZCdZqNGSyvVIPKzzaP1aSlz2AMxoX0RIniLZz-FKGkKRb-NaWQ4F9ef_FdHXgcdoTQNONMF2sWZ8WWcDY4gLkahCyYjc61oFLCoKD1FxfTcJ96CfC5bRMRWf8xq-udYoWtWfvmxrm6gj8HgdvrF-ALYSOe9iFBg4fI6GIOsI29HSzZDUiv/w480-h640/P4020366-1.jpg" width="480" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgncFs_5VHFtfShTpjVqbCqUyb-tnPdD6V62ivFbi0hkLBQ7dekuBrxB6mLWnbHAQuCNPMyjzgtVYZLp0NhFq_MLf3m1F7wTRW-P-hsTVLgR34V7lxauhGqLlb4uRXgTyNud8xNxJagBEawG46Xidv608w92QAnSv9Rjvbb_pq3CcSwG4fN7YvKTNjUdjcv/s3581/P4020247-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3581" data-original-width="2686" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgncFs_5VHFtfShTpjVqbCqUyb-tnPdD6V62ivFbi0hkLBQ7dekuBrxB6mLWnbHAQuCNPMyjzgtVYZLp0NhFq_MLf3m1F7wTRW-P-hsTVLgR34V7lxauhGqLlb4uRXgTyNud8xNxJagBEawG46Xidv608w92QAnSv9Rjvbb_pq3CcSwG4fN7YvKTNjUdjcv/w480-h640/P4020247-1.jpg" width="480" /></a></div><div><br /></div>The monument was erected in 1924 to honor the First Division of the American Expeditionary Force and their role in the First World War. <div><br /></div><div>If we could see Victory up-close perhaps the most striking thing about her would be her armor breast-plates; they have their own nipples. The breast-plates simultaneously cover and reveal Victory's breasts. </div><div> </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiFVJ3Pss3gqIAdN_HehM2CGbvKLplJcYvjVbVospcMgGTxcgupQScFBoeHSppKbugDThlQI3-cCOJZX7phN0_NakzY8hAeLy8_n-SjyEdaHsLTs4hmCBc1HuvBct_kZX9JYhFFSSLUjSU-1CXyfBbWOiFOMPohvma7kQqXgRFEOTsEZ0RjKvr9UQi4G2Yi/s885/P4020366-2.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="664" data-original-width="885" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiFVJ3Pss3gqIAdN_HehM2CGbvKLplJcYvjVbVospcMgGTxcgupQScFBoeHSppKbugDThlQI3-cCOJZX7phN0_NakzY8hAeLy8_n-SjyEdaHsLTs4hmCBc1HuvBct_kZX9JYhFFSSLUjSU-1CXyfBbWOiFOMPohvma7kQqXgRFEOTsEZ0RjKvr9UQi4G2Yi/w400-h300/P4020366-2.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div><br /></div><div>Major General Summerall, who as leader of the The Society of the First Division had spearheaded the drive for a First Division monument, noticed this and other details on <a href="https://americanart.si.edu/artwork/winged-victory-8639" target="_blank">French's model for the statue</a> and objected that it was “too voluptuous and not sufficiently spiritual.” <a href="https://www.proquest.com/docview/409507935" target="_blank">Paul Richard described her in the <u>Washington Post</u></a> in 2003: "She wears a plumed helmet, a see-through gown and a breastplate so bold that seen from far below she looks topless.” As <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GOmRDwAAQBAJ&lpg=PP1&pg=PA262#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank">Thomas Brown wrote in 2019</a>:</div><div><blockquote>He [Summerall] complained that the figure was “too voluptuous and not sufficiently spiritual.” She thrust her hips forward too suggestively; the bare arms and scantily clad legs “suggest material rather than spiritual emotions”; and “the breast plates emphasize the development in a way that is most beautiful but that in my judgment is not of the highly spiritual type desired.” The depiction challenged Summerall's vision "of spiritual exaltation, of sacrifice glorified by renunciation, of pride, and of reward," but he eventually acquiesced.</blockquote><p>Various inscriptions explain the monument. On the base of the column on the north side, we find a quotation from General Orders 201, issued by General Pershing on November 10, 1918.</p><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-SRbG34jPXVhdMl5YDEoQF3DIONfI-CeVOHg5HXaXrYfQY87OMLYKBZMTxXXa3k8x3fDAQqrRR_Fez0du9ShGtQ2tuBAxWy79MUab7oelcZzZknm0P9l_yzuuaLf_MjhQvqqkphoRNoxrpR1d_qTH98_x1xlpSFNC6j2nGlu54Lxvlao1-gAoiKEX-XQd/s3659/P4020455-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2744" data-original-width="3659" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-SRbG34jPXVhdMl5YDEoQF3DIONfI-CeVOHg5HXaXrYfQY87OMLYKBZMTxXXa3k8x3fDAQqrRR_Fez0du9ShGtQ2tuBAxWy79MUab7oelcZzZknm0P9l_yzuuaLf_MjhQvqqkphoRNoxrpR1d_qTH98_x1xlpSFNC6j2nGlu54Lxvlao1-gAoiKEX-XQd/w400-h300/P4020455-1.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;">The Commander in Chief</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;">had noted in this Division</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;">a special pride of service</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;">and a high state of morale</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;">never broken by hardship</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;">nor battle. G.O.210-AEF-1918</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><a href="http://landmarks.allenbrowne.info/FirstDivisionMonument/GeneralOrders-201/" target="_blank">See G.O. 201</a>. </div><p> On the east and west sides, we find lists of battles in which the 1st Division fought.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEggTF6ZHrDoxmMqHaulnfakHvYolfxbRNrByxXgItXncym07GQZM4thh6lBT8HVGljCubQlxU6QhcgZA3DyEV9TF-UoUUDIR66tik8RZEonY-SOlyUq4Kw1Y2Z_NUmK9Vj6afEKlzLtdmiXslxler4bR4PvsI7GLx8ZOcM6nwWfFNYb1x9iXMB8XpXaEWgK/s3577/P4020441-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2683" data-original-width="3577" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEggTF6ZHrDoxmMqHaulnfakHvYolfxbRNrByxXgItXncym07GQZM4thh6lBT8HVGljCubQlxU6QhcgZA3DyEV9TF-UoUUDIR66tik8RZEonY-SOlyUq4Kw1Y2Z_NUmK9Vj6afEKlzLtdmiXslxler4bR4PvsI7GLx8ZOcM6nwWfFNYb1x9iXMB8XpXaEWgK/w400-h300/P4020441-1.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><span style="font-size: large;"><div style="text-align: center;">Salzerais</div><div style="text-align: center;">Aug. 3-24, 1918</div><div style="text-align: center;">Ansauville</div><div style="text-align: center;">Sept. 2-11, 1918</div><div style="text-align: center;">St. Mihiel</div><div style="text-align: center;">Sept. 12-16, 1918</div><div style="text-align: center;">Meuse-Argonne</div><div style="text-align: center;">Sept. 30-Oct. 12-Oct. 26-Nov. 11, 1918</div><div style="text-align: center;">Mouzon-Sedan Operation</div><div style="text-align: center;">Nov. 5-7, 1918</div><div style="text-align: center;">Coblenz Bridgehead</div><div style="text-align: center;">Dec. 13, 1918 Aug. 21, 1919</div></span></div><div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjonqA3GrFDnVQNPTqRtgJ73qS7AaTnikha6u133BLAJsAUw73L8iSleK70RS2ZZ5c05nyVUBuH3QyUEo3AeGZW8B_Nj0rCWW8mOs_ajZxpVwpY7_iJ6FyzuSuE_h8l3VyBwIaN3xjH2MQffzNOyK-8-Q1ESv5pg5nmTGdnpsaBm5xymuiI1yi4dGtiEAjz/s3672/P4020470-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3672" data-original-width="2754" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjonqA3GrFDnVQNPTqRtgJ73qS7AaTnikha6u133BLAJsAUw73L8iSleK70RS2ZZ5c05nyVUBuH3QyUEo3AeGZW8B_Nj0rCWW8mOs_ajZxpVwpY7_iJ6FyzuSuE_h8l3VyBwIaN3xjH2MQffzNOyK-8-Q1ESv5pg5nmTGdnpsaBm5xymuiI1yi4dGtiEAjz/w480-h640/P4020470-1.jpg" width="480" /></a></div><span style="font-size: large;"><div style="text-align: center;">Sommerviller</div><div style="text-align: center;">Oct. 20-Nov. 20, 1917</div><div style="text-align: center;">Ansauville</div><div style="text-align: center;">Jan. 16-April 3, 1918</div><div style="text-align: center;">Cantigny</div><div style="text-align: center;">April 19-June 8, 1918</div><div style="text-align: center;">Montdidier-Noyon</div><div style="text-align: center;">June 9-13, 1918</div><div style="text-align: center;">Cantigny</div><div style="text-align: center;">June 14-July 8, 1918</div><div style="text-align: center;">Soissons-Aisne-Marne</div><div style="text-align: center;">July 18-23, 1918</div></span><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">And on the south side above the names-plaque we find this dedication.</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjH-IJlcsMkwg9Ms_BNBUMBGD6oVkK0C_wLdUYjmq2RS0NTk1LdfaoPN-MFCaKIxuwBJl3FMaHy6eprM56UyNY9cqFfhk1e1X8UDIzj6HR6jiKYm4nzajpk8x6_EzFYquA0uMa2aL7PdKSdC9K9Vz8ozi3PiOtgIMQxRIytnmkqVFyVFk5SduzSbTY_3bC-/s3905/P4020411-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3905" data-original-width="2874" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjH-IJlcsMkwg9Ms_BNBUMBGD6oVkK0C_wLdUYjmq2RS0NTk1LdfaoPN-MFCaKIxuwBJl3FMaHy6eprM56UyNY9cqFfhk1e1X8UDIzj6HR6jiKYm4nzajpk8x6_EzFYquA0uMa2aL7PdKSdC9K9Vz8ozi3PiOtgIMQxRIytnmkqVFyVFk5SduzSbTY_3bC-/w472-h640/P4020411-1.jpg" width="472" /></a></div><div style="text-align: left;"></div><span style="font-size: large;"><div style="text-align: center;">Erected by the Memorial</div><div style="text-align: center;">Association of the First</div><div style="text-align: center;">Division and patriotic</div><div style="text-align: center;">friends to the memory of</div><div style="text-align: center;">the dead of the division'</div><div style="text-align: center;">who gave their lives</div><div style="text-align: center;">in the World War that</div><div style="text-align: center;">the liberty and the</div><div style="text-align: center;">ideals of our country</div><div style="text-align: center;">might endure.</div></span><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">On the plinth below, we find a bronze plaque with a list of 5,516 (or maybe 5,599 —The president said “nearly 5,000”—) names of the dead memorialized by this monument.</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi72PDRZ2tq6ViQkprryBePazocrBLDkU5Z74DkcEpZsBFZ3Cs6dwe4EQCAUiUJqnQ1tAHWNtUS9owHazarRFTofOKaf4Z_6ZpFQnP5kriNqqsdz49gek1mgJGkhSXwa9DrLxhzf2Bi-lDwWO5kIi5tnhjrVs3A81rM3_vM-CjULv0QnSpNCO8mX4E1xdta/s4000/P4020566-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="4000" data-original-width="3000" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi72PDRZ2tq6ViQkprryBePazocrBLDkU5Z74DkcEpZsBFZ3Cs6dwe4EQCAUiUJqnQ1tAHWNtUS9owHazarRFTofOKaf4Z_6ZpFQnP5kriNqqsdz49gek1mgJGkhSXwa9DrLxhzf2Bi-lDwWO5kIi5tnhjrVs3A81rM3_vM-CjULv0QnSpNCO8mX4E1xdta/w480-h640/P4020566-1.jpg" width="480" /></a></div><br /> Further down the steps the names of units of the 1st Division are carved in granite.</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjV_LmyOurG7tI3bqlfQTyZOiYpWq0xxLlwtU8PCSowknAk1HfCF1ZBOKvFwS1V26ycN9g_RuWLAfSLQicQISMUpqSOjGF40gDGBmM4rGPYyhT5o2Xxyny4tm3b2NS9GGUy6D2BhvDRtVFpXav0fx4i85jvDmFXLGq5JjD0cpljk_8KnpCr29lB0QivPDqy/s3362/P4020459-2.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3362" data-original-width="2520" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjV_LmyOurG7tI3bqlfQTyZOiYpWq0xxLlwtU8PCSowknAk1HfCF1ZBOKvFwS1V26ycN9g_RuWLAfSLQicQISMUpqSOjGF40gDGBmM4rGPYyhT5o2Xxyny4tm3b2NS9GGUy6D2BhvDRtVFpXav0fx4i85jvDmFXLGq5JjD0cpljk_8KnpCr29lB0QivPDqy/w480-h640/P4020459-2.jpg" width="480" /></a></div><div style="text-align: left;"><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;">Division Headquarters</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;">Headquarter Troop</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;">1st Infantry Brigade</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;">Brigade Headquarters</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;">16th Infantry</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;">18th Infantry</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;">2nd Machine Gun Battalion</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;">2nd Infantry Brigade</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;">Brigade Headquarters</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;">26th Infantry</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;">28th Infantry</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;">3rd Machine Gun Battalion</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;">1st Field Artillery Brigade</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;">Brigade Headquarters</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;">5th Field Artillery</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;">6th Field Artillery</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;">7th Field Artillery</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;">1st Trench Mortar Battery</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;">1st Machine Gun Battalion</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;">2nd Field Signal Battalion</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiVDbypdOiaqlQs7I5UlzHH-I6HHwGbQsV09fW_IIjzUrIqFqu8CukGcUsK2QpoGPPgoR7qxxpjdHN5SfIgyfRkj5es8oGQUdlNNbbAxPhxNroxhceoYYnGYZJEJ_uxj5AdYI-XqfdyFV09t3P-GsP8YudOZaTyM2EI1VUSdfft0v0pb8Jx2sqzKDlDQOtE/s3728/P4020462-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3728" data-original-width="2796" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiVDbypdOiaqlQs7I5UlzHH-I6HHwGbQsV09fW_IIjzUrIqFqu8CukGcUsK2QpoGPPgoR7qxxpjdHN5SfIgyfRkj5es8oGQUdlNNbbAxPhxNroxhceoYYnGYZJEJ_uxj5AdYI-XqfdyFV09t3P-GsP8YudOZaTyM2EI1VUSdfft0v0pb8Jx2sqzKDlDQOtE/w480-h640/P4020462-1.jpg" width="480" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>Trains</b></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;">Train Headquarters and Military Police</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;">1st Div. Military Postal Express Detachment</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;">1st and 2nd Military Police Companies</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;">1st Ammunition Train</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;">1st Mobile Ordnance Repair</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;">1st Supply Train</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;">1st Engineer Train</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;">1st Sanitary Train</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;">2nd 3rd 12th And 13th Ambulance Companies</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;">2nd 3rd and 13th Field Hospitals</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>Permanently Attached Units</b></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;">Machine Shop Truck Unit No. 2</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;">Machine Shop Truck Unit No. 301</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;">Mobile Surgical Unit No. 2</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;">Mobile Veterinary Section No. 1</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;">Sales Commissary Unit No. 309</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;">Bakery Unit No. 314</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;">Clothing And Bath Unit No. 319</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;">Pack Train No. 10</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;">Salvage Company No. 22</span></div><div><br /></div><div>The 58-ton pink granite shaft was hefted into place on April 28, 1924. According to <u><a href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015011399204&view=1up&seq=1071" target="_blank">American Architect</a></u>, “The entire operation of setting the shaft consumed two hours time, and it was done with two ordinary 25 H.P. hoisting engines...”</div><div> </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjW8ejqbhaxeLTjfpkZ9S_1oXQRpOIsgHzR8bU5dpHczFKATXQ7d737UtInqOppIzxy2L4cNizpPbr2LulmRy7K1x0GVhInsZhyaJIDvcZapFQzlDxDm9d6c4Sl2c0EQT_zq__viidIMcgopYlluhiNPpwXapRRyn0aTb6h9WSA-SHPVdXs5ll1QhZBYCD7/s5179/LiftingShaft.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3706" data-original-width="5179" height="458" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjW8ejqbhaxeLTjfpkZ9S_1oXQRpOIsgHzR8bU5dpHczFKATXQ7d737UtInqOppIzxy2L4cNizpPbr2LulmRy7K1x0GVhInsZhyaJIDvcZapFQzlDxDm9d6c4Sl2c0EQT_zq__viidIMcgopYlluhiNPpwXapRRyn0aTb6h9WSA-SHPVdXs5ll1QhZBYCD7/w640-h458/LiftingShaft.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div>and then, Victory was hoisted into her place atop the column.</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhds85GOHSuuNdidJQPnAP774RY_XD2jdKneKEws8VpN8PTP4WljcM4mSZpR6j8hJWgm0eGbqeQrJQExuMjeaiJZjM0ZcmwAg25NSjcfhbGX7gamoTYNRodq4j-z_dAuSSneA6y63_tv9BJ4uf6hpaN-7ikoM7eTg2VTV-TBXoykZJ-k0cwWumF5ieso7Da/s4295/HoistingVictory.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="4295" data-original-width="3221" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhds85GOHSuuNdidJQPnAP774RY_XD2jdKneKEws8VpN8PTP4WljcM4mSZpR6j8hJWgm0eGbqeQrJQExuMjeaiJZjM0ZcmwAg25NSjcfhbGX7gamoTYNRodq4j-z_dAuSSneA6y63_tv9BJ4uf6hpaN-7ikoM7eTg2VTV-TBXoykZJ-k0cwWumF5ieso7Da/w480-h640/HoistingVictory.jpg" width="480" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjw9p_QxmCMYdhdpUyhaKLx1gXXOnewnSw6lhfl5SMm_9UOt_R9SN3uV16ofHZW00h6pYUgQD8HPKOCRFJwEnNPjK1xzzd3TIvEp0OOaU2dUI1m-FsnLkYhmMmIwYCIK0U13vbEjoz8P1kfoyW25TBNjXVxeZeGdp4WPkZjqd9_Uwkmm7a9eGWecRD1t5TF/s826/Sign.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="634" data-original-width="826" height="246" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjw9p_QxmCMYdhdpUyhaKLx1gXXOnewnSw6lhfl5SMm_9UOt_R9SN3uV16ofHZW00h6pYUgQD8HPKOCRFJwEnNPjK1xzzd3TIvEp0OOaU2dUI1m-FsnLkYhmMmIwYCIK0U13vbEjoz8P1kfoyW25TBNjXVxeZeGdp4WPkZjqd9_Uwkmm7a9eGWecRD1t5TF/s320/Sign.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">This Monument to the Dead</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">of the First Division A.E.F is</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">being erected by the members</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">and friends of that division and</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">will be unveiled on October 4th</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">of this year</div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgm9nLzuEvHECLmRwBwnp247SuJ7FK13ty8Mv2yIBJ8TJxyUiCWwvqZe1HYkS2XDLZzhzVUxb2Zvcbq1Z7Ssu8x3DOL4oX2don4AL8TCBCwyasKggyTkv7WvIxQ8GPO0At_FDltsNQD-d8VqTb6cAv9J3-J_AByI7DatKEQL_yIOpj7PqIWMFs2yOOdADuF/s5057/Victory1924.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="5057" data-original-width="3793" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgm9nLzuEvHECLmRwBwnp247SuJ7FK13ty8Mv2yIBJ8TJxyUiCWwvqZe1HYkS2XDLZzhzVUxb2Zvcbq1Z7Ssu8x3DOL4oX2don4AL8TCBCwyasKggyTkv7WvIxQ8GPO0At_FDltsNQD-d8VqTb6cAv9J3-J_AByI7DatKEQL_yIOpj7PqIWMFs2yOOdADuF/w480-h640/Victory1924.jpg" width="480" /></a></div></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiIOWK9jHmoAxwv91iS8ydd7ekwMtW34dhz4O4gZ-EGZoEUc793Yxr9r6l19NNH3PUJCjcQru5kXRoEqAKhdm5QdJPotYRWbqKgXKs5ejU0R7e-T8P6HeGGj1_JR_ZCCbRvSHuPxtjfUy8LzMnP3DpMogILyp3mDcfJdVzE9_NrrThp-sU4xhPctn8dErqb/s1232/Victory1924-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="924" data-original-width="1232" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiIOWK9jHmoAxwv91iS8ydd7ekwMtW34dhz4O4gZ-EGZoEUc793Yxr9r6l19NNH3PUJCjcQru5kXRoEqAKhdm5QdJPotYRWbqKgXKs5ejU0R7e-T8P6HeGGj1_JR_ZCCbRvSHuPxtjfUy8LzMnP3DpMogILyp3mDcfJdVzE9_NrrThp-sU4xhPctn8dErqb/w640-h480/Victory1924-1.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div>The dedication ceremony was held on the 4th of October as promised. Speeches were made by <a href="http://landmarks.allenbrowne.info/FirstDivisionMonument/Dedication/Coolidge/Speech.htm" target="_blank">President Coolidge</a> and <a href="http://landmarks.allenbrowne.info/FirstDivisionMonument/Dedication/Summerall/Speech.htm" target="_blank">General Summerall</a>. General Pershing could not attend; <a href="http://landmarks.allenbrowne.info/FirstDivisionMonument/Dedication/Pershing/letter.htm" target="_blank">a letter from the General</a> was read at the ceremony. </div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQmxHmWe9XK1Z7wM4PV7ExDD8DfimWNIdpb0wwdhUUUTBSGymmHi1x22OMNMTSeQXRIskiJJsheccMRC-QoiGYUvrs9sqhNEPQqvD0QxQJE7E04dAxEkHZ5ZKyBEfhp5g7kHKteAdlMnCVCWZd_vLE_BZmlzYWjAIz1jGqKoZGUjLDJaEYVge5Rzh4vwDT/s1469/Coolidge-1stDivMon-1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1469" data-original-width="1102" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQmxHmWe9XK1Z7wM4PV7ExDD8DfimWNIdpb0wwdhUUUTBSGymmHi1x22OMNMTSeQXRIskiJJsheccMRC-QoiGYUvrs9sqhNEPQqvD0QxQJE7E04dAxEkHZ5ZKyBEfhp5g7kHKteAdlMnCVCWZd_vLE_BZmlzYWjAIz1jGqKoZGUjLDJaEYVge5Rzh4vwDT/w480-h640/Coolidge-1stDivMon-1.jpg" width="480" /></a></div><blockquote><div style="text-align: center;">Calvin Coolidge, speaking at the Dedication of the First Division Monument.</div><div style="text-align: center;">(LOC)</div></blockquote><div><div>The White House found itself with a logistical problem on the afternoon of October 4th. Coolidge was scheduled to throw out the first ball of the 1924 World Series that afternoon and the A.E.F. society found themselves unable to re-schedule. The president managed to fill both obligations apparently by leaving the ball-game early and arriving late for the dedication ceremony. See <a href="http://landmarks.allenbrowne.info/FirstDivisionMonument/Dedication/Coolidge/Baseball/" target="_blank"><i>Vet Ceremonies Clash with Baseball</i> in the <u>Washington Times</u>, Sept. 29, 1924</a>. (In the 1924 World Series the Senators —or was it the Nationals (Nats), or the Griffs?— beat the New York Giants at Griffith Stadium. <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/in-october-1924-all-washington-could-think-about-was-its-first-ever-world-series/2019/10/21/e0b2aa1a-f41d-11e9-8cf0-4cc99f74d127_story.html" target="_blank">John Kelly</a>, expounded on what else was going on in Washington in October of 1924. And see <a href="https://kevinjshay44.medium.com/did-the-senators-nationals-or-nats-win-the-1924-world-series-cb5714cd9c30" target="_blank">Kevin Shay</a> on the shifting name(s) of the Washington Baseball Club.)</div><div><br /></div><div>When I visited in July of 2019, The flower garden in the shape of the “Big Red One” just south of the monument was blooming.</div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjWZf5zZs6dP6VKqLo86G_OomnSvfKbyLxULyfS-NV1HbTs_Vowlk3RLgA0j3-PKsk-CN9JzczHXuOZ64-JwmgmAKT1TWVBvecKF2rJXbLXBS2cF4zpzZs4oZJoDTbDhYxD9Zja8H2_wcM_vvXR5EN6K9unb5QdUZ12WAucfTe9j433ny6Xu7ymawXmoyql/s4000/P4020399-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3000" data-original-width="4000" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjWZf5zZs6dP6VKqLo86G_OomnSvfKbyLxULyfS-NV1HbTs_Vowlk3RLgA0j3-PKsk-CN9JzczHXuOZ64-JwmgmAKT1TWVBvecKF2rJXbLXBS2cF4zpzZs4oZJoDTbDhYxD9Zja8H2_wcM_vvXR5EN6K9unb5QdUZ12WAucfTe9j433ny6Xu7ymawXmoyql/w640-h480/P4020399-1.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQJpOYZb07CZzDdho2wF7RapfINsQx0SDh7dw4itgNuPVZPQh_wtSJNSoH7R-Uwf6SByWv1IKyNe8RA4jZfKAno4V-QMapf4_UT6BgKnplfWY2OsYl2f-IUguRI52VDTddkPyEHSW8pELd7hB1WEDtH8mgDtHtWefeTg5GJovLfbO3MZ9ONB9B142341dP/s4000/P4020250-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3000" data-original-width="4000" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQJpOYZb07CZzDdho2wF7RapfINsQx0SDh7dw4itgNuPVZPQh_wtSJNSoH7R-Uwf6SByWv1IKyNe8RA4jZfKAno4V-QMapf4_UT6BgKnplfWY2OsYl2f-IUguRI52VDTddkPyEHSW8pELd7hB1WEDtH8mgDtHtWefeTg5GJovLfbO3MZ9ONB9B142341dP/w640-h480/P4020250-1.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /></div>Allen Brownehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02871983840550191787noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2073838520097258789.post-84903348870964930692023-05-28T13:43:00.045-04:002024-01-09T10:03:22.304-05:00The Old Brick Capitol<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjb56CJAfIKLLN8Ilu1i0__A2sDh6v5RH4TvY5k8bJ-gYS1ONFuBlusjb_dFn7OVmo-U6Z-hJ_8fHCs3eLY4Bg95GjbMV9S1rwpf3zZ9DQeroQS3YxGUMSfQoCZtaBXnSHMH0VXwJL2GdalXjMzR3-B0FEIA7RI2J17KWHVI79YkGRA9rM9aMW0D2qBw/s1122/BRICK_CAPITOL_inCivilWarDays-2.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="876" data-original-width="1122" height="313" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjb56CJAfIKLLN8Ilu1i0__A2sDh6v5RH4TvY5k8bJ-gYS1ONFuBlusjb_dFn7OVmo-U6Z-hJ_8fHCs3eLY4Bg95GjbMV9S1rwpf3zZ9DQeroQS3YxGUMSfQoCZtaBXnSHMH0VXwJL2GdalXjMzR3-B0FEIA7RI2J17KWHVI79YkGRA9rM9aMW0D2qBw/w400-h313/BRICK_CAPITOL_inCivilWarDays-2.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><span><a name='more'></a></span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgEAJaIcOf5E6mMT5_90Vrrcw2uJLOAvw6NHwfMG3P47UJsYDv1nPlVxc7z15ogwK12l9FnLNcmrQTe561X1dvhCyej1FCn216g56LnmqY9sZr2nSnKmP1BlD5nFR9E6ptgcEDeLinXruHi5hIZO9tI6B_-pUGQru49Iejf5Hl7oc_rYaAIAOGzqOnjiA/s3416/P2090517-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><br /><img border="0" data-original-height="2528" data-original-width="3416" height="296" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgEAJaIcOf5E6mMT5_90Vrrcw2uJLOAvw6NHwfMG3P47UJsYDv1nPlVxc7z15ogwK12l9FnLNcmrQTe561X1dvhCyej1FCn216g56LnmqY9sZr2nSnKmP1BlD5nFR9E6ptgcEDeLinXruHi5hIZO9tI6B_-pUGQru49Iejf5Hl7oc_rYaAIAOGzqOnjiA/w400-h296/P2090517-1.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">The bas-relief image above comes from a plaque placed in 1950 <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/place/38%C2%B053'27.0%22N+77%C2%B000'20.2%22W/@38.8908372,-77.0062601,211m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m4!3m3!8m2!3d38.8908362!4d-77.0056164" target="_blank">in front of the Supreme Court Building</a> which sits on the site today.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhiIdKCa--tG16VhM20dkeoK9UcIvTcpRSiyhuSi0Ct8uAryKQENpFC_iUkGPLJQBToybScPxEDbF7_AfmeF7lZiyMprNOtshvcpoMwl9706Sw39Em7QuVXSZs62Ny6qK_xz5mn-75nYvuYQzNjsWKIRmOfl2faW7hhAyQnbm7U-inoTP220r0c9Md66w/s3744/P2090523-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Old Brick Capitol Plaque" border="0" data-original-height="2808" data-original-width="3744" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhiIdKCa--tG16VhM20dkeoK9UcIvTcpRSiyhuSi0Ct8uAryKQENpFC_iUkGPLJQBToybScPxEDbF7_AfmeF7lZiyMprNOtshvcpoMwl9706Sw39Em7QuVXSZs62Ny6qK_xz5mn-75nYvuYQzNjsWKIRmOfl2faW7hhAyQnbm7U-inoTP220r0c9Md66w/w640-h480/P2090523-1.jpg" title="Old Brick Capitol Plaque" width="640" /></a></div><h4 style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;">The Old Brick Capitol</span></h4><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;">July 4, 1815</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;">The Cornerstone of the Old Brick Capitol</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Built by Washington Citizens</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;">To House the Congress</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Was laid on this site</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;">The Congress met here from December 13, 1815</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Through March 3,1819</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;">President Monroe was inaugurated here in 1817</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Establishing the custom of public inaugurals</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;">------ . ------</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;">National Capital Sesquicentennial Commission</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;">1950</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br /></div>Harold H. Burton, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court, gave a speech at the dedication of the plaque entitled “<a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/40067303" target="_blank">The Story of the Place</a>” which was published in the <u>Records of the Columbia Historical Society,</u> Vol. 51/52. </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUSLOLrXH_nTnM20po0DYR4x7IqPtBkVcXM2x8pQNlhM8viuVx7VkvwFl5mccbdGDY5qKFJ7oocw5xQ_od4cR6SO0PXzOgfbk0Rv0ICmJWsIOVqEPfyaTSEg96l8guo5faN_Mc4LFfEEakViOLz3DYkZYVjzsq8F5tqPzJodfUkQ_ccacSJakNLoxAzw/s3399/P2090530-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Plaque in Supreme Court Plaza" border="0" data-original-height="3399" data-original-width="2549" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUSLOLrXH_nTnM20po0DYR4x7IqPtBkVcXM2x8pQNlhM8viuVx7VkvwFl5mccbdGDY5qKFJ7oocw5xQ_od4cR6SO0PXzOgfbk0Rv0ICmJWsIOVqEPfyaTSEg96l8guo5faN_Mc4LFfEEakViOLz3DYkZYVjzsq8F5tqPzJodfUkQ_ccacSJakNLoxAzw/w480-h640/P2090530-1.jpg" title="Plaque in Supreme Court Plaza" width="480" /></a></div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">The DC History Center summarizes the history of this site:</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><blockquote>After the Capitol was burned by the British during the War of 1812, the Congress had to meet in more-crowded quarters, using, initially, Blodgett's Hotel at E and 8th Streets NW. In 1815, a brick building -- the city's largest privately-built structure -- was erected to better serve the Congress, just to the east of the Capitol across 1st Street, by prominent citizens who feared the capital might be moved away from Washington. For four years the Senate met on the first floor of this building -- in a 15- by 45-foot chamber, and the House of Representatives in a 45- by 75-foot room on the second floor. After the Congress returned to the restored Capitol in 1819, the "Old Brick Capitol" was used by a private school, later converted into a Congressional boarding house, and purchased by the government during the Civil War for use as the "Old Capitol Prison". After the war, private owners drastically remodeled the building into three townhouses, known as "Trumbell's Row". Finally, in 1913, the houses were bought as the headquarters of the National Woman's Party, soon after its organization. The group used the building until 1929 when it moved into the historic Sewell-Belmont House at Constitution and 2nd Street NE. The "Old Brick Capitol" building was destroyed in 1931, after the government had appropriated the site for construction of the Supreme Court Building. (See James Goode's "Capital Losses".) -- <a href="https://dchistory.pastperfectonline.com/photo/11A451C7-61F8-48DA-B1B0-425138653636" target="_blank">DC Hist. Center</a></blockquote><p>This spot had been from 1795 the site of Tunnicliff's City Hotel which by 1815 had become Stelle's Hotel. As <a href="http://landmarks.allenbrowne.info/OldBrickCapitol/Goode/" target="_blank">Goode</a> tells it:</p><blockquote>For a number of years the earlier red brick hostelry, Stelle's Hotel, was managed by Pontius D. Stelle. This Elegantly managed tavern, which faced A Street, was one of the most important in the city's early years, providing not only food, drink and lodging for congressmen and diplomats, but extensive sheds in the rear for the accommodation of coaches arriving daily from Baltimore.<br /><br />This eighteenth-century building was pulled down in 1815 to clear the site for a temporary meeting place for Congress after the British burned the Capitol on August 24, 1814.</blockquote><p>British troops burned the U.S. Capitol when they captured Washington in 1814. Congress met in <a href="https://allenbrowne.blogspot.com/2016/04/blodgets-hotel.html" target="_blank">Blodget's Grand Hotel</a> for one session, during which, private subscribers including Daniel Carroll of Duddington and Thomas Law organized themselves into the “The Capitol Hotel Company”, and built, at a cost of $25,000, this brick structure for the Congress to meet in, on a patch of Carroll's land at First and A streets, then used as a flower-garden, across First Street from the Capitol, next door to Stelle's Hotel, which had to be torn down. The cornerstone of the new building was laid on July 4, 1815. The company charged Congress $1,650 annual rent, which Justice Burton points out was 6% of their original investment. </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjXUglPOChepJGvJKjiWImNpKBCeXf_kadq6US414aQP9No44gFw6X-hBZ1_jg9lxNkry6D0JleRa527DmOGw9FTz6HTrrWosQHaMY11FAO-V0w5dD_cwIDqBdLMH_fv-KR5tvtO0tOeNq9nvvL7BCGmu4OlZoS_tc7Zsi9dAhxG2lOi2PUjoymgZT1jA/s900/BrickCapitol-1815.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Old Brick Capitol 1815" border="0" data-original-height="900" data-original-width="724" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjXUglPOChepJGvJKjiWImNpKBCeXf_kadq6US414aQP9No44gFw6X-hBZ1_jg9lxNkry6D0JleRa527DmOGw9FTz6HTrrWosQHaMY11FAO-V0w5dD_cwIDqBdLMH_fv-KR5tvtO0tOeNq9nvvL7BCGmu4OlZoS_tc7Zsi9dAhxG2lOi2PUjoymgZT1jA/w257-h320/BrickCapitol-1815.jpg" title="Old Brick Capitol 1815" width="257" /></a></div><p>Congress met in the Old Brick Capitol, as it came to be called, for 4 years. The 14th Congress met at first in Blodget's Hotel in December of 1815 but soon moved to the Brick Capitol. The 15th Congress used the Brick Capitol until March 3, 1819. The Senate meeting on the ground floor and the House on the second floor. Frank W. Hutchins, writing in the <u>Washington Post Magazine Section</u> July 27, 1930, recounts the issues and personalities that dominated the Old Brick Capitol in those years in an article entitled “<a href="http://landmarks.allenbrowne.info/OldBrickCapitol/PostMagazine/Shades/" target="_blank">Shades of the ‘Old Brick Capitol</a>,’” including the exoneration of Andrew Jackson for his unauthorized invasion of Florida and the first consideration of the admission of Missouri to the Union. </p><p>But as Justice Burton points out “The most unique incident that had occurred in the Brick Capitol, while Congress occupied it, was connected with the inauguration of President Monroe and Vice President Tompkins, March 4, 1817.” A stand-off in a turf battle between the Senate and Speaker of the House Henry Clay led to President Monroe taking the oath of office outdoors at the Brick Capitol. Burton quotes this excerpt from the debates of the 24th Congress. (“His colloquy of February 28, 1837, is reported in Vol. 13, Pt. 1, of <a href="https://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=llrd&fileName=026/llrd026.db&recNum=499" target="_blank">Gales and Seaton's <u>Register of Debates in Congress</u>, 24th Cong., 2d Sess. At 992</a>”)</p><p></p><blockquote>He {Mr. CLAY [of Kentucky]} remembered that, on the first election of Mr. Monroe, the committee of the Senate applied to him, as Speaker of the House, for the use of the chamber of the House; and he had told them that he would put the chamber in order for the use of the Senate, but the control of it he did not feel authorized to surrender. They wished also to bring in the fine red chairs of the Senate, but he told them it could not be done; the plain democratic chairs of the House were more becoming. The consequence was, that Mr. Monroe, instead of taking the oath within doors, took it outside, in the open air, in front of the Capitol. Mr. C. mentioned this for the purpose of making the inquiry, what was the practice, and on what it was founded, and why the Senate had the exclusive care of administering the oath.</blockquote><p></p><p>Presidential inaugurations have been held outdoors ever since. </p><p>When Congress resumed meeting in the restored Capitol building in 1819, the Circuit Court for the District of Columbia began meeting in the Old Brick Capitol. The Court met in the Old Capitol until 1824. Goode says that “For many years afterward the Old Capitol was used as a private school, and then for many years as a boardinghouse for congressmen. Here, the noted champion of states' rights, Sen. John C. Calhoun of South Carolina, died in his apartment on March 31, 1850, spared from seeing the Civil War he had helped to bring about.” </p><p>At the outset of the Civil War in 1861, the government bought the Old Brick Capitol for use as a political prison housing Confederate sympathizers, spies, opponents of the Lincoln administration etc. <br /></p><p><a href="http://landmarks.allenbrowne.info/OldBrickCapitol/Harper's/" target="_blank"><u>Harper's Weekly</u>, September 14, 1861</a> had this illustration of “The Political Prison at Washington.”</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivNcqbB1dPJapWGM0GpyV1_rGfpMZuFt3U5nUD_Onnh9LUKXKc36gfO6IqaGhhcIoex7nr6VboBI-mnXcMyWuns7sBtsmu2tZi5uI6DLknP034vHg13xJN3aiUWqtlLe1C_sixpTMFBUN7QV-5SgdCRwg0-mrsPpiYj-bZzOkd6_UcJ5_w5umwjY8ybg/s1560/PoliticalPrison-Harpers-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Political Prison at Washington" border="0" data-original-height="1148" data-original-width="1560" height="470" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivNcqbB1dPJapWGM0GpyV1_rGfpMZuFt3U5nUD_Onnh9LUKXKc36gfO6IqaGhhcIoex7nr6VboBI-mnXcMyWuns7sBtsmu2tZi5uI6DLknP034vHg13xJN3aiUWqtlLe1C_sixpTMFBUN7QV-5SgdCRwg0-mrsPpiYj-bZzOkd6_UcJ5_w5umwjY8ybg/w640-h470/PoliticalPrison-Harpers-1.jpg" title="Political Prison at Washington" width="640" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;">The Political Prison at Washington, Corner First and A Streets (North)</div><p>The prison held many famous, not so famous and infamous prisoners. Including <a href="https://allenbrowne.blogspot.com/2014/06/a-civil-war-love-story.html" target="_blank">Antonia Ford</a>, Henry Wirz, who was hanged there and various Lincoln assassination conspirators. But the perhaps the most famous inmate was Rose O'Neal Greenhow. Shown below with her daughter in front of one of the boarded-up prison windows.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEis2ysn1LYewY5zUsCB3UOeYkVh7wnUHh8sPnEjXJy2AlA3cfPCf61bP7F0wSI7ie_HExoG5PG97KfHV1RywrIH7GGakMmry7pfxfpCIHB0Ia0_odXWduqXVDt1TdS1IWgV9ttuC8GAKk6TZP3SKuVcw8IfyaI30c3t60a32p7cc1SHKJI-Ts0FlP3jCw/s6532/RoseGreenhow-OldCapitolPrison.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img alt="Rose O'Neal Greenhow" border="0" data-original-height="6532" data-original-width="4276" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEis2ysn1LYewY5zUsCB3UOeYkVh7wnUHh8sPnEjXJy2AlA3cfPCf61bP7F0wSI7ie_HExoG5PG97KfHV1RywrIH7GGakMmry7pfxfpCIHB0Ia0_odXWduqXVDt1TdS1IWgV9ttuC8GAKk6TZP3SKuVcw8IfyaI30c3t60a32p7cc1SHKJI-Ts0FlP3jCw/w418-h640/RoseGreenhow-OldCapitolPrison.jpg" title="Rose O'Neal Greenhow" width="418" /></a></div><p><a href="http://landmarks.allenbrowne.info/OldBrickCapitol/Watson/" target="_blank">Elmo Scott Watson</a> insists that the most famous prisoner in the Old Capitol was Belle Boyd.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7fjYxnOdNnAuGLPQbC2YPR9k5NFVp5NgcjjjMATt2_AHXTcfA3VV60V34XDm3mqkU3LxjlCYAsCLPOEeqqgRM0n4Nk8qANJSeDIXyFec7ksprThaKSTpLeolit1QnCpHodqNx_LHIgMjTaY3yGfvMrYTCse2p79fbLXcw64fOEeJzvJ5PLUGeI_uVyw/s1021/BelleBoyd.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1021" data-original-width="603" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7fjYxnOdNnAuGLPQbC2YPR9k5NFVp5NgcjjjMATt2_AHXTcfA3VV60V34XDm3mqkU3LxjlCYAsCLPOEeqqgRM0n4Nk8qANJSeDIXyFec7ksprThaKSTpLeolit1QnCpHodqNx_LHIgMjTaY3yGfvMrYTCse2p79fbLXcw64fOEeJzvJ5PLUGeI_uVyw/w236-h400/BelleBoyd.jpg" width="236" /></a></div><p>The inscription on the back of this war-time photo reads: “Old Capitol Prison for Secesh N or S.”</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhTVir5tUibdKCN6s0i-tq7NL5D3hckInOvDwL1JQzmpOZqP2fTqH6k98azw66pnWrggKJ4ourqXThuNx4_jMfpgFtma64diK_7EUZar80Q0X1Ce1xBAHI0KHeonXBvb3G_K6yswUyvWODcyrUreAvEGGAZLM3tumTTjgN_izZ4Mj8v5UZS7Il91CaQ_g/s3213/CapitolPrison.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="The Old Capitol Prison" border="0" data-original-height="2113" data-original-width="3213" height="422" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhTVir5tUibdKCN6s0i-tq7NL5D3hckInOvDwL1JQzmpOZqP2fTqH6k98azw66pnWrggKJ4ourqXThuNx4_jMfpgFtma64diK_7EUZar80Q0X1Ce1xBAHI0KHeonXBvb3G_K6yswUyvWODcyrUreAvEGGAZLM3tumTTjgN_izZ4Mj8v5UZS7Il91CaQ_g/w640-h422/CapitolPrison.jpg" title="The Old Capitol Prison" width="640" /></a></div></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div><a href="http://landmarks.allenbrowne.info/OldBrickCapitol/Goode/" target="_blank">James Goode </a>outlines the next chapter in the story:</div><div><blockquote>After the war, in May 1867, the federal government sold the Old Capitol. With financial help from Lyman Trumbull of Illinois , George T. Brown, the sergeant-at-arms of the Senate, bought the property for $20,000. In 1869 Brown had the massive rear wing of the structure demolished, and the main section was remodeled into three large town houses in Second Empire style, with mansard roofs and appropriate Victorian doors and windows. The building was thereafter known as “Trumbull's Row.”</blockquote><p><a href="http://landmarks.allenbrowne.info/OldBrickCapitol/Leslie's/" target="_blank">Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper in March of 1880</a> gives us this look at "The Old Brick Capitol" after its post-war renovation.</p><p></p><blockquote> But years have cycled into eternity, making war but a memory, peace a reality. The elegant homes of Judge Advocate General Dunn, Judge Field and ex-Governor Lowe form another trinity of human greatness found within the historic walls of this building of checkered career, presenting a delightful contrast between “now and then.”</blockquote><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiBtsPxE3pLegEU4t_KDSICzhzlX3yP0moYPttAk740Gui0McK1DbtY59fZHdAYr1oiO9sGAvHhUOEIlGoKz4JpRsJHQiU4qhbLpS6w8eL9snjOzwsutoxqokjXu9NrZjkQJgC53fWeZoYqZORy5A6KvG3bDWjiH6Oet4L8LJ0txMbqWNLItdpdfVBy7A/s1371/OldCapitolPrison.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="1880 Appearance of the Old Capitol Prison" border="0" data-original-height="1048" data-original-width="1371" height="490" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiBtsPxE3pLegEU4t_KDSICzhzlX3yP0moYPttAk740Gui0McK1DbtY59fZHdAYr1oiO9sGAvHhUOEIlGoKz4JpRsJHQiU4qhbLpS6w8eL9snjOzwsutoxqokjXu9NrZjkQJgC53fWeZoYqZORy5A6KvG3bDWjiH6Oet4L8LJ0txMbqWNLItdpdfVBy7A/w640-h490/OldCapitolPrison.jpg" title="1880 Appearance of the Old Capitol Prison" width="640" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;">District of Columbia. -- Present Appearance of the Old Capitol Prison, Washington.</div><p></p><p>In 1921 Trumbull's Row became the headquarters of the National Woman's Party. Elizabeth L. Chittick summed it up in her t<a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=eo8j5kCImiwC&lpg=PA63&ots=cdTPeieMWA&dq=SEWALL-BELMONT%20HOUSE%20NATIONAL%20HISTORIC%20SITE%20S%203188&pg=PA21#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank">estimony before Congress in 1974</a>.</p><p></p><blockquote>On November 9, 1921, the National Woman's Party bought its first permanent headquarters, the Old Brick Capitol, from Charlotte Anita Whitney, and obtained a mortgage to pay for the property. Mrs. Alva Belmont, a prominent society woman, who had become a strong advocate of equal rights paid off the mortgage on September 30, 1922, and deeded the property to the National Woman's Party, with certain stipulations, some of which are: The property was never to be sold, mortgaged or encumbered; if taken under the power of eminent domain, the compensation paid must be reinvested in another building to be used for headquarters and the furthering of the advancement of women; if the National Capitol of the United States of America be moved to some place other than the District of Columbia, then the party would have the right to sell and dispose of the real estate, and the proceeds reinvested in unencumbered real estate in the National Capitol of the United States of America, wherever that might be.</blockquote><p></p><p> <a href="https://allencbrowne.blogspot.com/2017/09/alva-belmont.html" target="_blank">Alva Belmont</a>'s <a href="http://landmarks.allenbrowne.info/OldBrickCapitol/Deed/" target="_blank">Deed of the property to the National Woman's Party</a> is on display at the Sewell-Belmont House, in which she sells the building(s) to the NWP for $1.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://landmarks.allenbrowne.info/OldBrickCapitol/Deed/" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" target="_blank"><img alt="Deed to National Woman's Party" border="0" data-original-height="3106" data-original-width="2334" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJS-ceC5dZMx2W--bAfOqGib-SPj0SxuhhFEtroad6Ehx7QBN8bNw_6A3Eg8K1maEErRXSvo3ySkX-QjAFjeu_Mcz40TeUh-J2EKjWDK6312WhFIGtRSogI2m6hsCIWCtFCwTtaTBPlu0X9a975xgmxmWIUdiR147ZgmMhrcO4-rs6DQhfBck-3TA5gg/w480-h640/P2090113-1.jpg" title="Deed to National Woman's Party" width="480" /></a></div></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjzAk8fKpmlWrTBWgPxdDsaw0T_KKNb-6R-FhxOfga_6geKGZfCZpdvsWP96_STLVcl_KKmPkYBAk7LYHkd3hPYK5rwwp4I_iJW67EFzbOjXlaMuzT2knLp9AHzNGODw7XbVuYd4ApjkXEm5eP8Mkz7yH6J92U0OdhGrhq2bMirDbpyDTvIHnPp7zXp-A/s3586/P2090114-2.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Inscription: Deed to the NWP" border="0" data-original-height="659" data-original-width="3586" height="74" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjzAk8fKpmlWrTBWgPxdDsaw0T_KKNb-6R-FhxOfga_6geKGZfCZpdvsWP96_STLVcl_KKmPkYBAk7LYHkd3hPYK5rwwp4I_iJW67EFzbOjXlaMuzT2knLp9AHzNGODw7XbVuYd4ApjkXEm5eP8Mkz7yH6J92U0OdhGrhq2bMirDbpyDTvIHnPp7zXp-A/w400-h74/P2090114-2.jpg" title="Inscription: Deed to the NWP" width="400" /></a></div><br /><div>Among the conditions stipulated in the deed was the requirement that only women could hold paying jobs in the NWP.</div><div><blockquote>...the said party of the second part shall use and occupy the same for the advancement of women, and shall confine and limit to women the right to hold office or position of any kind, or to receive any salary in said organization...</blockquote><p>Here's Alva Belmont (Mrs. Oliver Hazard Perry Belmont), speaking at the dedication ceremony in 1922. (<a href="https://www.loc.gov/item/mnwp000416" target="_blank">LOC</a>)</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhbJb7O_3CC2e6lUOeLtJAGIp9QvFOkZez84ir3cXCmV1eQnY6xN5LVw3qQf_rFZnCf-d0zxYoHxoN-9g_QFABCxE-OVUgPlenDtc2Yr6PqqX84mMRGPoOJ7D1TX34AB0wbWHOHoZY71p_EemuWlCmyyQMg66ViBhnPn7zz3ysZnYJxSpUAf4vvosBSaA/s3828/AlvaBelmont-Speaking.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Alva Belmont" border="0" data-original-height="2856" data-original-width="3828" height="478" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhbJb7O_3CC2e6lUOeLtJAGIp9QvFOkZez84ir3cXCmV1eQnY6xN5LVw3qQf_rFZnCf-d0zxYoHxoN-9g_QFABCxE-OVUgPlenDtc2Yr6PqqX84mMRGPoOJ7D1TX34AB0wbWHOHoZY71p_EemuWlCmyyQMg66ViBhnPn7zz3ysZnYJxSpUAf4vvosBSaA/w640-h478/AlvaBelmont-Speaking.jpg" title="Alva Belmont" width="640" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;">Mrs. Oliver H. P. Belmont</div><p>Justice Burton ends the story of this site with this summary:</p><p></p><blockquote>Mrs. Alva Belmont (Mrs. Oliver Hazard Perry Belmont), having acquired the Old Brick Capitol property, presented it to the National Woman's Party as a permanent headquarters for their crusade for equal rights for women. Known as No. 21 First Street, N. E., it was cherished by that organization not only as a head-quarters but as an historical shrine. They embellished the grounds with a garden. When, in 1928, this site was selected for the Supreme Court Building, the National Woman's Party opposed the selection because it meant the removal of their historic building. The Senate adopted a resolution favoring the retention of their building and the abandonment of the proposal to build the Supreme Court Building there. However, Case No. 1911 in the Supreme Court of the District of Columbia resulted in the condemnation of the property and an award to the National Woman's Party of substantially $300,000 as just compensation for the taking of it. Thereupon moved to its present headquarters in the historic mansion on the northwest corner of Constitution Avenue (old B Street and Second Street, N.E.)</blockquote><p>As the U.S. Government moved in 1929 to tear down the old buildings to make way for a new Supreme Court Building, a disagreement of the “<a href="http://landmarks.allenbrowne.info/OldBrickCapitol/PostMagazine/ButIsIt/Ship/" target="_blank">Ship of Theseus</a>”-type broke out over whether NWP headquarters at 21 First Street was really the same building as the Old Capitol. The NWP certainly believed their headquarters <u>was</u> the Old Capitol. The plaque between the front windows of NWP headquarters in this 1928 photo identifies the building as the Brick Capitol and tells the familiar story.</p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2MXMMYw4SOfzZlGRf-3bDIlzTO8cAYosXBbto4REHDKzludLG7kI93frAZ2cIzYczjqzfhLxcr9l8PZ3BXAFaTXPGnS0CMJqNM2T-A20wrPRq6kOfmBogFbFJZraXbgrV_-rvNLWmLToInJuo24JbVc5r-fqjOf7OQnWfnQI1T2zF3c5BQFLmHPLBWw/s4044/NWPHeadquarters.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="NWP Headquarters" border="0" data-original-height="3188" data-original-width="4044" height="504" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2MXMMYw4SOfzZlGRf-3bDIlzTO8cAYosXBbto4REHDKzludLG7kI93frAZ2cIzYczjqzfhLxcr9l8PZ3BXAFaTXPGnS0CMJqNM2T-A20wrPRq6kOfmBogFbFJZraXbgrV_-rvNLWmLToInJuo24JbVc5r-fqjOf7OQnWfnQI1T2zF3c5BQFLmHPLBWw/w640-h504/NWPHeadquarters.jpg" title="NWP Headquarters" width="640" /></a></div><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhstkgfqvcDXpvP52eistE8p_vvluthADz18K6ZfparEDsPw7E3h9oY8S5q1rjfcXy8ObQgSr3UVvPgpy9iEHWwcMCM76luK46MTAMYChQoi9K8NO3MAGINSa6JwK7MF3ZUIZlDCGb5a3Qn0vl7YmZRmBLfo-zNF2zIz3UB15R7GKjFoJQ3f25O8j02XQ/s1568/NWPPlaque-2.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Old Capitol Plaque NWP Headquarters" border="0" data-original-height="1446" data-original-width="1568" height="369" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhstkgfqvcDXpvP52eistE8p_vvluthADz18K6ZfparEDsPw7E3h9oY8S5q1rjfcXy8ObQgSr3UVvPgpy9iEHWwcMCM76luK46MTAMYChQoi9K8NO3MAGINSa6JwK7MF3ZUIZlDCGb5a3Qn0vl7YmZRmBLfo-zNF2zIz3UB15R7GKjFoJQ3f25O8j02XQ/w400-h369/NWPPlaque-2.png" title="Old Capitol Plaque NWP Headquarters" width="400" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="https://artsandculture.google.com/asset/plaque-from-former-u-s-capitol-unknown/OgFutxFrEGd4Fw?hl=en" target="_blank">James Monroe Museum</a></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">Congress Convened Here During 1815-1819</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">While the Capitol was Being Rebuilt,</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">And Here Also the inauguration of</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">President Monroe Took Place in 1817.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">Later The Building became known as</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">The “Brick Capitol” and</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">Was the Home of Many Congressmen,</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">Was the Home of John C. Calhoun, who Died </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">Within Its Walls on March 31, 1850</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">During the Civil War The Building</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">Was Used as a Prison</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">And Called the Old “Capitol Prison.”</div><br />The plaque pre-dates the NWP at this location. Ellen Spencer Mussey noticed it on the old building and recorded the inscription in her April 1912 article in the<a href="http://landmarks.allenbrowne.info/OldBrickCapitol/Plaque/AmericanMonthly/" target="_blank"><u> American Monthly Magazine,</u> <i>Historic Washington</i></a>. </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;">The plaque was ceremoniously given to the James Monroe Museum in Fredericksburg, Va., when the old building was torn down in 1931. President Hoover sent flowers. (See <a href="http://landmarks.allenbrowne.info/OldBrickCapitol/Plaque/Unveiled/" target="_blank">The New York Times</a>, <a href="http://landmarks.allenbrowne.info/OldBrickCapitol/Plaque/Dedicated/" target="_blank">The Washington Post</a> or <a href="http://landmarks.allenbrowne.info/OldBrickCapitol/Plaque/Relic/" target="_blank">The Cincinnati Enquirer</a>.)</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;">William Atherton Du Puy went over the arguments concerning the historicity of the NWP building in the <a href="http://landmarks.allenbrowne.info/OldBrickCapitol/PostMagazine/ButIsIt/" target="_blank"><u>Washington Post Magazine</u>, July 27, 1930</a>. It came down to the pattern of the brickwork. The Treasury Department's handwriting expert determined from old photographs that the Old Capitol had used the Flemish bond brick pattern. Most of the brickwork visible on the NWP headquarters was Common bond.</div><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0ijn7N0wbjT9MJ0n9Vk_1YnSxeZHk_xzavLc8Kwi4-LbyjtYCY42h8MrzOcbnsy5Bmu5_qQ30btG65Fk5FLZEao5oAlmnxj_GIo2kLZOwFyLrgAEjD333bz06UrAjZDV0d5nnHg2Ev8yyzIo8tDVEolPLgQmt8-hO0md4D_1tRLoHD87GhAqGOTAFrA/s1374/Flemish.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Flemish Bond" border="0" data-original-height="900" data-original-width="1374" height="263" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0ijn7N0wbjT9MJ0n9Vk_1YnSxeZHk_xzavLc8Kwi4-LbyjtYCY42h8MrzOcbnsy5Bmu5_qQ30btG65Fk5FLZEao5oAlmnxj_GIo2kLZOwFyLrgAEjD333bz06UrAjZDV0d5nnHg2Ev8yyzIo8tDVEolPLgQmt8-hO0md4D_1tRLoHD87GhAqGOTAFrA/w400-h263/Flemish.jpg" title="Flemish Bond" width="400" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;">The Flemish bond brick work of the old Capitol walls.</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgGkcbGe5H7Gu7JCV2CHkFDCxu-uyFs8UVW3jSvyBgCwKqUjJKhK4SCIVD8q2mgh3ea9dKoFfuiPTPb6MfCpdtWAajEO7ErxRnlC3M1IV_3n1bKdYSR1u5Mp-Td7kk7SIS_lGzip85T03kd33fSa8NmAGcmqTBEV2hqglO6yffNu2yj7hQONYNB8TqiQ/s1374/Common.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Common Bond" border="0" data-original-height="900" data-original-width="1374" height="263" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgGkcbGe5H7Gu7JCV2CHkFDCxu-uyFs8UVW3jSvyBgCwKqUjJKhK4SCIVD8q2mgh3ea9dKoFfuiPTPb6MfCpdtWAajEO7ErxRnlC3M1IV_3n1bKdYSR1u5Mp-Td7kk7SIS_lGzip85T03kd33fSa8NmAGcmqTBEV2hqglO6yffNu2yj7hQONYNB8TqiQ/w400-h263/Common.jpg" title="Common Bond" width="400" /></a></div><span style="font-size: medium;">The common bond wall masonry of the present {1930} more modern building.</span><p></p><p>The Treasury Dept. concluded that NWP headquarters (Trumbull's Row) was not the historic building that had hosted the Congress after 1814 and had been The Old Capitol Prison. No extra money for historic value was added to the eminent domain compensation given to the NWP by the government. In the photo below Attorney General, Wm. D. Mitchell presents a check to members of the National Woman's Party on March 16, 1929. </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrZLhGa2AgCuErGAuwxADGYF-j72RUOrxrVzq_U_G6JXxkdSLPzsxnNLyvLFPNeGK7nM4ZvCH9QY6iRWA-pIVzy410LggimEfFk9p0JsywpTC6cS1KRUOzF3dPkw0jeECdZEu--pWJeFw8L27DsBow6s8noYdN9mVm6GxV-LtRQ4sqd22VCNsFJT4Knw/s4613/Check.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="The Payoff" border="0" data-original-height="3899" data-original-width="4613" height="338" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrZLhGa2AgCuErGAuwxADGYF-j72RUOrxrVzq_U_G6JXxkdSLPzsxnNLyvLFPNeGK7nM4ZvCH9QY6iRWA-pIVzy410LggimEfFk9p0JsywpTC6cS1KRUOzF3dPkw0jeECdZEu--pWJeFw8L27DsBow6s8noYdN9mVm6GxV-LtRQ4sqd22VCNsFJT4Knw/w400-h338/Check.jpg" title="The Payoff" width="400" /></a></div><p>Eyewitness accounts, including Du Puy's report that there was some Flemish bond brick work under the stucco exterior near the foundations. <a href="http://landmarks.allenbrowne.info/OldBrickCapitol/Proctor/ProofFound.htm" target="_blank">John Clagett Proctor</a> and the <a href="http://landmarks.allenbrowne.info/OldBrickCapitol/OldestInhabitants/" target="_blank">Association of Oldest Inhabitants</a> argue that the presence of original structure is enough to justify considering Trumbull's Row to be the same building as the Old Capitol. Ultimately, it's a cultural not a material question. If the Association of Oldest Inhabitants and the National Woman's Party can agree on the historicity of the old building, I have to go along.</p>The site today is occupied by the Supreme Court of the United States.<br /></div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZ1LtX9fdGvKCXRATXuGFH2e_mvV1o-pGu4wh02UN2BrC43fpJ67jlbRIDL6TWDsyLCPzypMokpOiXss9aM5Nls0lrkm5hXT60nL50xk_16dGmmC6P4MXotbmCGSmrGuOHIBucaRU7TFDSo9ffrT1pAru1MFjqyFRqJe7OUU6dFFu2UOa58KPUuP0Dtg/s4000/P2220224-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="The Supreme Court" border="0" data-original-height="3000" data-original-width="4000" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZ1LtX9fdGvKCXRATXuGFH2e_mvV1o-pGu4wh02UN2BrC43fpJ67jlbRIDL6TWDsyLCPzypMokpOiXss9aM5Nls0lrkm5hXT60nL50xk_16dGmmC6P4MXotbmCGSmrGuOHIBucaRU7TFDSo9ffrT1pAru1MFjqyFRqJe7OUU6dFFu2UOa58KPUuP0Dtg/w640-h480/P2220224-1.jpg" title="The Supreme Court" width="640" /></a></div><div><br /></div><div>Quoting Justice Burton again, “Completed in 1935 the Supreme Court Building, designed by Cass Gilbert, Sr., Cass Gilbert, Jr., and John R. Rockart, where First and A Streets formerly met. The site is now Number One First Street, N. E. The Supreme Court Building provides a fitting climax.”</div><div><p><br /></p><p><br /></p></div>Allen Brownehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02871983840550191787noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2073838520097258789.post-27055267679377428782023-04-16T09:45:00.060-04:002024-03-01T07:59:28.145-05:00A Curious Tomb and a Long Epitaph<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://landmarks.allenbrowne.info/SwampAmbush1812/LifeStory.htm" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;" target="_blank"><img border="0" data-original-height="1506" data-original-width="1418" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQF9VyWcio2n3VHC3VJC6kzt0hBx7zPfLjNUUxpjTcdpfs351dEFKxo1pVV24fDHWiZa-cIVQ6KUqtaYGOfrmuE_UdIp5Zc0MYVL0n400QpjjBdZRkuzNTRXUwVj5G38c6GVDsPPKu2crGyxWyCJsjoZQ-QxBjSgZKWJwOHTg5dB62aTBkz7kJpQ1GDQ/w376-h400/MonumentwithLongEpitaph.jpg" width="376" /></a></div><p></p><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> Captain John Williams</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><div style="text-align: left;"><span><a name='more'></a></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://landmarks.allenbrowne.info/Rambler/Arlington/index.htm#Williams" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" target="_blank"><img border="0" data-original-height="1329" data-original-width="1802" height="295" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiLgK_YFXJOzqqtYLNALCG-er4biVJdUodCwp1D7GcE3FA47_PbuOoZVfm_OTSOfamg1OJYkr3KV8LtSs32bvCgpdculxUS2K4lfdwS8_aXReBljhyRCjh6SEmexTswOiYGgP0oRfxO_2V43_O4PYecIC-Y9CE2_hT70mMbdPsJ_Y5LSIR6s1iCoLzGdg/w400-h295/CuriousTomb.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Curious Tomb of Capt. John Williams</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div>The epitaph on the foot-high roof-shaped headstone of Captain John Williams, USMC, has been called the longest epitaph in Arlington National Cemetery. Indeed, Harry Shannon, <a href="http://landmarks.allenbrowne.info/Rambler/Arlington/#Williams" target="_blank">The Rambler</a>, suggests it may be “perhaps one of the long epitaphs of the world.” It tells the story of the death of Captain John Williams in what was called the “Patriot War” an ill-advised and ill-fated attempt to capture Spanish East Florida for the U.S. in 1812.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjDzmMcaFkYXDth9AaUqpjdNFQTO6zlfcwxlthtVlTHPwy4LjWf1izfWGsqmAgwcJYOrGXLWBgbuZoPS-U2dYx0Zq8l4B2gOPBkB-zx7i2hsm3q9xVixWeIiUPD2VDsRuv1RNr9oxGwShv4XyUnrxuBY8uSIPoDcQTAz--tHveI5gi72esfWN5X2meHg/s3617/P3110722-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3617" data-original-width="3000" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjDzmMcaFkYXDth9AaUqpjdNFQTO6zlfcwxlthtVlTHPwy4LjWf1izfWGsqmAgwcJYOrGXLWBgbuZoPS-U2dYx0Zq8l4B2gOPBkB-zx7i2hsm3q9xVixWeIiUPD2VDsRuv1RNr9oxGwShv4XyUnrxuBY8uSIPoDcQTAz--tHveI5gi72esfWN5X2meHg/w530-h640/P3110722-1.jpg" width="530" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://www.arlingtoncemetery.mil/Portals/0/Docs/ANC-Map-2022.pdf" target="_blank">Section 1 (West), Site 158</a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span>The epitaph starts out typically.</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJa6uSyx-C4dmoeY2Pve0k1qnBTYoCrITkqK5cQLzdkQazuIzv0qeG4LZPRhQf7pGFwoyFv_BglRWe-oOdFplN-YqZIh6tukX7D-Ea1zQ610LMeeZeJZZsK9uyj3e844V0-fzeHrvYWx54NpgMX2qvzgcGJIEcQqn_UvRQzyOP5M4UESIcWoYKlK3Tjg/s3000/P3110710-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2226" data-original-width="3000" height="296" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJa6uSyx-C4dmoeY2Pve0k1qnBTYoCrITkqK5cQLzdkQazuIzv0qeG4LZPRhQf7pGFwoyFv_BglRWe-oOdFplN-YqZIh6tukX7D-Ea1zQ610LMeeZeJZZsK9uyj3e844V0-fzeHrvYWx54NpgMX2qvzgcGJIEcQqn_UvRQzyOP5M4UESIcWoYKlK3Tjg/w400-h296/P3110710-1.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><blockquote><i>Here</i> Lie the Remains of JOHN WILLIAMS late a Captain in the Corps of U. S. Marines. Was born in Stafford County Virginia the 24th August 1763 and died on the 29th September, 1812, at Camp New Hope, in East Florida. </blockquote>And continues on to tell the story of the ambush at Twelve Mile Swamp on Sept. 11, 1812.<br /><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhi6weysHOlgTAcU8u3q31rvFXSEMQWGr5n1-WfZgc3C_Ak9IAMKy_7WN75UD0PM2GOoUBdqR_H4ljWHX_A4PaLNs4MZGHZVOinP-QSnv7_0IsLjhjC82TkdbbcLD0AZ5YcBzN8itz98WMf7v4z83beNkCOVYa4Vk0vZyEkPuADigrqO1mgvdXgyBZfyA/s4000/P3110701-2.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3000" data-original-width="4000" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhi6weysHOlgTAcU8u3q31rvFXSEMQWGr5n1-WfZgc3C_Ak9IAMKy_7WN75UD0PM2GOoUBdqR_H4ljWHX_A4PaLNs4MZGHZVOinP-QSnv7_0IsLjhjC82TkdbbcLD0AZ5YcBzN8itz98WMf7v4z83beNkCOVYa4Vk0vZyEkPuADigrqO1mgvdXgyBZfyA/w640-h480/P3110701-2.jpg" width="640" /></a></div></div></div><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><blockquote>On the 11<sup>th</sup> September 1812, Capt. WILLIAMS on his
march with a Command of 20 Men to Davis Creek Block House in East Florida, was
attacked toward evening by upwards of 50 Indians & Negroes, who lay
concealed in the woods. He instantly gave battle; gallantly supported by his
Men who, inspired by his animating example, fought “as long as they had a
cartridge left.” At length, bleeding under eight galling wounds and unable to
stand, he was carried off the battle ground, whilst his heroic little Band,
pressed by superior numbers was forced to retreat.</blockquote><o:p></o:p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgN23-IHtqt6YJQoifbYBVQuXVOIv6YedjgXqF1uXMSzPMVzlDNZyJOEI06sX2Yo3LwoRTeCg6wO85sZBoU9Vdb3MKH95d63hRe-F5kj_r8AXz5wOOf8PSJfvZvEXeGvOvNBKY4sgDpkaG3VZEcRvlzRdqZK8Do95Eydp2kgzLmkssd7AG1m7ZjDehyKQ/s3904/P3110713-2.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2928" data-original-width="3904" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgN23-IHtqt6YJQoifbYBVQuXVOIv6YedjgXqF1uXMSzPMVzlDNZyJOEI06sX2Yo3LwoRTeCg6wO85sZBoU9Vdb3MKH95d63hRe-F5kj_r8AXz5wOOf8PSJfvZvEXeGvOvNBKY4sgDpkaG3VZEcRvlzRdqZK8Do95Eydp2kgzLmkssd7AG1m7ZjDehyKQ/w640-h480/P3110713-2.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><blockquote>Eminently characterised by cool intrepidity Capt. WILLIAMS evinced during this short by severe contest, those military requisites which qualify the Officer for command and if his sphere of action was too limited to attract the admiration of the World, it was sufficiently expanded to crown him with the approbation of his Country; and to afford to his Brethren in arms, an example as highly useful, as his exit has sealed with honor the life of a PATRIOT SOLDIER.</blockquote></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQNYHLYZmCrx-WR6uoLVoJ69Kl5PG7fJtZNbJXf40xedcAdzcs31rJwbNT8gbdCNBPwE5W2CZA3yPr4ErcSu94GIVYZTyOLBu-8jf-WYL7SmLk7S8J09DKK1FSbynw5HNCBSOx3LWk0nT7HQSmI5Sjx4ygN-J00eFA2cKQUlQpwHgp5BvpfQzvDeQB_Q/s3880/P3110716-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3880" data-original-width="2910" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQNYHLYZmCrx-WR6uoLVoJ69Kl5PG7fJtZNbJXf40xedcAdzcs31rJwbNT8gbdCNBPwE5W2CZA3yPr4ErcSu94GIVYZTyOLBu-8jf-WYL7SmLk7S8J09DKK1FSbynw5HNCBSOx3LWk0nT7HQSmI5Sjx4ygN-J00eFA2cKQUlQpwHgp5BvpfQzvDeQB_Q/w480-h640/P3110716-1.jpg" width="480" /></a></div><div style="text-align: left;"><p class="MsoNormal"></p><blockquote>The body of the deceased was removed to this spot over which
his Brother Officers of the Marine Corps have caused this Pile to be erected in
testimony of his worth, and of their mournful admiration. </blockquote><o:p></o:p><p></p></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">The Patriot War was not just another filibustering expedition. It was authorized by President Madison and by the Congress in “a joint secret resolution”. As <a href="http://landmarks.allenbrowne.info/SwampAmbush1812/waterhouse.htm" target="_blank">Col. Waterhouse</a> explains, “Williams and his detachment had come to East Florida to join an expedition intent on annexing the Spanish province, out of fears that the British would use Florida as an advance base for an invasion, and that escaped slaves would inspire insurrection in the southern states.” </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><a href="https://www.arlingtoncemetery.net/jwill.htm" target="_blank">Michael Robert Patterson at ANC</a> expands on that.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><blockquote>In the year 1811, Marines commanded by Captain John Williams operated with the Navy, Army, and Georgia volunteers in East Florida, participating in the so-called Patriots' War. Although Florida was at the time a Spanish possession, the United States Government feared that Great Britain was about to take possession of East Florida. The situation was complicated by the fact that our non importation laws had resulted in a considerable smuggling trade of British goods from East Florida into Georgia. Amelia Island, off the coast of Florida, was being used as the major haven for the smugglers. </blockquote></div><div style="text-align: left;">The navy's bare-bones description of the Battle in its <a href="http://landmarks.allenbrowne.info/SwampAmbush1812/CR/CasualtyReport.htm" target="_blank">casualty report</a> goes this way:</div><div><blockquote style="text-align: left;">Marines escorting a convoy of supply wagons ambushed by an irregular force of Native Americans and African Americans in Twelve Mile Swamp near St. John's, East Florida, 11 Sep. 1812 . Marine Corps KIA 2, Marine Corps WIA 7.</blockquote><div style="text-align: left;">The defenders of Spanish East Florida in this battle were local militia commanded by <a href="https://projects.kora.matrix.msu.edu/files/16-23-101309/Juan_Bautista_Big_Prince_Whitten_AANB.pdf" target="_blank">Prince Witten</a>. As Gene Allen Smith put it, “Prince commanded the local black militia when they won the most important engagement of the Patriot War in September 1812, and by doing so, he achieved the unique distinction of becoming a black officer.” (<u>The Slaves Gamble</u>, Page 61.)</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">Col. Charles H. Waterhouse in his 1985 book <a href="http://landmarks.allenbrowne.info/SwampAmbush1812/waterhouse.htm" target="_blank">Marines in the Frigate Navy</a> gives us a dramatic illustration of the Swamp Ambush and the wounding of Capt. Williams.</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZ38xM5cDOOSIVz90_qysxbtcSxdar99UytOuP81RTyargYYG4Zmv_5HwriUTWXjSjotlb115ydEOQD5Gr6aMLI3b3QHnH_KehZlNNShHyr3Ptx913WAVO2KcB9p2NujL26yvgYHrF2ohowYBw6zdTotoGjJCn-G21s4Z2fDKeF_vv5tr9b2GSocJReQ/s3852/SwampAmbush-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2594" data-original-width="3852" height="430" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZ38xM5cDOOSIVz90_qysxbtcSxdar99UytOuP81RTyargYYG4Zmv_5HwriUTWXjSjotlb115ydEOQD5Gr6aMLI3b3QHnH_KehZlNNShHyr3Ptx913WAVO2KcB9p2NujL26yvgYHrF2ohowYBw6zdTotoGjJCn-G21s4Z2fDKeF_vv5tr9b2GSocJReQ/w640-h430/SwampAmbush-1.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><p style="text-align: left;">Here's Waterhouse's map locating the 12 Mile Swamp, Davis Creek blockhouse and the St. John's river.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiDb0d4fd91GXS01q5wktUhtT5v3TriabUdaL3BISY715_TZWn1a2aUbO1PVPdwiILOmFWwaQvIDHYQ5njmiJtMyDNHsngOZCj_c-Lt4DUyGvKmzABFlzByqdPzCplFkuCIsNjXTElNaaJZpxqAcL6pJVVJ4nH4GYO-IlrkwuPShJdy6F_lHJWrLoOgqg/s2397/SwampAmbush-Map.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1533" data-original-width="2397" height="256" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiDb0d4fd91GXS01q5wktUhtT5v3TriabUdaL3BISY715_TZWn1a2aUbO1PVPdwiILOmFWwaQvIDHYQ5njmiJtMyDNHsngOZCj_c-Lt4DUyGvKmzABFlzByqdPzCplFkuCIsNjXTElNaaJZpxqAcL6pJVVJ4nH4GYO-IlrkwuPShJdy6F_lHJWrLoOgqg/w400-h256/SwampAmbush-Map.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><p style="text-align: left;">Captain Williams described his wounds in <a href="http://landmarks.allenbrowne.info/SwampAmbush1812/WilliamsLetter/Intelligencer.htm" target="_blank">a letter to his commanding officer, Lieut. Col. F. Wharton</a>. “My right leg is broke, my right hand shot through with three balls, my left arm broke, my left leg shot through, a ball in my left thigh, near the groin; another through the lower part of my body, which renders me altogether helpless.” He ends his letter on this up-beat note. “You may suppose that I am in a dreadful situation, though I yet hope I shall recover in a few months.”</p><p style="text-align: left;">Major McClellan says that when Williams died on Sept. 29 he became the second Marine Corps officer killed in action since the American Revolution. (<a href="http://landmarks.allenbrowne.info/SwampAmbush1812/Ambuscade.htm#40" target="_blank">McClellan, footnote 40</a>.) Marine officers were ordered by Lt Col. Wharton to wear black crepe on their left arm and on the hilt of their swords for a month in honor of Captain Williams. (See <a href="http://landmarks.allenbrowne.info/SwampAmbush1812/Ambuscade.htm#41" target="_blank">McClellan, footnote 41</a>.)</p><p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://landmarks.allenbrowne.info/SwampAmbush1812/waterhouse.htm" target="_blank">Waterhouse</a> ends his vivid verbal description of the action with this reflection.</p><div style="text-align: left;"><blockquote>The ambush in Twelve-Mile Swamp and Marine Captain John Williams' subsequent death proved to be the catalyst which brought an end to an ill-conceived and diplomatically embarrassing American scheme to annex Spanish East Florida by force.</blockquote></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg07owQVkQSBwoz6rYwVnU1avsie-jBs662axNY3iVhdjcRsVgjv2fUmCmkRCN7HK8n9EiRYXiA0l1Oee6FW2wST8_NyMMjcc2DdOgDtgUb5TFVOYBuFZs-CKV6mjtUR1z90fjxOEUR3cSMyUY0yodpb3w42AmO0j7lqDi7Dc8KmaheMS-WJIKrQkqM9A/s2032/SwampAmbush-Detail.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1524" data-original-width="2032" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg07owQVkQSBwoz6rYwVnU1avsie-jBs662axNY3iVhdjcRsVgjv2fUmCmkRCN7HK8n9EiRYXiA0l1Oee6FW2wST8_NyMMjcc2DdOgDtgUb5TFVOYBuFZs-CKV6mjtUR1z90fjxOEUR3cSMyUY0yodpb3w42AmO0j7lqDi7Dc8KmaheMS-WJIKrQkqM9A/w640-h480/SwampAmbush-Detail.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><p style="text-align: left;">Williams' body was buried by his men in Georgia and subsequently moved from “a deserted cemetery at St. Marys, Ga.” to Arlington in 1904 along with his eloquent headstone. He was re-interred with military honors in August of 1904. (See <a href="http://landmarks.allenbrowne.info/SwampAmbush1812/HerotoRest.htm" target="_blank"><u>The Washington Times</u>, July 7, 1904</a>, <a href="http://landmarks.allenbrowne.info/SwampAmbush1812/WillRest.htm" target="_blank"><u>The Washington Post</u>, July 8, 1904</a> and McClellan, <a href="http://landmarks.allenbrowne.info/SwampAmbush1812/Ambuscade.htm#41" target="_blank">footnote 41</a>.)</p><p style="text-align: left;">Don't miss Project Past's YouTube video on the Ambush at Twelve Mile Swamp.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/1mpk84CJVbI" width="320" youtube-src-id="1mpk84CJVbI"></iframe></div><br /><p style="text-align: left;">Note: East Florida came to the U.S. via the Adams-Onis Treaty of 1819 and by 1822 it would be part of the Territory of Florida, which became the 27th state in 1845. Florida seceded from the Union in 1861 and returned to the U.S. in 1868. </p><p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://landmarks.allenbrowne.info/SwampAmbush1812/" target="_blank">Some Bibliography</a></p></div></div>Allen Brownehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02871983840550191787noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2073838520097258789.post-47965284393495943882023-03-01T10:18:00.067-05:002023-09-05T17:41:55.071-04:00Bleak House<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjmDr0bv0Me0aShsgLgtD6k-P94oUPxyko2i5NrRnzbMmM6Kyy1Ri7bBp1IiUpFEXBLvJTqkr2D2QIFQtOl_f6zTZ5wXLfES8UHGYeV0WR636qiGwikP9kMtI8QJA9PcavKTVsAdR4GMUvDeTDeBq3CMU3yGu5ot8zCpPPFxAIE33fon3IpWOXoD-odpA/s1008/BleakHouse-2.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1008" data-original-width="756" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjmDr0bv0Me0aShsgLgtD6k-P94oUPxyko2i5NrRnzbMmM6Kyy1Ri7bBp1IiUpFEXBLvJTqkr2D2QIFQtOl_f6zTZ5wXLfES8UHGYeV0WR636qiGwikP9kMtI8QJA9PcavKTVsAdR4GMUvDeTDeBq3CMU3yGu5ot8zCpPPFxAIE33fon3IpWOXoD-odpA/w480-h640/BleakHouse-2.jpg" width="480" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;">The Country home of Alexander R. Shepherd</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div style="text-align: left;"><br />All that remains of Bleak House is a 3-car garage in an alleyway.</div><span><a name='more'></a></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQxkRydjmp3mKtGe9Fnq5WvlkCbkvrdOe8iZU-3mkPqeRHWlRGXCd2_6wX1qIc-VXz02OE87-PfnnPuU3vn_77D9qa8NquMfod8GlDSuvjRI43ADEpjc5GLP0ZUlxcS4G-H_8_1-fALRedksJ-9dlDagD8iOJ_ykiXGtEAtBOMLE6D3fPCGA1KBTPkOg/s1298/BleakHouse-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1011" data-original-width="1298" height="498" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQxkRydjmp3mKtGe9Fnq5WvlkCbkvrdOe8iZU-3mkPqeRHWlRGXCd2_6wX1qIc-VXz02OE87-PfnnPuU3vn_77D9qa8NquMfod8GlDSuvjRI43ADEpjc5GLP0ZUlxcS4G-H_8_1-fALRedksJ-9dlDagD8iOJ_ykiXGtEAtBOMLE6D3fPCGA1KBTPkOg/w640-h498/BleakHouse-1.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><p>Bleak House was at the center of what is today the Shepherd Park neighborhood in northwest Washington, DC. <a href="http://landmarks.allenbrowne.info/BleakHouse/Goode/" target="_blank">Goode 1979</a>, describes the house as “the wooden Italianate, mansarded country home of Gov. Alexander R. Shepherd.” Wikipedia identifies Shepherd this way:</p><blockquote>Alexander Robey Shepherd (January 30, 1835 – September 12, 1902), was one of the most controversial and influential civic leaders in the history of Washington, D.C., and one of the most powerful big-city political bosses of the Gilded Age. He was head of the DC Board of Public Works from 1871 to 1873 and Governor of the District of Columbia from 1873 to 1874. He is known, particularly in Washington, as "The Father of Modern Washington." </blockquote><p>See The Portrait Gallery for a look at <a href="https://allencbrowne.blogspot.com/2022/04/alexander-robey-shepherd.html" target="_blank">Alexander Robey Shepherd</a>.</p><p>John P. Richardson, in his 2016 biography notes that Alexander Shepherd and his wife Mary (Mary Grice Young Shepherd) built the house in 1867. </p><blockquote><p>In 1867, when Alexander and Mary Shepherd decided to build an out of-town home for their growing family, they returned to the vicinity of the old family farm in the county north of Rock Creek Cemetery. Consistent with his new wealth and embrace of conspicuous consumption, Shepherd built an elegant house that the family named “Bleak House” from the title of the Charles Dickens novel the children were reading at the time. A family account described the approximately 260 acres as the highest spot in the District, with old apple trees, meadows, and woodland running back to Rock Creek.40 The Second Empire–style wooden main house was one of the showplaces of this remote suburban district and considered large in its time. The estate contained a bowling alley and gymnasium, a barn and overseer’s house, as well as trout ponds and a cherry orchard. The formal entrance to Bleak House was a stone porter’s lodge on Seventh Street Road (today Georgia Avenue) at some distance from the residence. Bleak House was to hold many memories— both happy and sad— for the Shepherd family.</p><p>Daughter Grace Shepherd Merchant later described Bleak House as meaning much more to the family than the mansion Shepherd later built on Farragut Square. -- <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=N6vrDAAAQBAJ&lpg=PT55&ots=3byr0dCj_1&dq=Bleak%20House%20Gate%20House%20Georgia%20Avenue&pg=PT55#v=onepage&q=Bleak%20House%20Gate%20House%20Georgia%20Avenue&f=false" target="_blank">Richardson, 2016, Chapter 3, Pages 52-53</a>.</p></blockquote><p>The house on Farragut Square mentioned above is the towered left-most of the three town houses in what was called “Shepherd Row” at Connecticut Ave. and K Street, where Farragut North metro station is today.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLi2ZEgw253VNcJ9aFXnfMilqrWsomIpcOaCOQbNvH3284Lkp_mJ5sGFXtxywi0JFX22U8rjLuBtf1-XzTOZgJthbkTQphCKsklvn0zcuAGHV8vWasNJoD65TyZ0nKFoG_8wWkaa_oN7tvcH0GopqdFK7x_xNsj3j-IwFNwtazoyFWyBGi-1mVyLov7g/s1600/Shepherd'sRow.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1248" data-original-width="1600" height="313" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLi2ZEgw253VNcJ9aFXnfMilqrWsomIpcOaCOQbNvH3284Lkp_mJ5sGFXtxywi0JFX22U8rjLuBtf1-XzTOZgJthbkTQphCKsklvn0zcuAGHV8vWasNJoD65TyZ0nKFoG_8wWkaa_oN7tvcH0GopqdFK7x_xNsj3j-IwFNwtazoyFWyBGi-1mVyLov7g/w400-h313/Shepherd'sRow.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">On Baist's 1907 Washington real-estate map (<a href="https://www.loc.gov/resource/g3851bm.gct00132c/?sp=26&st=image" target="_blank">Vol. 4, Plate 22</a>), we can see Bleak House in square 2776 shown as the home of Homer B. Parsons. Then future 14th Street and Alaska avenue are sketched-in pointing us toward the location of Bleak House.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhA-xTHJ3p5rTxNwjvDTqqPC8MpWWHUi29XLabEBJInshKsZwIK_Ye6yTyx-xXo1Cdpv3hldq2I_85zv0qaWSzClHShbZeD_LA0lSiWE1iP7Dd__HPTVINa79dMdAS2vpJ4CQgoRt6uiknFxW7uXKftF66f2uYvyaT3iRkrcXNansgZENG-4CAw00ZecQ/s6423/2776-Parsons-Labeled-Highlighted.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3772" data-original-width="6423" height="376" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhA-xTHJ3p5rTxNwjvDTqqPC8MpWWHUi29XLabEBJInshKsZwIK_Ye6yTyx-xXo1Cdpv3hldq2I_85zv0qaWSzClHShbZeD_LA0lSiWE1iP7Dd__HPTVINa79dMdAS2vpJ4CQgoRt6uiknFxW7uXKftF66f2uYvyaT3iRkrcXNansgZENG-4CAw00ZecQ/w640-h376/2776-Parsons-Labeled-Highlighted.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://www.loc.gov/resource/g3851bm.gct00132c/?sp=26&r=0.053,0.083,0.329,0.196,0" target="_blank">Baist Map 1907 (detail)</a></div><p><a href="http://landmarks.allenbrowne.info/BleakHouse/TheRambler/" target="_blank">The Rambler</a>, Harry Shannon, visited Bleak House just before it was torn down in 1916. He found the 260 acre estate reduced to 4 acres. “Bleak House and its garden is bounded by four new streets. Alaska avenue on the east. Holly street on the north. Geranium street on the south and 14th street on the west.” </p><p style="text-align: center;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHd8o8GTme4PG7z9idvY9T01km64MOFMSqJgkT6zMAImb9I10g5npMcC8hU4DkAd5qXMBTeSrpEnsZ0J2zMScipRvxYBFMpTzsOn8wZoADfAlKPHWpl3ttpBd8APsl2j0YMjgQfuYCvJsd3aVid0BKEctzTnTHIjq8cIlBBHd8z5dNREph8p6MTDjoxA/w400-h297/BleakHouse-TheRamberl.jpg" /></p><div style="text-align: center;">Bleak House, The Home of Alexander R. Shepherd, Off Georgia Avenue.</div><p>I've outlined in red the block occupied by Bleak House (square 2776) on this <a href="http://landmarks.allenbrowne.info/BleakHouse/16thStreetHeights/" target="_blank">1911 map of “16th Street Heights”</a> the development that preceded Shepherd Park. Since the streets that were prospective in 1911, and still new in 1916, are still there, this gives us the location of Bleak House, in modern terms. Since the house faced east, we'd say it occupied the 7400 block of Alaska Avenue.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNHGmfEsG77qNSt2BbQ9OswnP44d3i8V9DMZ_OiBSg207SfvUMwztCg-YWqleYtkLPCEWjm7UJVl0EwiuNNzpvYN4d71U8IL0PVjQfBBGv63aI815hb9oKkSjQAvn6YpfgAgG57JNfVhZCg4aHWUoNBqgE2BXXscknvIoqqsGGCV_nJFl42HaEMpF8zQ/s5199/SixteenthStreetHeights-Map.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="4729" data-original-width="5199" height="582" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNHGmfEsG77qNSt2BbQ9OswnP44d3i8V9DMZ_OiBSg207SfvUMwztCg-YWqleYtkLPCEWjm7UJVl0EwiuNNzpvYN4d71U8IL0PVjQfBBGv63aI815hb9oKkSjQAvn6YpfgAgG57JNfVhZCg4aHWUoNBqgE2BXXscknvIoqqsGGCV_nJFl42HaEMpF8zQ/w640-h582/SixteenthStreetHeights-Map.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjc2hWU0TNoiNXFHOQWofFQB5eevUBXB_w1MvH-DdyyxtYgFZ7SArKfWl9JdOF7_wPDZuumkVrIPde5OAp1VyVfObNKlE79gc31_PU4-qCR04TTd6VtZbLPqbkL4YTq8Jzpvbtt_TYMsgyGMl4h6C5i1Q4Nk-xg49k3HMcsLsplboCuU3lty7N4eCyHRQ/s2800/Shepherd%20Mansion.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2017" data-original-width="2800" height="289" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjc2hWU0TNoiNXFHOQWofFQB5eevUBXB_w1MvH-DdyyxtYgFZ7SArKfWl9JdOF7_wPDZuumkVrIPde5OAp1VyVfObNKlE79gc31_PU4-qCR04TTd6VtZbLPqbkL4YTq8Jzpvbtt_TYMsgyGMl4h6C5i1Q4Nk-xg49k3HMcsLsplboCuU3lty7N4eCyHRQ/w400-h289/Shepherd%20Mansion.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">Baist's 1919 map shows square 2776 subdivided after Bleak House was torn down.</div><p><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjMQmY3tfp5XeEU_sEOtTT_ilYWo7c8rpwKobGuNpky66usq8DV02a5w0yAdHo-uK5Ugcf0uhvWPCli1dVgFY-E7k6kgjEZd6gv2E1xlGkpK6kfc53Tn0B8T0FIC7hNbjFroGD_3q7G8_0CGDcX5zzVt2GXA37wO38QKc5pZeOU9Gl1ZUN1G1yvVno6hQ/s1934/2776-Labeled.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="701" data-original-width="1934" height="232" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjMQmY3tfp5XeEU_sEOtTT_ilYWo7c8rpwKobGuNpky66usq8DV02a5w0yAdHo-uK5Ugcf0uhvWPCli1dVgFY-E7k6kgjEZd6gv2E1xlGkpK6kfc53Tn0B8T0FIC7hNbjFroGD_3q7G8_0CGDcX5zzVt2GXA37wO38QKc5pZeOU9Gl1ZUN1G1yvVno6hQ/w640-h232/2776-Labeled.jpg" width="640" /></a></p><p style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://www.loc.gov/resource/g3851bm.gct00135c/?sp=25&st=image&r=0.139,0.081,0.231,0.137,0" target="_blank">Baist Map 1919 (detail)</a></p><p>Richard Hage in<u> </u><a href="https://assets.nationbuilder.com/spca/pages/115/attachments/original/1583694898/oct2007.pdf?1583694898#page=4" target="_blank">Shepherd Park News (Nov/Oct 2007)</a> nails down the location of Bleak House, “at the rear of what are now the lots for 1321 and 1325 Geranium Streets and extended into the alley.” Beth Allaben's map shows the location clearly and relates it to the Carriage House behind 1332 Holly.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-t5KbycUT_gDhfGyScsRTU2XwcKvoIRJKwW4bDguheTJkEPZozTHIsqMJe6i18-FE2BMPxdX-7mMtN4lPk0SeqZpoaL8zurHIdscuZf834pXTSBYs-RcQPfyXt_n9nBsgGhhbZFocaEOuNIFtVqnPSOgVE1LlVmC985qpBGjF9WTiRW7oKhcOMF6XyQ/s1372/BleakhouseMap-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="904" data-original-width="1372" height="264" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-t5KbycUT_gDhfGyScsRTU2XwcKvoIRJKwW4bDguheTJkEPZozTHIsqMJe6i18-FE2BMPxdX-7mMtN4lPk0SeqZpoaL8zurHIdscuZf834pXTSBYs-RcQPfyXt_n9nBsgGhhbZFocaEOuNIFtVqnPSOgVE1LlVmC985qpBGjF9WTiRW7oKhcOMF6XyQ/w400-h264/BleakhouseMap-1.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><p>So, the rear of 1321 Geranium sits today where the front of Bleak House sat. When I snapped this photo I was standing in the alley at what had been the north corner, of Bleak House.</p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiDMduPFjo9aT2ps26Bt45avbW9aVbAtNOH9WPaNYifntRUW84z3pNmEU_Hp5plohCJZhMbKKZXEJcHJ-d-7YGklomdYepjz-dksW0L_HAjRWRj1anTxsKMbIEOF_WKLY9R3jTrcQ8Pki12lLViM5VM6iixfEvL6LelYGYdzXE00JiX6LCrb4F0HqNf0zI9/s4032/IMG_7133-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="4032" data-original-width="3024" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiDMduPFjo9aT2ps26Bt45avbW9aVbAtNOH9WPaNYifntRUW84z3pNmEU_Hp5plohCJZhMbKKZXEJcHJ-d-7YGklomdYepjz-dksW0L_HAjRWRj1anTxsKMbIEOF_WKLY9R3jTrcQ8Pki12lLViM5VM6iixfEvL6LelYGYdzXE00JiX6LCrb4F0HqNf0zI9/w480-h640/IMG_7133-1.jpg" width="480" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">Rear view of 1321 Geranium Street.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjXYtSKOg9-4WgPW9ANmU7D7DR-9XJa4rN12AUuGaG-OtXLuExa-tijKPgN_VYA4HLZgI-ECQpiJAT2SC7jc1ujibnvak_1ULPKUwe29JGjyjb_mB8noAzssXv5YAyUFtfJ5x5q-EnjS77PhgXI2Zi1KMeLfbwe0t0llKV_PeAAxEAILTOLjte-Rui5e0JG/s4032/IMG_7143-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="4032" data-original-width="3024" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjXYtSKOg9-4WgPW9ANmU7D7DR-9XJa4rN12AUuGaG-OtXLuExa-tijKPgN_VYA4HLZgI-ECQpiJAT2SC7jc1ujibnvak_1ULPKUwe29JGjyjb_mB8noAzssXv5YAyUFtfJ5x5q-EnjS77PhgXI2Zi1KMeLfbwe0t0llKV_PeAAxEAILTOLjte-Rui5e0JG/w480-h640/IMG_7143-1.jpg" width="480" /></a></div><div style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;">Posted No Trespassing</div><br /><div>The original entrance to the estate from the 7th Street Road, later Brightwood Avenue and now Georgia Avenue, was marked by an ornate porter's lodge at what would become the northwest corner of Elder Street and Georgia Avenue. It's shown in red on the 1907 Baist map above.<p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgxYiIwXzwli3neGLGyLYuOL_Q3yZuj56i546AoutOTrSPLtUNSmLkLcW-XyC-UpeC45f1l2lUH1WefUH8wTNimGzsl5hHS0WyP379FdomXvO-ZmgM0tnHV7hyy1CxakJns6-scVL63Q0IfL51KuVQno7g__bE6tyy1RLDCCjL1ajcVXYd9uHRrQrLlig/s3546/BH-Porter'sLodge.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2697" data-original-width="3546" height="304" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgxYiIwXzwli3neGLGyLYuOL_Q3yZuj56i546AoutOTrSPLtUNSmLkLcW-XyC-UpeC45f1l2lUH1WefUH8wTNimGzsl5hHS0WyP379FdomXvO-ZmgM0tnHV7hyy1CxakJns6-scVL63Q0IfL51KuVQno7g__bE6tyy1RLDCCjL1ajcVXYd9uHRrQrLlig/w400-h304/BH-Porter'sLodge.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><p><a href="http://landmarks.allenbrowne.info/BleakHouse/Goode/" target="_blank">Goode</a> describes the architecture of “this delightful service building.”</p><p></p><blockquote> The entrance porch and door itself reflect the Gothic Cottage taste of the pre-Civil War period, while the slender chamfered piers, which supported the lacy gable, hint at the stick style then coming into vogue. The rough ashlar walls meld well with the lodge's rustic setting. The mansard and hood-molded dormers, however, were the only features that unified the lodge with the design of the main house.</blockquote><p></p><p>The lodge's location became the northeast corner of the property that until recently was Walter Reed Army Medical Center. In 2023 it is a construction site. </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQHq20YYY6j5KWRSbRjUIoxd2qhuSMJk_hPqmnGRY38Sd2pz8PIi3cZSpX8wnugLrTka2nvKZN4U6gD1914QhaTf36Dok_eQSjYRhz4S7hHZ8VkX-V-GAgkxeba6fUjdLF9RIVZ8pQMzcwvTQm0h6mCrl3-sQHFeQ1aK-bX-LdPHyOY69SrP88LC6txg/s4032/IMG_5339-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3024" data-original-width="4032" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQHq20YYY6j5KWRSbRjUIoxd2qhuSMJk_hPqmnGRY38Sd2pz8PIi3cZSpX8wnugLrTka2nvKZN4U6gD1914QhaTf36Dok_eQSjYRhz4S7hHZ8VkX-V-GAgkxeba6fUjdLF9RIVZ8pQMzcwvTQm0h6mCrl3-sQHFeQ1aK-bX-LdPHyOY69SrP88LC6txg/w400-h300/IMG_5339-1.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;">Georgia Avenue and Elder Street.</div><p>Another driveway descended from Georgia Avenue north of Bleak House which can be seen on the 1907 Baist map above. <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/place/Shepherd+Rd+NW,+Washington,+DC+20012/@38.9817548,-77.0320861" target="_blank">Shepherd Road NW</a> is the remnant of that northern driveway.</p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiPzQL9KWIPYLVW17NWPJCqrPdVOq-oMLXJTp9wh1l1rma6dNGSyzEDVtIeE7A1J2ZDnN3ks_bxLWqIm90QoC766rlWLDsAfOFqtFYE23bmJ1KVDV-LesokBFQ1xFkDim-e717IqLFOFkcDnYq3RE5PMWNupdTk1pTSmd83dEh46Ev3ApjUrsHFl51_pw/s3780/IMG_4948-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2835" data-original-width="3780" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiPzQL9KWIPYLVW17NWPJCqrPdVOq-oMLXJTp9wh1l1rma6dNGSyzEDVtIeE7A1J2ZDnN3ks_bxLWqIm90QoC766rlWLDsAfOFqtFYE23bmJ1KVDV-LesokBFQ1xFkDim-e717IqLFOFkcDnYq3RE5PMWNupdTk1pTSmd83dEh46Ev3ApjUrsHFl51_pw/w400-h300/IMG_4948-1.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiAKLe6s7CCea1zU-9EU5kCXkQ0T70MVZi349QorV9PVSEZu9zmhArz1tSlWGzLg_PUueLIMsYkqeM8xNe4R0qzsnFs0oIgkhohcIJ6JRJGKzfQuQim51PahaFAe9-2wrH0jLI5GTNBDXvh2CfWl9iJDrFTFAeuIyemAZ3KoCOQl6srUoetbW5QqluRRQ/s3688/IMG_5064-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2766" data-original-width="3688" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiAKLe6s7CCea1zU-9EU5kCXkQ0T70MVZi349QorV9PVSEZu9zmhArz1tSlWGzLg_PUueLIMsYkqeM8xNe4R0qzsnFs0oIgkhohcIJ6JRJGKzfQuQim51PahaFAe9-2wrH0jLI5GTNBDXvh2CfWl9iJDrFTFAeuIyemAZ3KoCOQl6srUoetbW5QqluRRQ/w400-h300/IMG_5064-1.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br /><div>By 1919 the road was, as it is today, only a block long. </div><div><br /><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgWwjTpmMfGYpdcR-Pa1mkjlOhNtxOgghWjkgSkh1d1iyomX4_M7q5fGUsGnbvdtl1qRljaT3OufsFFQOeAeSIV0YEtMitGBqD1ecuuNsODQCx-ccMlfY6vTBBhzO76aY8HY9fc75yz2ctwEaztcXj6AVsEIcIxAu4iUCYNBML2fr0_aNWcSneB6OxS6Q/s1920/ShepherdStreet.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1920" data-original-width="1544" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgWwjTpmMfGYpdcR-Pa1mkjlOhNtxOgghWjkgSkh1d1iyomX4_M7q5fGUsGnbvdtl1qRljaT3OufsFFQOeAeSIV0YEtMitGBqD1ecuuNsODQCx-ccMlfY6vTBBhzO76aY8HY9fc75yz2ctwEaztcXj6AVsEIcIxAu4iUCYNBML2fr0_aNWcSneB6OxS6Q/w514-h640/ShepherdStreet.jpg" width="514" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://www.loc.gov/resource/g3851bm.gct00135c?sp=25&st=image&r=0.325,-0.003,0.231,0.137,0" target="_blank">Shepherd Road NW</a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://www.loc.gov/resource/g3851bm.gct00135c?sp=25&st=image&r=0.325,-0.003,0.231,0.137,0" target="_blank">on the 1919 Baist Map.</a></div><br />There are only 4 addresses on Shepherd Road -- 1124, 1126, 1128, and 1130 -- paired up in the two brick duplexes visible on the south side of the road. 1130 actually faces 12th street but has a Shepherd Road address.</div><div><br /></div><div>This is not the only Shepherd Road in Northwest Washington. As Eugene Meyer puts it, “<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/place/Shepherd+Rd+NW,+Washington,+DC+20011/@38.958032,-77.021601" target="_blank">Shepherd Road</a>, an alley off Missouri Avenue NW, is believed to have once been the lane leading to {Alexander Shepherd's} father's farm; Shepherd Street cuts across the District from Northwest to Northeast; and Shepherd Parkway SW dead-ends where his statue resides.” (<a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/magazine/1991/04/28/boss/f24b317c-f441-47af-af66-8b1509b78b54/" target="_blank"><u>Washington Post</u>, April 28, 1991</a>.)<p>All that remains of Bleak House is the Carriage House in the alley behind 1332 Holly Street (lot 27 on the 1919 Baist map above) belonging to Richard and Kathleen Hage. (See Richard Hage's article in the <a href="https://assets.nationbuilder.com/spca/pages/115/attachments/original/1583694898/oct2007.pdf?1583694898#page=4" target="_blank">Oct/Nov 2007 issue of <u>Shepherd Park New</u>s</a>, cited above.)</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhzxlXLWS7z3Yv98Fsh00e11NnJe160wv3Kofq1Fer6-HU783htiI6gwYvTOl0lZbBwTcdGHkwp46wupBLXUykok1qM9xFZ4bZPHQEQXY4u8_2qUVWKX5oxm6X_vpd1qHM6wIJJviotrjMd35shdA0ktJDSeMUTtqt5cK6SbOPFRfPGpJ90unyDUZuDiQ/s3664/IMG_5415-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2748" data-original-width="3664" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhzxlXLWS7z3Yv98Fsh00e11NnJe160wv3Kofq1Fer6-HU783htiI6gwYvTOl0lZbBwTcdGHkwp46wupBLXUykok1qM9xFZ4bZPHQEQXY4u8_2qUVWKX5oxm6X_vpd1qHM6wIJJviotrjMd35shdA0ktJDSeMUTtqt5cK6SbOPFRfPGpJ90unyDUZuDiQ/w400-h300/IMG_5415-1.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhUUFZziJHLGPFiJ5X--s6pzCvmoc9-UCIBAZN7cn3lJArpiWt_zzWDvheJ0deOua902AZACAwCjl5AiyrcI07uD--TL8arTTK-THFZ2NjEkLQF_wWt1-CYeiueCzulfI93Xzunv_rQbh1xieFGgneQ_WM-ObnFleNgAwlKySOaX-lsn41mZnyf1f759g/s3744/IMG_5438-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2808" data-original-width="3744" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhUUFZziJHLGPFiJ5X--s6pzCvmoc9-UCIBAZN7cn3lJArpiWt_zzWDvheJ0deOua902AZACAwCjl5AiyrcI07uD--TL8arTTK-THFZ2NjEkLQF_wWt1-CYeiueCzulfI93Xzunv_rQbh1xieFGgneQ_WM-ObnFleNgAwlKySOaX-lsn41mZnyf1f759g/w400-h300/IMG_5438-1.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;">The Carriage House of Bleak House.</span></div><br /><div><a href="http://landmarks.allenbrowne.info/BleakHouse/CarriageHouse/Williams.htm" target="_blank">Kim Williams</a> writes that “The site plan for a new house at 1332 Holly Street, filed in 1929, as part of its DC building permit, called for the retention of the ‘old stone carriage house to be used as garage on premises.’” The 3-car garage is identified as “The Carriage House of Bleak House” by a plaque on the door.</div><div><br /></div><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6SxW981kglPi6DYmBno3ASdlqprismkIZefyhAITENDzzFEze_RkiLN5cXBguDsACv_idS9bqYQnIIPqHpFBEo_Uc51yyqFblwCcI1OBLMlay48Otsplx18qgdAQAFvFO1vjGDfFfUsc3S9U_7Np8ww9cTrrkCB9PXYCjW-DRsrruLYz2UGkmRt3gWQ/s3000/IMG_5419-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3000" data-original-width="3000" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6SxW981kglPi6DYmBno3ASdlqprismkIZefyhAITENDzzFEze_RkiLN5cXBguDsACv_idS9bqYQnIIPqHpFBEo_Uc51yyqFblwCcI1OBLMlay48Otsplx18qgdAQAFvFO1vjGDfFfUsc3S9U_7Np8ww9cTrrkCB9PXYCjW-DRsrruLYz2UGkmRt3gWQ/w400-h400/IMG_5419-1.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;">The Carriage House of Bleak House</span></div></div><div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Estate of Alexander Robey Shepherd ca. 1868.</span></div> </div><div><a href="https://planning.dc.gov/sites/default/files/dc/sites/op/page_content/attachments/Ward%204%20Heritage%20Guide%20Final.pdf#page=64" target="_blank">The Ward 4 Heritage Guide</a> says this outbuilding was “Built before 1878, remaining building of the estate owned by Gov. Alexander ‘Boss’ Shepherd, the architect of the District’s infrastructure and its only governor.”</div><div><br /></div><div>The house at 1332 Holly (lot 27, square 2776) was designed for real estate agent E. W. Snoots by Luther R. Ray in 1929, at a cost of $16,000. See<a href="https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83045462/1929-05-11/ed-1/seq-18/" target="_blank"> <i>Architects Approve Plans for Projects</i> in the <u>Evening Star</u> May 11, 1929, page 18</a>. The Ward 4 Guide remarks that it was “Designed by Luther R. Ray in 1929, who was also the designer of several Little Tavern Shops.”</div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiFAhnJxmdljUv5CRjPEbyEYhNd9XoWjOi9316NzDctdaKRO26DD7MAneFyYMMCLHdxV-8HkRHRN9aY7V79A2NWdhKNIg5vBEyKhOQN6pA25q-O9Kki8RiVIMnlIbZjHlt94A9iYdh-sbbb9vUQbpJcb1dBU2A5_rqnsPAPsjedzuWB3gA0eQvoRiBW8g/s4032/IMG_5293-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="4032" data-original-width="3024" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiFAhnJxmdljUv5CRjPEbyEYhNd9XoWjOi9316NzDctdaKRO26DD7MAneFyYMMCLHdxV-8HkRHRN9aY7V79A2NWdhKNIg5vBEyKhOQN6pA25q-O9Kki8RiVIMnlIbZjHlt94A9iYdh-sbbb9vUQbpJcb1dBU2A5_rqnsPAPsjedzuWB3gA0eQvoRiBW8g/w480-h640/IMG_5293-1.jpg" width="480" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;">1332 Holly Street</span></div><div><br /></div>The ad below appeared in <a href="https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83045462/1929-09-28/ed-1/seq-21/" target="_blank"><u>The Evening Star</u>, November 2, 1929</a>.<div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0yVNDdKzhpx8GtTLfPYb8QW-hu2Uve_kVcQN7aRr7DT4gR6mMmGqSj7-uSpVip1yF58iN2wxNfFrfIauEPvUpQGH1A85MAMP17i-Iy2S7ILIGXEO9k4LkZQY0G8hMauGQ-hUkM7SSX0IwO2Wft4-mK38QgCkm7rxP-Pw0IraT8js-VVPS-xKwmJSuzg/s3144/1332-1926.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3144" data-original-width="1456" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0yVNDdKzhpx8GtTLfPYb8QW-hu2Uve_kVcQN7aRr7DT4gR6mMmGqSj7-uSpVip1yF58iN2wxNfFrfIauEPvUpQGH1A85MAMP17i-Iy2S7ILIGXEO9k4LkZQY0G8hMauGQ-hUkM7SSX0IwO2Wft4-mK38QgCkm7rxP-Pw0IraT8js-VVPS-xKwmJSuzg/w296-h640/1332-1926.jpg" width="296" /></a></div><div><br /></div>The text mentions the 3-car garage and Alexander Shepherd's house but does not connect them.</div><div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEipnjhvgNSO20XuNWJ5rhjFM_DwRdL2LbBaeXjywS49X_ulqrA1-nLKKmsSIDCEkLXe8xHKgCe3rjnrh3Z2O40vU1LvB1SnC-PNPPjJZB37WsTif4czMKV1REV7ULMQfO5Mi9vzjNiTtYcWefJrmhtUcFedIy98yWFaYGloHpK7UXPE5nuMr9itR_dmdg/s1258/1332-Holly-Snoots.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1154" data-original-width="1258" height="368" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEipnjhvgNSO20XuNWJ5rhjFM_DwRdL2LbBaeXjywS49X_ulqrA1-nLKKmsSIDCEkLXe8xHKgCe3rjnrh3Z2O40vU1LvB1SnC-PNPPjJZB37WsTif4czMKV1REV7ULMQfO5Mi9vzjNiTtYcWefJrmhtUcFedIy98yWFaYGloHpK7UXPE5nuMr9itR_dmdg/w400-h368/1332-Holly-Snoots.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">_______________________________________________</div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgPotJjVGqIqfWWwsHaEJ3XH0-HN13UPhYIwKwyM2xk7J2Jj35mtX3WhIjtt237BqYShPrpZV6biYkxHJ8XnaDrq774qICfaP7BX1rumfZYYU2lvOdheq2YHyVa-FM_VslI1ZHmbXWtEmxER4s13POK95X-txdCWKv197TsDdgSdqqit2Rx-fXVq7mroQ/s4032/IMG_5521-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3024" data-original-width="4032" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgPotJjVGqIqfWWwsHaEJ3XH0-HN13UPhYIwKwyM2xk7J2Jj35mtX3WhIjtt237BqYShPrpZV6biYkxHJ8XnaDrq774qICfaP7BX1rumfZYYU2lvOdheq2YHyVa-FM_VslI1ZHmbXWtEmxER4s13POK95X-txdCWKv197TsDdgSdqqit2Rx-fXVq7mroQ/w400-h300/IMG_5521-1.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Van View</span></div></div><div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;">[Not Bleak House]</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;">The Shepherd Mansion seemed to return from oblivion in 1963 when an article in the <u>Washington Post</u> Real-Estate section identified 7714 13th Street NW as “The Old Shepherd Mansion”. Ralph Fertig, sociologist, lawyer and civil rights activist, who lived at 7714 13th street in the 1960s mistakenly believed that his house had been Governor Shepherd's house. He passed that misinformation on to Post Real-Estate Editor John B. Willmann who wrote an article entitled “<a href="http://landmarks.allenbrowne.info/VanView/Post/" target="_blank">Gov. Shepherd Should See It Now</a>.” Fertig makes the same claim in his 2018 memoir <u><a href="http://landmarks.allenbrowne.info/VanView/Fertig" target="_blank">A Passion for Justice</a></u>. </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjVmkXloWiD2GA3rOpfeFs4mu4ij4oeha-qoXGmwNKusrI4EMJcg3V-TI4y1eepaISfPPdYdLB7Uad4CU84vL1Qp0xWQ54gXGybD4bvRyx_jFzoaFxe-eIJCoxp29s_LQ6Sa36k6KSLY5uH_2epSu-_ZZkydb96Q464m8YBVQoC1e0m7YsZrHc8qlImOA/s3624/IMG_0055-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3624" data-original-width="2718" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjVmkXloWiD2GA3rOpfeFs4mu4ij4oeha-qoXGmwNKusrI4EMJcg3V-TI4y1eepaISfPPdYdLB7Uad4CU84vL1Qp0xWQ54gXGybD4bvRyx_jFzoaFxe-eIJCoxp29s_LQ6Sa36k6KSLY5uH_2epSu-_ZZkydb96Q464m8YBVQoC1e0m7YsZrHc8qlImOA/w480-h640/IMG_0055-1.jpg" width="480" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">Seventy Seven Fourteen</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"> </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;">Actually, 7714 13th Street is Van View, another second-empire house built about the same time as Bleak House by Shepherd's neighbors John and Mary Van Riswick. It's on the <a href="http://landmarks.allenbrowne.info/VanView/" target="_blank">National Register of Historic Places</a>. </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgdctyEWyCp7XYih8HQywk-b4c2BIO_xwpb7lWOrAafpFw-WoE1bF4K0hUnBc9DV-fENnLznyzIVY1C6lz-5iFxHZgjks3Oua2-DoxC28ps55-fEXse1ByFRX6M_EDT4CaqRY-WBjV9JpWW8BSSxQc5iPnR_v-o5kZvpWP2QMnMDjWeyIL85f7gJHDFUg/s4032/IMG_0058-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="4032" data-original-width="3024" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgdctyEWyCp7XYih8HQywk-b4c2BIO_xwpb7lWOrAafpFw-WoE1bF4K0hUnBc9DV-fENnLznyzIVY1C6lz-5iFxHZgjks3Oua2-DoxC28ps55-fEXse1ByFRX6M_EDT4CaqRY-WBjV9JpWW8BSSxQc5iPnR_v-o5kZvpWP2QMnMDjWeyIL85f7gJHDFUg/w300-h400/IMG_0058-1.jpg" width="300" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">VANVIEW HOUSE</div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both;">A 1939 article in the Sunday Star about<a href="http://landmarks.allenbrowne.info//SilverSpring/Proctor/#Fenwick" target="_blank"> Silver Spring by John Claggett Proctor</a> included this photo of Van View sporting a front porch and a cupola. Proctor's address is off-by-one, a type of error familiar to us old programmers. </div></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjkG60AqVJVw7b1QDmyOk5mzBWV-ueR8kD1A9xG-Iqpj8_A3yieTMm_ANwUuMY9ByY46asn9VYOwHOX-sReO7wjKxsaorraaDdPVABsxLyfDjcGzG_i-S6G_YxaYJUfv1X2T8G_rHIOkrbFILnCTeIbYlcesF1FkK6o_ZmXp320bo5UarTo6CvwppcSIg/s1444/Fenwick-LambertHouse.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" target="_blank"><img border="0" data-original-height="1444" data-original-width="1239" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjkG60AqVJVw7b1QDmyOk5mzBWV-ueR8kD1A9xG-Iqpj8_A3yieTMm_ANwUuMY9ByY46asn9VYOwHOX-sReO7wjKxsaorraaDdPVABsxLyfDjcGzG_i-S6G_YxaYJUfv1X2T8G_rHIOkrbFILnCTeIbYlcesF1FkK6o_ZmXp320bo5UarTo6CvwppcSIg/w344-h400/Fenwick-LambertHouse.jpg" width="344" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">The Fenwick-Lambert home, </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">7713, Thirteenth street, N.W.</div></div></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br />Allen Brownehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02871983840550191787noreply@blogger.com3Alaska Avenue between Geranium and Holly Streets38.979776 -77.031491338.979358986698251 -77.032027741802978 38.980193013301751 -77.03095485819702tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2073838520097258789.post-1966709046420448242021-11-07T10:29:00.052-05:002024-01-30T07:59:34.912-05:00Henry Halleck's House<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgMFPBFJnCaATny_KMZSJuKux1uC2Mg8xYVixXRKfNBH6TXdZEWw-jRDr-a_M53UO5FFPLmjefUgj38ENReSKU8Ou-qyGV3m2Uq0NoZ3_d4avbDYYSm3_iLVBKH3M2zG9uNLV1HdsHpekDD/s2048/P2440807-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1537" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgMFPBFJnCaATny_KMZSJuKux1uC2Mg8xYVixXRKfNBH6TXdZEWw-jRDr-a_M53UO5FFPLmjefUgj38ENReSKU8Ou-qyGV3m2Uq0NoZ3_d4avbDYYSm3_iLVBKH3M2zG9uNLV1HdsHpekDD/w480-h640/P2440807-1.jpg" width="480" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">3238 R Street, Washington, DC</div><p><span></span></p><a name='more'></a><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjB3UUgSKLAJDaCdrZ4AuXu3ig89Wz4tYSI3WDo7JHReH4eZQLBfewvlAS8ApBk3Mfx0mQjF25y62Z2jFZl_1QMTy0HMTpT_Gt6Beq-OU8MmZLTyczPQilTSk0mH1YL_gzGP_NYB5PiOLX6/s2048/P2440754-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1536" data-original-width="2048" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjB3UUgSKLAJDaCdrZ4AuXu3ig89Wz4tYSI3WDo7JHReH4eZQLBfewvlAS8ApBk3Mfx0mQjF25y62Z2jFZl_1QMTy0HMTpT_Gt6Beq-OU8MmZLTyczPQilTSk0mH1YL_gzGP_NYB5PiOLX6/w400-h300/P2440754-1.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br />This house on R Street in Georgetown, known as Scott-Grant house or as Rousseau House, was the home of Major General Henry Halleck during the Civil War. The AIA describes it this way:<br /><blockquote>Almost bombastically Victorian, this pile nevertheless respects the District's classical bent enough to have a well-defined central axis on all three floors. Alabaman A. V. Scott, who built the place, had no use for the house during the Civil War and leased it to a variety of tenants. General Grant himself rented it one summer, hence the second half of the structure's name, but the most memorable lessee may have been Gen. Henry Walker Halleck. General Halleck earned the enmity of his neighbors by quartering enlisted men in the house, turning R Street into a drill field, and having the company bugler sound taps and reveille at dusk and dawn each day. -- <u>AIA Guide to the Architecture of Washington DC</u> by Christopher Weeks, 1974. </blockquote><p>General Halleck's middle name was "Wager" not "Walker." He was General-in-Chief of the Union Army from the spring of 1862 until the spring of 1864. </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjorUX488ALk94PSKRfe5vQBxDXbC640hxZJ-hrBidFJ-caY_d2QkbXzpF1YTWl198uqnINzfSTjo4ckN-u953Y5neoMaHY8UoxsjIG0api173EbmXOZo9g5Oiu6lHGFz6Y8tEL-J8l8WMv/s2048/GenHWHalleck.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1536" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjorUX488ALk94PSKRfe5vQBxDXbC640hxZJ-hrBidFJ-caY_d2QkbXzpF1YTWl198uqnINzfSTjo4ckN-u953Y5neoMaHY8UoxsjIG0api173EbmXOZo9g5Oiu6lHGFz6Y8tEL-J8l8WMv/w480-h640/GenHWHalleck.jpg" width="480" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;">Major General Henry W. Halleck</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">Currier and Ives, in this print belonging to the <a href="https://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2001697053/" target="_blank">Library of Congress</a>, portrayed Halleck looking uncharacteristically like Napoleon.</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg9cMQYsdl8or3_3AwANC9xwE3uffoVnwHk6KSB6hEEH7sC-6jn0eXOskCrDoCHp5TPEiVSnjWV4R6PxyyhrKYljKErmrQ86b8ij67NHUlLaZf0LBRwxJxiGycWqsn6f1AFtAUVcRmWBjz5/s2048/MajorGenl_HenryWHalleck-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1458" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg9cMQYsdl8or3_3AwANC9xwE3uffoVnwHk6KSB6hEEH7sC-6jn0eXOskCrDoCHp5TPEiVSnjWV4R6PxyyhrKYljKErmrQ86b8ij67NHUlLaZf0LBRwxJxiGycWqsn6f1AFtAUVcRmWBjz5/w456-h640/MajorGenl_HenryWHalleck-1.jpg" width="456" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">Major Genˡ. Henry W. Halleck</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">General in Chief of the Armies of the U.S.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">July 1862</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">Halleck, nick-named “Old Brains”, was more a military bureaucrat than a lead-from-the-front general. However, Halleck did translate and annotate Jomini's <u><a href="https://archive.org/details/lifeofnapoleon01jomiiala/page/n3/mode/2up" target="_blank">Life of Napoleon</a> </u>on shipboard travelling to Monterey during the Mexican War.</div><div style="text-align: left;"><u><br /></u></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiKVLzdAZyT6cQhdXCbpj0lNQ8wgTJN4mqmQHHhQrjzTmgjiR70URXa8ilBsMm5-2w1FqNlPBR0IlwUU8u95-cyLPgX1p0etvajaMfkD-i8anPj-R05YvUy_giih59wE3XV6Te7zX2LoxJM/s2541/Halleck-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2541" data-original-width="1237" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiKVLzdAZyT6cQhdXCbpj0lNQ8wgTJN4mqmQHHhQrjzTmgjiR70URXa8ilBsMm5-2w1FqNlPBR0IlwUU8u95-cyLPgX1p0etvajaMfkD-i8anPj-R05YvUy_giih59wE3XV6Te7zX2LoxJM/w312-h640/Halleck-1.jpg" width="312" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;">Gen. Halleck by J. Magee 1861</div><div style="text-align: center;"> <u>Lives of Gens Halleck and Pop</u>e</div><div><div style="text-align: center;">by G.W. Richards 1861.</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">{ For more on Henry Halleck see: <u><a href="http://landmarks.allenbrowne.info/HenryHalleck/Appletons.htm" rel="" target="_blank">Appleton's Cyclopædia</a></u>, Rossiter Johnson's <u><a href="http://landmarks.allenbrowne.info/HenryHalleck/BioDict.htm" target="_blank">Biographical Dictionary</a></u> or Elson and Brady's <u><a href="http://landmarks.allenbrowne.info/HenryHalleck/Camera.htm" target="_blank">Civil War Through the Camera</a></u>. }</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">Alfred Vernon Scott built the house in 1857, when he and his family moved to Georgetown from Montpellier on account of rumored “negro uprising” in that part of Virginia. Scott had purchased Madison's plantation only a few years before in 1854. The Georgetown house, on Lee's Hill, was their home until 1860 when Alfred died. His grave is in the nearby Oak Hill Cemetery. </div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjaokFw1APoWESSdfqqgt7s_ro5BK5WaGu7gQq82Rz2bbQP7SxLGcnB8qK68S2SDqXhfa0_RDrgawo2BVsvFLcwo8lBNSOk5LL6HrQ_st7YoCiwYQtjhzwIl4LhUroaoErmq9HrfjtLtecd/s640/AlfredVScott.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="640" data-original-width="480" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjaokFw1APoWESSdfqqgt7s_ro5BK5WaGu7gQq82Rz2bbQP7SxLGcnB8qK68S2SDqXhfa0_RDrgawo2BVsvFLcwo8lBNSOk5LL6HrQ_st7YoCiwYQtjhzwIl4LhUroaoErmq9HrfjtLtecd/w480-h640/AlfredVScott.jpg" width="480" /></a></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Photo by Loretta Castaldi.</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div><div style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: medium;">Alfred</span></b></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: medium;">V. Scott</span></b></div><div style="text-align: center;">Born in Bedford</div><div style="text-align: center;">Near Augusta</div><div style="text-align: center;">Georgia</div><div style="text-align: center;">Died in</div><div style="text-align: center;">Georgetown, D. C.</div><div style="text-align: center;">May 28th 1860</div><div><br />Mrs. Scott went south in 1861, as <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=JBM5AAAAMAAJ&pg=GBS.PA152&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en" target="_blank">William Owen Nixon Scott, 1920</a> tells it: “On July 5 - 1861 she hastily arranged her affairs, and left for the south via the ‘underground railroad’ (running the blockade). This journey during the early war times occupied a week.” General Halleck rented the house in 1862.<div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhCysE-dAfgyKHZGK8aM1DRbdiv3eXwzAlJ7JDYQL-svAhjqolqgIGYy00lfhtnRKFQ2e6C3hkf3SMVRWEflnHUWVvOTfDjCVqLuwhKGvm8iftr00e1OKA_qFnWx8XXIK_GI9XROgb-QoKt/s2048/Scott-GrantHouse-NorthElevation.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1676" data-original-width="2048" height="328" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhCysE-dAfgyKHZGK8aM1DRbdiv3eXwzAlJ7JDYQL-svAhjqolqgIGYy00lfhtnRKFQ2e6C3hkf3SMVRWEflnHUWVvOTfDjCVqLuwhKGvm8iftr00e1OKA_qFnWx8XXIK_GI9XROgb-QoKt/w400-h328/Scott-GrantHouse-NorthElevation.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;">HABS DC-824</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;"><div>Mary A. Mitchell in her 1962 article <i><a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/40067220" target="_blank">An Intimate Journey through Georgetown in April 1863</a></i>, describes the situation at 3238 R Street as experienced by Mrs. Kennon at Tudor Place:</div><div><blockquote>Her boarders were Union officers and she did not allow any war-talk at the table. She can scarcely be blamed for this. Nearby at 3238 R Street lived Lt. Gen. Henry W. Halleck, general-in-chief of the Union armies, in a mansion rented after he arrived from the western front in July of 1862. Built during the 1850's it belonged to a wealthy South Carolinian named Alfred Vernon Scott who had gone south for the duration. Quartered in raw new barracks in the rear was a detail of soldiers. From dawn to dusk Mrs. Kennon could hear the shrill sound of the bugle blowing taps and reveille and the sergeant's incessant commands, despite the intervening foliage between Tudor Place and Lee's Hill where the Scott place was.</blockquote></div><div>The Library of Congress says that “<span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="color: #333333; font-size: 10.5pt;">It is commonly accepted, but undocumented that Grant used the house as a
summer White House</span><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">” Carlton Fletcher vigorously disputes that myth and traces its origin in </span></span><i><a href="https://gloverparkhistory.com/appendix/the-scott-grant-house/" target="_blank">Notes on the Scott-Grant House, The origins of a myth</a></i>.</div></div><div><span face="Arial, sans-serif"><span style="color: #333333;"><blockquote style="font-size: 14px;">The only time that Ulysses S. Grant can be confirmed to have resided in Georgetown is before he was president. Gen. Grant accepted Gen. Henry Halleck’s offer to use his home in Georgetown, D.C. on May 18, 1865, and was there, off and on until July 24, 1865, when Gen. Grant left Washington for an extended summer tour. He did not reside in Georgetown after that. -- Carlton Fletcher </blockquote></span></span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiydib74mBt8CTdqpNmy-KOXIBTXNhkn57_uO6c0mJiLX_ykjeHWZbil5Os9d6WVCjYxPdmhzfCebf0T6KxuoVyIlPPiXicvRHGzAS8Hw99uWOUWTVFtDzgwT2yszttDmEvHYX5yHluBJFb/s2048/P2440798-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1536" data-original-width="2048" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiydib74mBt8CTdqpNmy-KOXIBTXNhkn57_uO6c0mJiLX_ykjeHWZbil5Os9d6WVCjYxPdmhzfCebf0T6KxuoVyIlPPiXicvRHGzAS8Hw99uWOUWTVFtDzgwT2yszttDmEvHYX5yHluBJFb/w400-h300/P2440798-1.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div><br /></div> An article in the <a href="https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83045462/1934-05-13/ed-1/seq-86/" target="_blank"><u>Washington Evening Star,</u> May 13, 1934</a>, says that:<span face="Arial, sans-serif"><span style="color: #333333;"><p style="font-size: 14px;"></p><blockquote>Col. John A. Joyce, the poet, who wrote for <u>The Star</u> for many years, lived in this attractive old residence, and here Mrs. Joyce died. When Col. Joyce passed away, they took his remains a little way down the street to Oak Hill Cemetery and inscribed on his tombstone the familiar lines; "Laugh, and the World Laughs With You; Weep, and You Weep Alone.”</blockquote><p>See my 2013 blog entry <a href="https://allenbrowne.blogspot.com/2013/11/laugh-and-world-laughs-with-you_16.html" target="_blank">Laugh and the World Laughs With You....</a> for a discussion of how Joyce stole the poem that includes that line from Ella Wheeler Wilcox. Here's Joyce's statue in Oak Hill Cemetery.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgflX85ZCThbNHc5ETSz47z16suHyXIqpgzfmdP13zfqiW6A20RxdQZCPLSdgCNfHJ5SuNsZd1ohfxGYG5wHb2mlM9fs1NNMBC-TtMLOmK0Xw4OLkcxzNA2ewT0AVr9NibHk68wi1kg6Jq-/s2048/P1990766-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1530" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgflX85ZCThbNHc5ETSz47z16suHyXIqpgzfmdP13zfqiW6A20RxdQZCPLSdgCNfHJ5SuNsZd1ohfxGYG5wHb2mlM9fs1NNMBC-TtMLOmK0Xw4OLkcxzNA2ewT0AVr9NibHk68wi1kg6Jq-/w478-h640/P1990766-1.jpg" width="478" /></a></div><p>Mrs.Joyce, Katie M. Joyce, died on December 22, 1871. She is memorialized on the pedestal supporting Joyce's Statue at Oak Hill, along with their daughter Katie Darling Joyce.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhzEzrIYq4i_Zfsd1IrgiTLZWM3KX9ZYmunrvdTfM6PaQJVoU3_PxtU3HfWGyyeUb3d0CCQgYlAcTvKsh75AMg8dYvph_IsRVTWbRDS1cpb9tkHjVt0Gh2lU_fW9Bqd6qrgJdYBuS2Xb2We/s2048/P1990759-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1536" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhzEzrIYq4i_Zfsd1IrgiTLZWM3KX9ZYmunrvdTfM6PaQJVoU3_PxtU3HfWGyyeUb3d0CCQgYlAcTvKsh75AMg8dYvph_IsRVTWbRDS1cpb9tkHjVt0Gh2lU_fW9Bqd6qrgJdYBuS2Xb2We/w480-h640/P1990759-1.jpg" width="480" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;">Katie M. Joyce</div></span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif"><span style="color: #333333;">Born Oct. 30 1839</span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif"><span style="color: #333333;">Died Jan. 15, 1882</span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif"><span style="color: #333333;"><br /></span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif"><span style="color: #333333;">Katie Darling Joyce</span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif"><span style="color: #333333;">Born Sept. 3, 1871</span></span></div><div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #333333;">Died Dec. 22, 1886</span></div><span face="Arial, sans-serif"><span style="color: #333333;"><p style="text-align: center;"><i><a href="http://landmarks.allenbrowne.info/John%20Joyce/NoPocketinaShroud.htm" target="_blank">There's no pocket in a shroud - Joyce</a></i></p><p>And here's Col. Joyce in an <a href="https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83045366/1902-03-29/ed-1/seq-3/" target="_blank">ad for Pe-Ru-Na</a>.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhqAAzR-ys_z8ybnVMEWgeCz_NdDy0MeIRKWvchuGQk1ZUuftRSP1ZNCq5eeSsMxbN_qRuVUoQoHDU43H-ghdI5v6sXzq-gQLJHSn2AYeEzebCcqnu4hR-10gaiPprlFFx_ahojhxmEajEp/s788/Col_Jno_A_Joyce-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="788" data-original-width="787" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhqAAzR-ys_z8ybnVMEWgeCz_NdDy0MeIRKWvchuGQk1ZUuftRSP1ZNCq5eeSsMxbN_qRuVUoQoHDU43H-ghdI5v6sXzq-gQLJHSn2AYeEzebCcqnu4hR-10gaiPprlFFx_ahojhxmEajEp/w400-h400/Col_Jno_A_Joyce-1.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><p><u><a href="https://archive.org/details/washingtoncityca0000unse_j4s9/page/744/mode/1up" target="_blank">Washington, City and Capital</a></u>, by The Federal Writers' Project, Works Progress Administration, 1937 says that “a flagrantly red brick house with contrasting white trim dominates a terrace” at 3238 R Street. </p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjT93FW4dc98KkT99tlHdznNXsXdRsxXnahreu_S8xvfDPxAqE7YcuU2rgp0R0qWa7GZG1nM_zPZIvHr61wkdr8y5GrFRjyZ4-fdk5XGxVxppsrdDh1Hq3s9j7pE4mS0jx4r-my393dGbgj/s2048/Scott-GrantHouse-SouthElevation.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1536" data-original-width="2048" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjT93FW4dc98KkT99tlHdznNXsXdRsxXnahreu_S8xvfDPxAqE7YcuU2rgp0R0qWa7GZG1nM_zPZIvHr61wkdr8y5GrFRjyZ4-fdk5XGxVxppsrdDh1Hq3s9j7pE4mS0jx4r-my393dGbgj/w400-h300/Scott-GrantHouse-SouthElevation.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">HABS photo, South Elevation.</div><p>The WPA Writer's Project goes on to say that, “It is the home of Rear Admiral Harry H. Rousseau's widow, a landscape architect of distinction. Her garden, open during April Garden Week, is notable for its old trees, rock garden, and iris-bordered walks.” </p><p>The Rousseaus were living here when Admiral Rousseau died at sea in 1930. This photo accompanied the <u><a href="https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83045462/1930-07-24/ed-1/seq-11/" target="_blank">Washington Evening Star's</a></u> notice of that event, on July 24, 1930.</p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjY6_LFW1aIqHMXNoj903Xpqe563CIrL77tUkUF5GFWK7sXUNogMA93ShYX0XdcN_USs8k1bVl7GA4oarBwKE5co-5FUs8_CBX5uoHk_iPmGIV41tb-wij7mWwGQenISYCmnpYot-oUmSlH/s1325/RADMHarryHRousseau.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1325" data-original-width="785" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjY6_LFW1aIqHMXNoj903Xpqe563CIrL77tUkUF5GFWK7sXUNogMA93ShYX0XdcN_USs8k1bVl7GA4oarBwKE5co-5FUs8_CBX5uoHk_iPmGIV41tb-wij7mWwGQenISYCmnpYot-oUmSlH/w380-h640/RADMHarryHRousseau.jpg" width="380" /></a></div><br /> Admiral Rousseau had been instrumental in the creation of the Panama Canal and was chief coordinator and director of naval oil reserves, when he died. In 1928 he appeared on a 20¢ Canal Zone postage stamp.</span></span></div><div><span face="Arial, sans-serif"><span style="color: #333333;"><br /></span></span></div><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmLBvXi8D-BLds3tFszMyjnxBnbK3OrHWkl7fshxgkoDwbpjOS1gmHxTEjGCcvRnjvY5yA3d-wrtG6znirVU2xrp1a_wdTH159Yp8cQpF7AipKCNdhfsJPZ6KSrITj7sc9v-VBWyLjrAns/s1013/CanalZone-CZ112-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1013" data-original-width="868" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmLBvXi8D-BLds3tFszMyjnxBnbK3OrHWkl7fshxgkoDwbpjOS1gmHxTEjGCcvRnjvY5yA3d-wrtG6znirVU2xrp1a_wdTH159Yp8cQpF7AipKCNdhfsJPZ6KSrITj7sc9v-VBWyLjrAns/w343-h400/CanalZone-CZ112-1.jpg" width="343" /></a></div><span face="Arial, sans-serif"><span style="color: #333333;"><p><a href="https://tile.loc.gov/storage-services/master/pnp/habshaer/dc/dc0900/dc0969/data/dc0969data.pdf" target="_blank">The Library of Congress</a> says that:</p><p></p><p></p><blockquote>During the New Deal, two of President Roosevelt's Brain Trust, Benjamin Cohen and Thomas Corcoran, rented the house for themselves and other young lawyers who drafted the New Deal legislation.</blockquote><p>Here we see Cohen and Corcoran as they appeared on the cover of <a href="http://content.time.com/time/magazine/0,9263,7601380912,00.html" target="_blank"><u>Time Magazine</u>, Sept. 12 1938</a>. Cohen, in glasses, is sitting, Corcoran standing. The <a href="http://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,760147-1,00.html" target="_blank">Time article</a> refers to Cohen, Corcoran and their cohort as “Janissaries.”</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvE0vSXKrpHjSyxodyF9QOFfWXBoigmGoh2qWX7vh7g7gb2NlOF8P0VmKbhqH9x8vgGuhHcegBSAWpmeTeknoG7Hzm2Mgll6WgehcZ3r4jlS0_utEwPlM_XSIh6adBGKuZi1occ4DnZHyj/s670/Cohen%2526Corcoran.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="670" data-original-width="564" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvE0vSXKrpHjSyxodyF9QOFfWXBoigmGoh2qWX7vh7g7gb2NlOF8P0VmKbhqH9x8vgGuhHcegBSAWpmeTeknoG7Hzm2Mgll6WgehcZ3r4jlS0_utEwPlM_XSIh6adBGKuZi1occ4DnZHyj/w538-h640/Cohen%2526Corcoran.jpg" width="538" /></a></div><p>Spartacus Education in a thorough <a href="https://spartacus-educational.com/JFKcorcoran.htm" target="_blank">biography of Tommy Corcoran</a>, gives us this view of “the scarlet fever boys from the little red house in Georgetown.”</p><p></p><blockquote>Corcoran was a new political type: the expert who not only drafted legislation but maneuvered it through the treacherous corridors of Capitol Hill. Two Washington reporters wrote of him: “He could play the accordion, sing any song you cared to mention, read Aeschylus in the original, quote Dante and Montaigne by the yard, tell an excellent story, write a great bill like the Securities Exchange Act, prepare a presidential speech, tread the labyrinthine maze of palace politics or chart the future course of a democracy with equal ease.” He lived with Cohen and five other New Dealers in a house on R Street; as early as the spring of 1934, G.O.P. congressmen were learning to ignore the sponsors of New Deal legislation and level their attacks at “the scarlet-fever boys from the little red house in Georgetown.”</blockquote><p>Right wing Congressman Fred Britten of Illinois dubbed the house “The Little Red House in Georgetown<span style="color: black;">”</span> and accused its occupants of promoting communistic legislation. This 'story in pictures' appeared in the <a href="https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn86063730/1934-04-27/ed-2/seq-8/" target="_blank"><u>Brownsville Herald</u> on April 27, 1934</a>. </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHb1rwFGRBpqJCvUR0anJoFpoVcbFMbuSljFxVv0LlfG6qM3sv8yuIWjRNKTrrPUI4wGPJheTDjM1MfWfL9HlnW5b6qu7nTy4Ss7yKwyAgqHTrcyQxhQhuOmY9AqoGkfqQQbqJWBHZxW2m/s2048/LittleRedHouse.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1820" data-original-width="2048" height="568" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHb1rwFGRBpqJCvUR0anJoFpoVcbFMbuSljFxVv0LlfG6qM3sv8yuIWjRNKTrrPUI4wGPJheTDjM1MfWfL9HlnW5b6qu7nTy4Ss7yKwyAgqHTrcyQxhQhuOmY9AqoGkfqQQbqJWBHZxW2m/w640-h568/LittleRedHouse.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><p></p><blockquote><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>Figure in “Little Red House” Furore</b></span></p><p>The “Little Red House in Georgetown” mentioned by Representative Fred Britten (top left) of Illinois, as a rendezvous for meetings “which promote Communistic legislation.” Rep. Britten said the house is occupied by Robert Kohn (lower left), of the PWA, James Landis (top right), Federal Trade Commissioner, and Thomas Corcoran (lower right) of the RFC. (Central Press) -- <u>Brownsville Herald</u>, April 27, 1934, Mail Edition, Page 8.</p></blockquote><p></p><div>The phrase “Little Red House in Georgetown” echoed the “<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little_Green_House_on_K_Street" target="_blank">Little Green House on K Street</a>” in which corrupt deals of the Harding Administration are said to have been planned; both terms contrast with the “White House”. See the <a href="http://landmarks.allenbrowne.info/LittleRedHouse/" target="_blank">Washington Evening Star, April 21, 1934</a> in which Britten calls the New Dealers at 3238 R Street, “Frankfurter's hot dogs.”</div><div> </div><div>Cohen and Corcoran rented the little red house from Mrs. Rousseau until 1936. </div><p>The author of this blog believes he met Tommy Corcoran once on a bus in Washington DC in the late 1970s. He was an old man wearing a flashy sport jacket who introduced himself, adding that he had once been important in this town.</p><p>From the late 30s this house was home to <a href="https://www.af.mil/About-Us/Biographies/Display/Article/107292/major-general-howard-calhoun-davidson/" target="_blank">Major General Howard C. Davidson</a>, United States Army Air Forces and his wife. They lived here into the 60s. <u>The New York Times</u> described Davidson in his 1984 <a href="https://nyti.ms/3DpIAod" target="_blank">obituary</a>: “Maj. Gen. Howard Calhoun Davidson of the Air Force, a World War I pilot and commander of the Tenth Air Force in the China-Burma-India theater in World War II, died Wednesday at Walter Reed Army Medical Hospital in Washington.”</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhL_A6cIz3luY1Vt1pvkESUvVoCAx5CS0hyphenhyphen0FRK7CvYFExeVFK41sqQWvPMz_9penfs5rg9GojgE23Hpref_7L4D5_sGtZCoMEqyzKNdsZ6xviQ5YaxRTmSdn4qvre7yjRHwNOFgn4LntbV/s1200/190304-F-ZZ966-1355-1+copy.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="762" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhL_A6cIz3luY1Vt1pvkESUvVoCAx5CS0hyphenhyphen0FRK7CvYFExeVFK41sqQWvPMz_9penfs5rg9GojgE23Hpref_7L4D5_sGtZCoMEqyzKNdsZ6xviQ5YaxRTmSdn4qvre7yjRHwNOFgn4LntbV/w406-h640/190304-F-ZZ966-1355-1+copy.jpg" width="406" /></a></div><p></p><div>Like Mrs. Rousseau, Mrs. Davidson opened the house to the public for Garden Week. Here's the house as it appeared in <a href="https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83045462/1938-03-20/ed-1/seq-8/" target="_blank">The Washington Evening Star</a>, March 20, 1938.</div><div><br /></div><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh6-gS0Qwd3A843UsELIRWqEIhGHfjD1toT816ovR6oSF7dPOyQgoXlI8CrOzoLpiOD1Vt5WQxMhBNFlThyphenhyphen2mij3bX-xi9wZOoEBgL7YAjC3PcnyzInVTms9B8tbPpfOv3deYJHhU7yt20G/s1497/Davidson-3238R.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1429" data-original-width="1497" height="381" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh6-gS0Qwd3A843UsELIRWqEIhGHfjD1toT816ovR6oSF7dPOyQgoXlI8CrOzoLpiOD1Vt5WQxMhBNFlThyphenhyphen2mij3bX-xi9wZOoEBgL7YAjC3PcnyzInVTms9B8tbPpfOv3deYJHhU7yt20G/w400-h381/Davidson-3238R.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;">Home of Lt. Col. and Mrs. Howard C. Davidson</div></div><div style="text-align: center;">3238 R street N.W.</div><div><div style="text-align: center;">where President Grant once lived.</div> </div><div>3238 R Street is currently owned by Texas billionaire Robert Bass and his wife, Anne. (See <a href="https://www.mcclatchydc.com/news/politics-government/article24729136.html#storylink=cpy " target="_blank">Robert and Anne Bass live in historic house in Washington, D.C.</a> by Maria Recio in the <u>McClatchy Newspapers</u>, May 8, 2012.) We can agree with Ben Barnes, former Texas lieutenant governor that “It's a heck of a house..” </div></span></span></div><div><span face="Arial, sans-serif"><span style="color: #333333;"> <p></p><p></p><p></p></span></span></div><p></p></div></div>Allen Brownehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02871983840550191787noreply@blogger.com03238 R St NW, Washington, DC 20007, USA38.9133741 -77.065368410.603140263821153 -112.2216184 67.223607936178837 -41.9091184tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2073838520097258789.post-46717435032873290572021-02-04T06:57:00.035-05:002024-01-23T08:38:49.664-05:00The Tripoli Monument<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQnUNc2w_WUslGkyl0d9xHpao5vOnWJ_7Xp-hfmGPgUshTWMpW4mc4z2B4ieYZVLNNs6ZkqUYyqvimlwN74VlrWf7n5CwO60BaYedGuR2MV9QYG-KKnkpGD0JEaMeTzV64LeJWKNQ8vXPv/s1600/P1800425-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1200" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQnUNc2w_WUslGkyl0d9xHpao5vOnWJ_7Xp-hfmGPgUshTWMpW4mc4z2B4ieYZVLNNs6ZkqUYyqvimlwN74VlrWf7n5CwO60BaYedGuR2MV9QYG-KKnkpGD0JEaMeTzV64LeJWKNQ8vXPv/s640/P1800425-1.jpg" width="480" /></a></div>
<a name='more'></a><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhEyOf19PWwkPpUiaOpR_8g6cHJCjPOxBD3NyB7M_1QgJGNhbU9aZQ0JvSKKVEjP4mFXMWCEvzimpvhBrIcnKCf7fdULdujoieY67nCmALuS-_qj-V2_r8fQZFzxNgNl-XBPBObPrLS2Zx0/s2048/P3600852-1.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1687" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhEyOf19PWwkPpUiaOpR_8g6cHJCjPOxBD3NyB7M_1QgJGNhbU9aZQ0JvSKKVEjP4mFXMWCEvzimpvhBrIcnKCf7fdULdujoieY67nCmALuS-_qj-V2_r8fQZFzxNgNl-XBPBObPrLS2Zx0/w528-h640/P3600852-1.jpg" width="528" /></a></div><br />TheTripoli Monument at the U.S, Naval Academy in Annapolis is the oldest war memorial in the United States. A bronze plaque mounted at the base of the monument offers an explanation.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2TblwfWC4LSYJKlgaBUR_L1iz80ye6mDa30McNYEq3HpfIhpz9rck9Mr-F-OoKJdYn4fH8NmAhY5g2Bd_HfHgzz4fVZNLguD9BMkvIXTx3D24xs7brciTE2az_qn-vSoQAWnMnWA3qH5z/s1600/P1790284-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2TblwfWC4LSYJKlgaBUR_L1iz80ye6mDa30McNYEq3HpfIhpz9rck9Mr-F-OoKJdYn4fH8NmAhY5g2Bd_HfHgzz4fVZNLguD9BMkvIXTx3D24xs7brciTE2az_qn-vSoQAWnMnWA3qH5z/s400/P1790284-1.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
The oldest military monument in the United States honors heroes of the War against the Barbary Coast Pirates, the new republic's first war. In 1804, President Jefferson ordered the nation's tiny naval force to the Mediterranean to protect the expanding trade of the new United States against the pirates, who demanded ransom for safe passage of merchant ships. “Millions for defense, but not one cent for tribute” became the rallying cry for this war. Jefferson's action established the doctrine of extension of power overseas, and created a permanent United States Navy.<br /><br />On “the shores of Tripoli,” young Americans took brave actions against the pirates, including torching their own grounded vessel, the USS Philadelphia, to prevent its use by the pirates. Six men were killed before Tripoli's ‘pasha’ relented. Congress cited them for their gallantry, and Captain David Porter, one of the pirates captives, instituted a campaign for a monument to honor his former shipmates, now heroes.<br /><br />The monument was carved in 1806 in Italy, of Carrera marble, and brought to the United States as ballast on board the USS Constitution (Old Ironsides). From the Washington Navy Yard it moved to the west terrace of the national Capitol. It has stood at the Naval Academy since 1860. <br /><br />Renovation of the Monument was completed in June 2000 through the leadership of Capt. Warren B. Johnson '47, thanks to gifts from the VADM Eliot H. Bryant & Miriam H. Bryant Endowments and Friends of the Save the Tripoli Monument Committee.</blockquote>
The claim that “Millions for defense, but not one cent for tribute” was the rallying cry of the<br />
First Barbary War is a little odd. Pinckney uttered those words during the <a href="https://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h465.html" target="_blank">XYZ affair</a> that led to the quasi war with France. The U.S. had been paying tribute to the Barbary states since 1786. <div><br /></div><div>But this monument tells its own story.</div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhX69ei5qd4CEBQmvM6LUebUbH7o7Smy5A1LrFzuYxEDdGGBpWSexDGp7bnSOUCHBruAWjO4DmhER2-2oZrupM6J5Qga94IUagGv6rqYOxRDPOaeoAF5YMTncx7ICHxbJrWSOl2REYRf5ry/s2048/P1790470-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1536" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhX69ei5qd4CEBQmvM6LUebUbH7o7Smy5A1LrFzuYxEDdGGBpWSexDGp7bnSOUCHBruAWjO4DmhER2-2oZrupM6J5Qga94IUagGv6rqYOxRDPOaeoAF5YMTncx7ICHxbJrWSOl2REYRf5ry/w480-h640/P1790470-1.jpg" width="480" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">The base of the monument lists the 6 men who are memorialized here.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimcuTOsb4TOMMF8xVA7DWszYJjclFBRBLN05DfMyJZyD9TYA5ZCZiI3LMnP2i7rwNEYnLLS9_w9rLuvmE6xSTPm_LB830QDVx1uEMwU32z9bWXB8hPGb7XFUiEK3o4mTY3Ax6q8UDVpbCa/s2048/P1790231-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1536" data-original-width="2048" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimcuTOsb4TOMMF8xVA7DWszYJjclFBRBLN05DfMyJZyD9TYA5ZCZiI3LMnP2i7rwNEYnLLS9_w9rLuvmE6xSTPm_LB830QDVx1uEMwU32z9bWXB8hPGb7XFUiEK3o4mTY3Ax6q8UDVpbCa/w400-h300/P1790231-1.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">To the memory of</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">Somers, Caldwell, Decatur, Wadsworth,</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">Dorsey, Israel.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">One of the four panels on the memorial lists them more fully.</div><div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwlXKFiWg2_DNfZ1tWUOPb54jYK1OTPNwXtwqX7JxA8W7iFZxY6FumrXCKNd8nUPMFpRB7VSLuWL8hGlMtZ_p78Ttp9xHG1G7KgV53knGe7jX9BoAIHYpteWJ-UBvQiwKwKAQpYRbSZ82f/s2589/P1790271-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1214" data-original-width="2589" height="188" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwlXKFiWg2_DNfZ1tWUOPb54jYK1OTPNwXtwqX7JxA8W7iFZxY6FumrXCKNd8nUPMFpRB7VSLuWL8hGlMtZ_p78Ttp9xHG1G7KgV53knGe7jX9BoAIHYpteWJ-UBvQiwKwKAQpYRbSZ82f/w400-h188/P1790271-1.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b>Erected</b> in the memory of Captain</div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b>Richard Somers</b>, Lieutenants</div><div style="text-align: center;"><b>James Caldwell</b>, <b>James Decatur</b>,</div><div style="text-align: center;"><b>Henry Wadsworth</b>,<b> Joseph Israel</b>,</div><div style="text-align: center;">and <b>John Dorsey</b> who fell in the different</div><div style="text-align: center;">attacks that were made on the city of <i>Tripoli</i></div><div style="text-align: center;">in the Year of our Lord 1801</div><div style="text-align: center;">and in the 28th Year of the independence</div><div><div style="text-align: center;">of the United States.</div><div><br /></div><div><a href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/1181469" target="_blank">Janet Headley</a> tells succinctly what happened to these men.</div></div><div><blockquote>Lt. James Decatur (Stephen's brother) was killed on August 3, 1804, as he boarded a Tripolitan vessel he had captured. Four days later, Lt. James Caldwell and Midshipman Thomas Dorsey perished when their gunboat was hit. In a final heroic act, Capt. Richard Somers loaded the Intrepid with powder, creating a fireboat that he planned to explode in the heart of the Tripolitan harbor. On September 3, the Intrepid exploded prematurely, killing Somers and acting lieutenants Henry Wadsworth and Joseph Israel.</blockquote><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAoP2dZBYtHicGKlvjc3Z9OYF9w6PqUbDecADKpzQXOI1ntyQjjOnJm8RzaJRgBarPvUo-hJXrVZLCRfU5GQFtEjq-cLDa_0lHKzpW1UxRIoI7_eoINrD82OHXMeP2K1q7MokTVLLy3ocs/s2048/IntrepidExplosion.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1327" data-original-width="2048" height="259" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAoP2dZBYtHicGKlvjc3Z9OYF9w6PqUbDecADKpzQXOI1ntyQjjOnJm8RzaJRgBarPvUo-hJXrVZLCRfU5GQFtEjq-cLDa_0lHKzpW1UxRIoI7_eoINrD82OHXMeP2K1q7MokTVLLy3ocs/w400-h259/IntrepidExplosion.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"> Explosion of the Intrepid</div><div style="text-align: center;">from <u>Our Navy and the Barbary Corsairs</u></div><div style="text-align: center;">by Gardiner W. Allen, 1905</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">If Henry Wadsworth's name seems familiar, it's because Henry Wadsworth Longfellow was named for him. The poet's mother Zilpah Wadsworth Longfellow was Henry Wadsworth's sister.</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">Another panel tells of the naval officers, led by <a href="https://allencbrowne.blogspot.com/2016/12/david-porter.html" target="_blank">David Porter</a>, who erected the monument.</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjfJJEEL1F-vld5OxZuHALIhZ9_hVapLFVGXitHBUZB3c6GqFcMEi6fFRlc1B3dQ7BvJCADI10Tk4RO3vFolIYubvQfHLRzZ5BhXgjMJF7fwdOz9QcFPkBlWyAaQSS0gnHgm-RAaDH1GY3Z/s2048/P1790317-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1569" data-original-width="2048" height="306" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjfJJEEL1F-vld5OxZuHALIhZ9_hVapLFVGXitHBUZB3c6GqFcMEi6fFRlc1B3dQ7BvJCADI10Tk4RO3vFolIYubvQfHLRzZ5BhXgjMJF7fwdOz9QcFPkBlWyAaQSS0gnHgm-RAaDH1GY3Z/w400-h306/P1790317-1.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;">As a small tribute of respect to their memory</div></div><div style="text-align: center;">and of admiration of their valour</div><div style="text-align: center;">so worthy of imitation</div><div style="text-align: center;">their brother officers </div><div style="text-align: center;">Have erected this monument.</div><div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">A third panel features a bas-relief of Tripoli harbor and names the sculptor as Giovanni Charles Micali.</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3jzCdqGDOdXfVrt55LNvDw4lIEWCX0B0mP0N-i3BcfikQQvEADdajsOM9vB3W6SuJ7tmJO0r7Jsta5rLkvSUhm3cCr_dNnPcXezBoGlnTB_0anMYehbXyj7XD88Q98Vn7ksyN39qfwijm/s2048/P1790285-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1503" data-original-width="2048" height="294" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3jzCdqGDOdXfVrt55LNvDw4lIEWCX0B0mP0N-i3BcfikQQvEADdajsOM9vB3W6SuJ7tmJO0r7Jsta5rLkvSUhm3cCr_dNnPcXezBoGlnTB_0anMYehbXyj7XD88Q98Vn7ksyN39qfwijm/w400-h294/P1790285-1.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;">GioI. Charles Micali Invenio</div></div><div><div style="text-align: center;">In Livorno 1806</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">The architect <a href="http://landmarks.allenbrowne.info/Tripoli/Latrobe/" target="_blank">Benjamin Henry Latrobe</a> commented on this panel in 1814:</div><div><blockquote>On each side of the block is a panel. That to the south represents, in basso relievo, a view of Tripoli from nature, with a frigate and gun-boats in the fore-ground, attacking the town. This, like all landscapes, and representations of air and water and smoke in sculpture, is a work of no effect or beauty; but will serve as a record of the appearance of Tripoli in the year 1804.</blockquote><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTrJ2IgvEeVLkvJAj1x54X5iDkd3a_PV6pRLeqY7rYqCkDYrza6Ac-1Qh2RN9Uj5-8NdM4loimgPtVF10n5VQa5waLLtMrHCsu2BfGwN-2npkUCvG7WgGnj0HatcRColtEZboATfUFJkHP/s2633/P3600755-2.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1194" data-original-width="2633" height="290" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTrJ2IgvEeVLkvJAj1x54X5iDkd3a_PV6pRLeqY7rYqCkDYrza6Ac-1Qh2RN9Uj5-8NdM4loimgPtVF10n5VQa5waLLtMrHCsu2BfGwN-2npkUCvG7WgGnj0HatcRColtEZboATfUFJkHP/w640-h290/P3600755-2.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><p><br /></p><p>The fourth panel explicates the iconography of the monument.</p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiBWVTV9CLk3wGnuytS4v5bFbemqDjcAPAHpUei_s-KNRklPgkRUEL8QHIlUgtJrq9GTHmEp0fqYTb_nG85gbkvCmUDnRsravli9xMQXNdeBOms7ZLkUDqsMxJqZfDbW_ClNu8pl_kqxPZU/s2048/P1790386-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1520" data-original-width="2048" height="297" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiBWVTV9CLk3wGnuytS4v5bFbemqDjcAPAHpUei_s-KNRklPgkRUEL8QHIlUgtJrq9GTHmEp0fqYTb_nG85gbkvCmUDnRsravli9xMQXNdeBOms7ZLkUDqsMxJqZfDbW_ClNu8pl_kqxPZU/w400-h297/P1790386-1.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;">The love of Glory inspired them,<br />Fame has crowned their deeds,<br />History records the event.<br />The Children of Columbia admire<br />and Commerce laments their fall.</div><p style="text-align: left;">Each line of this inscription corresponds to statuary on the monument.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibCYTnC8c5SE7awfYvOvBiq3fSxwkEwpL2HYqqRVOBG5CTODVoackpt3vwbZf95fkruX7sN6SYJ7I2OMDq7uU4eOb6hx1L0q2DfK8sWuF9gt2WSQliDu8F_0LtZgQnho7BxJmXh5g9nXsK/s2048/NavalMonumentatAnnapolis.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1423" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibCYTnC8c5SE7awfYvOvBiq3fSxwkEwpL2HYqqRVOBG5CTODVoackpt3vwbZf95fkruX7sN6SYJ7I2OMDq7uU4eOb6hx1L0q2DfK8sWuF9gt2WSQliDu8F_0LtZgQnho7BxJmXh5g9nXsK/w445-h640/NavalMonumentatAnnapolis.jpg" width="445" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://landmarks.allenbrowne.info/Tripoli/Lossing/" target="_blank">Benson Lossing from Pictorial Field Book of the War of 1812</a>.</div><p style="text-align: left;">The base of the Monument has lamps on each corner. The flames represent "Love of Glory"</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvRH6fuwLVGh-aYpiw_9DpppUo9X5rpiaCSiBAovo_APZl5XffR6MWSvQr1osWP9Wm_7Ltft3q9HPvHYfpujcuLbw2hySZjfhfKwrIS5CQRvQ3a0DUrkJdpCtOxd6-IFvhGEJYER3h9eX8/s2048/P1790380-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1536" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvRH6fuwLVGh-aYpiw_9DpppUo9X5rpiaCSiBAovo_APZl5XffR6MWSvQr1osWP9Wm_7Ltft3q9HPvHYfpujcuLbw2hySZjfhfKwrIS5CQRvQ3a0DUrkJdpCtOxd6-IFvhGEJYER3h9eX8/w480-h640/P1790380-1.jpg" width="480" /></a></div><span><div style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><i>Love of Glory</i> inspired them.</span></b></div><div style="font-size: large; text-align: left;"><b><br /></b></div></span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9l74DqBdP6ai2ZhvhaJOvGmD6TyzGMvomX6xx1r7XUmz_gcEVYp4R_fHSVpOcgkB2sHSQdfOOrw7BoV4uKCoW3-FyM6jmeTJbkZigYklmRkawjfUgPFP_XAv9N83SF0FJjCrwVrQM7ibl/s2048/P1790232-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1394" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9l74DqBdP6ai2ZhvhaJOvGmD6TyzGMvomX6xx1r7XUmz_gcEVYp4R_fHSVpOcgkB2sHSQdfOOrw7BoV4uKCoW3-FyM6jmeTJbkZigYklmRkawjfUgPFP_XAv9N83SF0FJjCrwVrQM7ibl/w437-h640/P1790232-1.jpg" width="437" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span><i>Fame</i></span> has crowned their deeds.</b></span></div><p style="text-align: left;">Latrobe describes this statue as Victory, rather than Fame. </p><p style="text-align: left;"></p><blockquote>At the northwest corner the figure of the winged Victory is elevated to the summit of the square block that supports the column. In her right hand she holds a wreath of laurel over the sarcophagus; in her left a branch of palm, of bronze gilt. The figure is but indifferent, but the general effect is good.</blockquote><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiixGpBSiLrkbufdsjd291s3P_jERJADtWUU36EsPC8tRk_p-5dhR4RkuXHyBGerITuRHJYltCsVOaOcQ9mLaxbbz9mDlE5s95a5tQ2M_fPZ0yjCyZTHKbY0HxPMIw7ctN8BRHk47KbEHcZ/s4000/P1800417-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="4000" data-original-width="3000" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiixGpBSiLrkbufdsjd291s3P_jERJADtWUU36EsPC8tRk_p-5dhR4RkuXHyBGerITuRHJYltCsVOaOcQ9mLaxbbz9mDlE5s95a5tQ2M_fPZ0yjCyZTHKbY0HxPMIw7ctN8BRHk47KbEHcZ/w480-h640/P1800417-1.jpg" width="480" /></a></div><br /><p> Lossing's shows “Fame in the attitude of alighting”.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwLq33OuYdqGPy_NxuMo1M3q4sOE5FaMQoyYS_Vdt1ZcghZiwNKEtz6x_0tMvrB3qMLSZ71eQLFUNFHrupVGeTg0vy5APx07-MtdKZ-Ke6jjNx_EuSTXFeGlAOfUvb1c6hAwREZ0vay13F/s751/NavalMonuementWashington-Fame-Victory.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="751" data-original-width="565" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwLq33OuYdqGPy_NxuMo1M3q4sOE5FaMQoyYS_Vdt1ZcghZiwNKEtz6x_0tMvrB3qMLSZ71eQLFUNFHrupVGeTg0vy5APx07-MtdKZ-Ke6jjNx_EuSTXFeGlAOfUvb1c6hAwREZ0vay13F/w301-h400/NavalMonuementWashington-Fame-Victory.jpg" width="301" /></a></div><div><br /></div>Lossing also shows the, now missing, palm branch, lost in 1814 during the British invasion.<br /><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZiG2beRGqsL6lef5FFs6MHJbDfHg7mPaXNL4IVvt1rogt8NFqe3PZQCWT97Yi33jMHcfJiAsOt4Kj3Arz-8Ylv9QQyRt1617WN1Oq-EOnz69NdzjSf3Q57DAu2BjvAWE3EL7LXsmvMw37/s2048/P1800416-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1536" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZiG2beRGqsL6lef5FFs6MHJbDfHg7mPaXNL4IVvt1rogt8NFqe3PZQCWT97Yi33jMHcfJiAsOt4Kj3Arz-8Ylv9QQyRt1617WN1Oq-EOnz69NdzjSf3Q57DAu2BjvAWE3EL7LXsmvMw37/w480-h640/P1800416-1.jpg" width="480" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span><i>History</i></span> records the event.</b></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">Latrobe finds fault with the statue's neck.</div><div><div></div><blockquote><div>At the northeast angle sits History. She is represented by a tolerably good female figure fully clothed, holding a book in her left hand, and a pen of bronze gilt in her right. She looks upward to the column, and appears on the point of commencing to write. This figure is well placed, well imagined, and her attitude is very good: but the sculpture is faulty, especially about the neck.</div></blockquote><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj4nQ2QOY-r0fT5BsKqP15K2Z2eSHhB7QEJdut39fAZtmLAxUOfXkHpgyn1_YgpxDDIGV0AHDHrx0HumfSIWyZJL_LaV_6lUaYXWvuTIiyNfgGnRKwXlVYWBPrB1SYMJhyphenhyphenXhHdcFmU4qAnx/s2048/P1800434-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1536" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj4nQ2QOY-r0fT5BsKqP15K2Z2eSHhB7QEJdut39fAZtmLAxUOfXkHpgyn1_YgpxDDIGV0AHDHrx0HumfSIWyZJL_LaV_6lUaYXWvuTIiyNfgGnRKwXlVYWBPrB1SYMJhyphenhyphenXhHdcFmU4qAnx/w480-h640/P1800434-1.jpg" width="480" /></a></div><div><br /></div>History's gold pen was also lost when British Troops occupied the Navy Yard in 1814. </div><div><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgpLeq2uwooacEmLkFzXpIVw4b1TKjILcu3md8StzcYjgCfcahAwxlltd0yy1gWz3q8muS9VStM-qHlat32gCEYizv2nIt-Xq3WJSnm9NrsOL6jukDexYr2Op5mkkFkcdipYIDsQMFAa3I4/w480-h640/P1800398-1.jpg" /></div></div></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>The <span><i>Children of Columbia</i></span> admire.</b></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div>Latrobe really doesn't like the portrayal of Columbia as a nearly naked Native American woman. <br /><blockquote>At the southeast, a female figure, having on her head a diadem of feathers, a covering like the short petticoat attached to the Roman <i>Lorica</i>, also of ostrich feathers, round the waist, and Roman leggins and shoes, but otherwise naked, represents America. She leads up to the monument two children from the lower step, and points upwards to the inscription on the pedestal. This is a badly imagined and executed figure, and has nothing of the native American character or costume.</blockquote><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7S9QHq-LiN_-fOlCJ8QRzVMCfCDYjmRzK8H7hzY3MgxYBAqGzyaA73k7cnaw6Vpm7yYrahNkMhiW2mbOPpgvM8urv-t5LILAvGPp-5q-Asig8pnSYvX25Z5KkMSWkOsLcSQOU0rfXeIOI/s2048/P3610280-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1536" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7S9QHq-LiN_-fOlCJ8QRzVMCfCDYjmRzK8H7hzY3MgxYBAqGzyaA73k7cnaw6Vpm7yYrahNkMhiW2mbOPpgvM8urv-t5LILAvGPp-5q-Asig8pnSYvX25Z5KkMSWkOsLcSQOU0rfXeIOI/w480-h640/P3610280-1.jpg" width="480" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_9gcWk2sdsIA6mP8u6gSP41fXjJrf45BbTivIh_hZ5YR2jNNyjN8v9peRwoiXK0Cs11qW7cgy2nCuZotndS6V9smEju3GgpP4z5_ouYzP9kvt3VcM0qj_gD-zkgUAosuLHRy4MIL-hMMV/s2048/P3600845-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1536" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_9gcWk2sdsIA6mP8u6gSP41fXjJrf45BbTivIh_hZ5YR2jNNyjN8v9peRwoiXK0Cs11qW7cgy2nCuZotndS6V9smEju3GgpP4z5_ouYzP9kvt3VcM0qj_gD-zkgUAosuLHRy4MIL-hMMV/w480-h640/P3600845-1.jpg" width="480" /></a></div><div style="text-align: left;"></div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYZhjtVuOFaor8O7YPVpR6TB5zlTaGeJQEH95LX9bVjW6xr0_5TOJ_8V4MPGIoOM2JEzIKQHsyLlxXIM_5UPtbyyR8pppZzYjsAllX2mBzghBsVzLEc_IiP7AUq_-BEpiz4VN6lhz8j9Iq/s2048/P3600768-2.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1536" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYZhjtVuOFaor8O7YPVpR6TB5zlTaGeJQEH95LX9bVjW6xr0_5TOJ_8V4MPGIoOM2JEzIKQHsyLlxXIM_5UPtbyyR8pppZzYjsAllX2mBzghBsVzLEc_IiP7AUq_-BEpiz4VN6lhz8j9Iq/w480-h640/P3600768-2.jpg" width="480" /></a></div><br /><div> The fourth and final figure is Commerce. The first Tripolitan War was about the protection of commerce.</div><div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7b4e6t2f2JUQXVKg6fk4Q0VuC01PwTMiEw4eIfGGUOjR80-gBVT5E0y7hsGKdUNi8iRt1ku58RHpF5JPWQ2vi5jtAZreK6NdHX8cKcTsDzI0H4KdN_pWp4R7L-Un366FU63HMWOx5lyhy/s2048/P1790331-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1536" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7b4e6t2f2JUQXVKg6fk4Q0VuC01PwTMiEw4eIfGGUOjR80-gBVT5E0y7hsGKdUNi8iRt1ku58RHpF5JPWQ2vi5jtAZreK6NdHX8cKcTsDzI0H4KdN_pWp4R7L-Un366FU63HMWOx5lyhy/w480-h640/P1790331-1.jpg" width="480" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><i>Commerce</i> laments their fall.</b></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div>Latrobe likes this statue so much that he suspects Micali of either theft or plagiarism.<br /><div><blockquote>At the northeast corner is a figure of Commerce standing. His right hand points to the column, with the caduceus in the left. This is by far the best figure of the whole, in drawing, attitude, and spirit, and must have been executed either by a superior artist, or from a model by a first rate sculptor.</blockquote><p>Lossing illustrates Commerce with the caduceus.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhkUe3nHbBODkhc47ov1Erzc1yQS8-9Nvc6uy4JSek4hemjDSu4oHw5y3J4lTc5A8HIlWyqgzsUb4muLEZbw186v22PYMe8iukzsUY0wd92rpK1fIBO4RWc8yW-fHRnx1cqf_vq_hhT8yld/s376/NavalMonumentatAnnapolis-Commerce-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="376" data-original-width="306" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhkUe3nHbBODkhc47ov1Erzc1yQS8-9Nvc6uy4JSek4hemjDSu4oHw5y3J4lTc5A8HIlWyqgzsUb4muLEZbw186v22PYMe8iukzsUY0wd92rpK1fIBO4RWc8yW-fHRnx1cqf_vq_hhT8yld/w325-h400/NavalMonumentatAnnapolis-Commerce-1.jpg" width="325" /></a></div><p>Like History's pen, Commerce's caduceus disappeared in 1814 when British troops occupied the Navy Yard. His other attribute a cornucopia was broken at that time.</p></div></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjzxZuAIZe61_H-tYtgWGSqbjGgsSz61X7EKgeCzFUOkO_CGNGn1SrlgmJqRsCWsPSgeHvwP1L4rFYZL6nz-34xoPs5Cf1gDuRzTCcrGdo6cBgwH5A92oJWQksH9gRzoAieBUF8SydbaxQP/s2048/P1790233-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1536" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjzxZuAIZe61_H-tYtgWGSqbjGgsSz61X7EKgeCzFUOkO_CGNGn1SrlgmJqRsCWsPSgeHvwP1L4rFYZL6nz-34xoPs5Cf1gDuRzTCcrGdo6cBgwH5A92oJWQksH9gRzoAieBUF8SydbaxQP/w480-h640/P1790233-1.jpg" width="480" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiUrRYnnDMyi9ELxLr7IqSMN6H1ZSf5YfEc9TkeOSXuj18ycnBhxjU5jRTwkKZ4xjkzKjXqPJEE7SiAL-nyc7dNtshGBIYdYnXcSg0en1p0Do3277HTdgKWUYCucn2MADJKIBfSkRGo55wg/s2048/P3610299-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1536" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiUrRYnnDMyi9ELxLr7IqSMN6H1ZSf5YfEc9TkeOSXuj18ycnBhxjU5jRTwkKZ4xjkzKjXqPJEE7SiAL-nyc7dNtshGBIYdYnXcSg0en1p0Do3277HTdgKWUYCucn2MADJKIBfSkRGo55wg/w480-h640/P3610299-1.jpg" width="480" /></a></div><div><br /></div><div>This box at the base of the column was apparently intended to hold the ashes of the dead officers. </div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgaM57qtCCDntmfnRnVoDXzK3b-UN-oQsNJWQfIq4-YvW0MUPZ5kjhE6XWGFTUqBRogOskL9WIai6cYTCdegwYslz7O-5pC4v9PLqqiYuXkiCP84rLhH0tfPPeBROrMUfeqGgNwCv2g1Le8/s2048/P3600773-2.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1871" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgaM57qtCCDntmfnRnVoDXzK3b-UN-oQsNJWQfIq4-YvW0MUPZ5kjhE6XWGFTUqBRogOskL9WIai6cYTCdegwYslz7O-5pC4v9PLqqiYuXkiCP84rLhH0tfPPeBROrMUfeqGgNwCv2g1Le8/w365-h400/P3600773-2.jpg" width="365" /></a></div><div><br /></div>Lossing's drawing shows a latin inscription.<div><br /><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_PL0it3CmUP55eHQ2LMUIo9YJqRGnRf22Q57st7CItd8_K4hlhKBaHwaDQaRqNEHERtt7m3hxNZut8yHUin9442M1xhFPOBH8RXHfineE_XDvUSJ4ig1Ne3RMif-x-6InPJ4SX03gzi-1/s834/HicDecorae.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="834" data-original-width="676" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_PL0it3CmUP55eHQ2LMUIo9YJqRGnRf22Q57st7CItd8_K4hlhKBaHwaDQaRqNEHERtt7m3hxNZut8yHUin9442M1xhFPOBH8RXHfineE_XDvUSJ4ig1Ne3RMif-x-6InPJ4SX03gzi-1/w324-h400/HicDecorae.jpg" width="324" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;">Hic decorae functorum in bello virorum cineres</div><div style="text-align: center;">Here are deposited the sacred ashes of men who fell in war.</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">No remains are actually interred in the monument and the inscription has disappeared.</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><a href="http://landmarks.allenbrowne.info/Tripoli/Porter/Quote.htm" target="_blank">Commodore Porter</a>, who claimed to have designed the monument, sums it up:<div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><blockquote>Suitable descriptive inscriptions in English, explanatory of its object, and by whom erected, were placed on it; and one, among others, purporting that the heroes, whose ashes were supposed to be deposited in it, had been inspired by the love of Glory, (represented by the lamps which surrounded the base;) and Fame, after crowning them, had presented to them the Palm. Commerce, bearing the Cornucopia, is represented lamenting the fall of its protectors. The bas-relief at the foot of the naval column, represents the battles fought before Tripoli, which America is pointing out and describing to her admiring children, and History is calmly seated at the base, looking back, recording the past events, with a golden pen.</blockquote></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">The rostral column is the traditional classical form for a naval monument. Ships prows,</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">rostra, project from the column.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj5SlyuTTrJRq2A1pSXA9FE4YvC9iw0y23Wz6fZDMnVnYQUtVhkFDp_7-rFkWJ_wio2O7rL-lL56FkcHG4Y_QGHYr1fkYrtsvXD-eTvon9T7BAHuOcYdFDpzJwJ-OYqwXVptr50HOD5Mn8U/s2048/P3600950-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1536" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj5SlyuTTrJRq2A1pSXA9FE4YvC9iw0y23Wz6fZDMnVnYQUtVhkFDp_7-rFkWJ_wio2O7rL-lL56FkcHG4Y_QGHYr1fkYrtsvXD-eTvon9T7BAHuOcYdFDpzJwJ-OYqwXVptr50HOD5Mn8U/w480-h640/P3600950-1.jpg" width="480" /></a></div><span style="font-size: medium;"><div style="text-align: center;"><b>Rostrum</b></div></span> </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">Other Details of the monument include the eagle on the top of the rostral column,</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjezBnYjhMYZW3aalyQsawiR__avMrIFCCUwbNREe92IkqWFCas1pKLVfXePpPQaiUo8PT_k5f_PkiOMRzUt2ho7pYRSgAHcrZJBvfe7aiOkCXopDzhjBESp_D05QUqqgWgS_JPzyHNxa68/s2048/P1790479-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1536" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjezBnYjhMYZW3aalyQsawiR__avMrIFCCUwbNREe92IkqWFCas1pKLVfXePpPQaiUo8PT_k5f_PkiOMRzUt2ho7pYRSgAHcrZJBvfe7aiOkCXopDzhjBESp_D05QUqqgWgS_JPzyHNxa68/w480-h640/P1790479-1.jpg" width="480" /></a></div><b><div style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: medium;">E Pluribus Unum</span></b></div></b><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div>and of course, Pirates.<div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiw6aawgqxW3panT_d3E1Qc2TKj2dybkWRQT1IexKolarUAv22CGLEwmS8lRkJE7yuxT3NmXUlw0RMNqMx4Lqz9qreQud0rKVBUdwFF-5BdRDpvyvRNGg8vlktEUKB9s1WZlIYzXs2sEzMS/s2048/P3600879-2.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1336" data-original-width="2048" height="261" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiw6aawgqxW3panT_d3E1Qc2TKj2dybkWRQT1IexKolarUAv22CGLEwmS8lRkJE7yuxT3NmXUlw0RMNqMx4Lqz9qreQud0rKVBUdwFF-5BdRDpvyvRNGg8vlktEUKB9s1WZlIYzXs2sEzMS/w400-h261/P3600879-2.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b style="font-size: large;">Pirate</b></div><div><br /></div></div></div></div></div>Allen Brownehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02871983840550191787noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2073838520097258789.post-58445857174650591932021-02-01T17:52:00.005-05:002021-02-06T10:15:47.716-05:00Queen Anne's County Courthouse<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgtdWvZVerODmCnZUOjI_zQtYE00m1z6-BjaQn4y86Te6BjS8KRcLaJNVKf22mOqFcxBcJLIJpSUjN-kER8hj47MVG8iT7soq3l6-z3wYO9ev6bIUMTCI_5_W9mv0N3CmxZH8H0sN9WLRLl/s2048/P1440122-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1536" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgtdWvZVerODmCnZUOjI_zQtYE00m1z6-BjaQn4y86Te6BjS8KRcLaJNVKf22mOqFcxBcJLIJpSUjN-kER8hj47MVG8iT7soq3l6-z3wYO9ev6bIUMTCI_5_W9mv0N3CmxZH8H0sN9WLRLl/w480-h640/P1440122-1.jpg" width="480" /></a><span><a name='more'></a></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjsOCX-XMjImnLiZ8Q5OB4t3hqU73ox4a-_W5OcCK1avG9GuNKEoKS1j-4RBoGub6BQITgz9bLcYkChecyYxycaOG-NwwTqK4YZaboKRRUDplVuvdMGIJm0Z-nPaqw2Db5Wjy_15ue2CGre/s2048/P1430999-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1536" data-original-width="2048" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjsOCX-XMjImnLiZ8Q5OB4t3hqU73ox4a-_W5OcCK1avG9GuNKEoKS1j-4RBoGub6BQITgz9bLcYkChecyYxycaOG-NwwTqK4YZaboKRRUDplVuvdMGIJm0Z-nPaqw2Db5Wjy_15ue2CGre/w400-h300/P1430999-1.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0_OOjNPbvZlfI3bTVjgTCwSBP8F0XmcqoDL4hdU8JHnAJE4eXdaBtawNgOUxBeNu4nBho7ksxCVgBcfWhNOdUPRlotAPFwsxX-0bFrsJshz9oWLaJCj_DuacvsYyQURW-x90OV0MdVIkw/s2048/P1440215-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1536" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0_OOjNPbvZlfI3bTVjgTCwSBP8F0XmcqoDL4hdU8JHnAJE4eXdaBtawNgOUxBeNu4nBho7ksxCVgBcfWhNOdUPRlotAPFwsxX-0bFrsJshz9oWLaJCj_DuacvsYyQURW-x90OV0MdVIkw/w480-h640/P1440215-1.jpg" width="480" /></a></div><p>In 2012, paper signs flanking the courthouse door at 100 courthouse square, Centreville Md, told the story of the Courthouse and the town of Centreville. The sign to the right of the front door is entitled: The Queen Anne's County Court House." </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgS_6GJZy9Pb9GT-Agl1yvKu-J6_II-jIx5EZDtQN5avgVYkfFYezSbnDrAg2pxOuKbMIskbWXEvmxufmlg76JrfA5vKZizPhdEmfLMFUqiGFkE2yUSY3kQJcwajEOw8TVzj67xKODPBYPv/s2048/P1440107-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1425" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgS_6GJZy9Pb9GT-Agl1yvKu-J6_II-jIx5EZDtQN5avgVYkfFYezSbnDrAg2pxOuKbMIskbWXEvmxufmlg76JrfA5vKZizPhdEmfLMFUqiGFkE2yUSY3kQJcwajEOw8TVzj67xKODPBYPv/w446-h640/P1440107-1.jpg" width="446" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6jWMTlnZ_MD5LD96aY5THrLQQT1RUY25JzrpJenj_sgvYWbmK9gyHRqcX4bq51Hv0N1RtmvJ4-CJA0yhG1WTXcid5c6Sd8fWy60O8mxjMY644_RkD26LMRZ3a7SgLNSTj73qmWfdtzTGG/s2048/P1440095-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1373" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6jWMTlnZ_MD5LD96aY5THrLQQT1RUY25JzrpJenj_sgvYWbmK9gyHRqcX4bq51Hv0N1RtmvJ4-CJA0yhG1WTXcid5c6Sd8fWy60O8mxjMY644_RkD26LMRZ3a7SgLNSTj73qmWfdtzTGG/w430-h640/P1440095-1.jpg" width="430" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-family: Courgette;"><b></b></span><blockquote><span style="font-family: Courgette;"><b><u>The Queen Anne’s County Court House</u></b></span><br /><br />The Queen Anne’s County Court House was constructed at the time when the county seat was removed from Queenstown to Centreville.<br /><br />It was accepted by the County Court on June 1, 1796, and ordered to be “Taken held and deemed to be the proper Court House of Queen Anne’s County”.<br /><br />The Court House (and the town of Centreville, which was built simultaneously) was erected on a plantation known as “Chesterfield”, The ancestral home of Honorable Judge Joseph Hopper Nicholson,<br />Who was then living on the tract.<br /><br />Judge Nicholson became Chief Judge of the Sixth Judicial Circuit (then comprising Baltimore and Harford counties) and a judge of the Court of Appeals<br /><br />He was a Member of the U.S. House of Representatives who when painfully ill, was carried into Congress to cast the deciding vote for Thomas Jefferson in his battle with Aaron Burr over the Presidency.<br /><br />Incidentally, Judge Nicholson was the person who suggested the music for the “Star Spangled Banner”<br />(Francis Scott Key was his brother-in-law)<br /><br />Carroll T. Bond once wrote that Judge Nicholson was “another of those half-forgotten personalities who wait by to reward historical investigations”.<br /><br />The Court House remained in its original state until after the Civil War. <div><br /></div><div>In 1876, plans were made to rebuild that structure “on a scale which will change it from on of the most inconvenient to one of the most desirable of our county buildings”.<br /><br />Aside from the reconstruction, which was accomplished for Six thousand Eight Hundred Dollars, the exterior of the Court House is virtually the same as it was when originally constructed.<br /><br />An interesting (and often overlooked) feature is the<br /><br /><span style="font-family: Courgette;"><b>Gold Eagle</b></span><br /><br />Which appears in the pediment above the main portion of the building. It is undoubtedly a reflection of the fervent patriotism of the early citizens of the County, who were less than a decade from the ratification of the Federal Constitution.</div></blockquote><div></div><div><div style="text-align: left;">(These same words appear in <a href="https://www.courts.state.md.us/clerks/queenannes/histcthouse" target="_blank">Maryland Courts: The Queen Anne's County Courthouse</a>)</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">The latest version of the <b style="font-family: Courgette;">Gold Eagle</b> can be seen in the pediment over the courthouse door:</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiX1NjtKXcMkJDGqGCIxrEX-r67i9DgdAwoODmR3Z39gXDjREzMUm5MtdIuM_zdMDG7KB62hz8DrmvH7kkattsgcvczXWDvNOWyklXLarkrAH1Nmk0YnmdUDjL7EHkVh2dZdxi1cM4G_iCI/s2048/P1440086-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1911" data-original-width="2048" height="374" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiX1NjtKXcMkJDGqGCIxrEX-r67i9DgdAwoODmR3Z39gXDjREzMUm5MtdIuM_zdMDG7KB62hz8DrmvH7kkattsgcvczXWDvNOWyklXLarkrAH1Nmk0YnmdUDjL7EHkVh2dZdxi1cM4G_iCI/w400-h374/P1440086-1.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div>A 1977 statue of Queen Anne dominates the square.<br /> </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEie1k3Q81I-Sx8UyLYg9yJ4at0mBD4VTr0ysMAtpgni0HxVFW-BD7g6L5Ts9ORx-ahonHajcw_ucb93krQrO1_jGBmR_kJB15Djw5WgUaovLJ1IuoTjtcZt0WTBMcPW4Ji0fILbk_uTExwM/s2048/P1430955-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1634" data-original-width="2048" height="319" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEie1k3Q81I-Sx8UyLYg9yJ4at0mBD4VTr0ysMAtpgni0HxVFW-BD7g6L5Ts9ORx-ahonHajcw_ucb93krQrO1_jGBmR_kJB15Djw5WgUaovLJ1IuoTjtcZt0WTBMcPW4Ji0fILbk_uTExwM/w400-h319/P1430955-1.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;">South East Elevation</div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgpr5tFSaCarMebJ24wL9qGYu0IOPTRN02ok6NrYW6CvKYQpRFzgN7NdzC_huaZJK8onoH6wLyPg9kiUoj35ReCsKx-dnJ24FuFPP4hAZZ63kURAFS2PT2Mcx1BtcBuYgVlIiDK6nmWZ3VK/s2048/P1430995-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1536" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgpr5tFSaCarMebJ24wL9qGYu0IOPTRN02ok6NrYW6CvKYQpRFzgN7NdzC_huaZJK8onoH6wLyPg9kiUoj35ReCsKx-dnJ24FuFPP4hAZZ63kURAFS2PT2Mcx1BtcBuYgVlIiDK6nmWZ3VK/w480-h640/P1430995-1.jpg" width="480" /></a></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">See <a href="https://allencbrowne.blogspot.com/2021/01/queen-anne.html" target="_blank">Queen Anne in the Portrait Gallery</a> blog.</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEipEUi2xwCqeElGlc6yvKFBcRrIfudI4Ru9WslWUV6p_-p7mnt_Z1E3WzpVFwcINREu5CdN4r1CMAXXvdFQ8xWZt-sMKWeTpOKXe69z3CyPWWUZi904uYyhg7V6SLkNu1866AwVVBZPOSKT/s2048/P1440133-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1536" data-original-width="2048" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEipEUi2xwCqeElGlc6yvKFBcRrIfudI4Ru9WslWUV6p_-p7mnt_Z1E3WzpVFwcINREu5CdN4r1CMAXXvdFQ8xWZt-sMKWeTpOKXe69z3CyPWWUZi904uYyhg7V6SLkNu1866AwVVBZPOSKT/w400-h300/P1440133-1.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;">Northern Aspect</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjScea30iFeSrA8yqwQ4JLzorO-j5nWTyrUkESOmhK6iKmXMMcmpAp15wR61xoYF9SnpaUOno8ixin4Uo7ym9PdF0uwaPh48exbXEL1DWyg6ssoYW55pQf_zYboVeO_LebBZQP0S-kDrD4I/s2048/P1440125-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1536" data-original-width="2048" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjScea30iFeSrA8yqwQ4JLzorO-j5nWTyrUkESOmhK6iKmXMMcmpAp15wR61xoYF9SnpaUOno8ixin4Uo7ym9PdF0uwaPh48exbXEL1DWyg6ssoYW55pQf_zYboVeO_LebBZQP0S-kDrD4I/w400-h300/P1440125-1.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;">South West Face</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">Directly across Lawyer's Row, south-west of the courthouse can be found (at least at Christmas time) the law offices of Scrooge and Marley, (The Queen Anne Building, Headquarters of the <a href="https://www.interrail-transport.com/contact/" target="_blank">Inter-Rail Group</a>) at 115 Lawyer's Row.</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZ1RlS_rLkt4ouOwhKKBmavIROY4nP7wZza_bSw2uU7JIOReejArh185JFHXCS4H2GYCxhH2UqdJIIKmkjDoFINyB7dOHG8wfCgwLd0_L7msAxxOYTJACD-XWI1ybm_04TBGc87zj5mG5O/s2048/P1440128-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1587" data-original-width="2048" height="310" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZ1RlS_rLkt4ouOwhKKBmavIROY4nP7wZza_bSw2uU7JIOReejArh185JFHXCS4H2GYCxhH2UqdJIIKmkjDoFINyB7dOHG8wfCgwLd0_L7msAxxOYTJACD-XWI1ybm_04TBGc87zj5mG5O/w400-h310/P1440128-1.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2jJyqJeHT2V_qQ4LNlMvlX_nt7jUUSJFep39MLMY8oKRxKXZAntl-zlP9ELv2kcBvRcNqDkJXWgrbO6BpYIf1ItVKfG0w-pdxytYAtXyv_EHG0fu4GQ8AkK5oilf_Yarfwpvq6aFXOqRv/s2048/P1440129-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1536" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2jJyqJeHT2V_qQ4LNlMvlX_nt7jUUSJFep39MLMY8oKRxKXZAntl-zlP9ELv2kcBvRcNqDkJXWgrbO6BpYIf1ItVKfG0w-pdxytYAtXyv_EHG0fu4GQ8AkK5oilf_Yarfwpvq6aFXOqRv/w480-h640/P1440129-1.jpg" width="480" /></a></div><br /><div>The National Register Nomination Form for the Centreville Historic District gives this information on the Queen Anne Building:</div><div><div style="text-align: center;"></div></div><blockquote><div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Queen Anne's Building</span></div><div style="text-align: center;">115 Lawyers' Row</div><div style="text-align: center;">c. 1873 </div><div style="text-align: center;">QA-314</div></div><div style="text-align: left;"><div>Description:</div><div><br /></div><div>Large 2½-story brick building with decorative slate mansard roof, scrolled brackets. Constructed by prominent Centreville citizen J.W. Perry, originally served as newspaper office for Record (which later merged with the Observer to form the current Record-Observer) One of largest commercial buildings in Centreville. Currently law office/office building. -- <a href="https://mht.maryland.gov/secure/medusa/PDF/NR_PDFs/NR-1385.pdf" target="_blank">Page 69, National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet QA-541 Centreville Historic District. </a></div></div></blockquote><div style="text-align: left;"><div></div></div><div> On the left side of the front door of the Courthouse is a sign entitled: "Short History of Centreville".</div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiLgR3iSEEc2x2exgONOgs_blHTxjBC8s90FWg3p4hCUn9dGT1R3VC_Vq24JjRJAWexp5eOdmMM53pCmzCU1wNdmzO5_MRr5-0ieqMG98HO3YbHosiW-X2eSP7a8dvMtmAf5Y59Zw1eLsaA/s2048/P1440104-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1320" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiLgR3iSEEc2x2exgONOgs_blHTxjBC8s90FWg3p4hCUn9dGT1R3VC_Vq24JjRJAWexp5eOdmMM53pCmzCU1wNdmzO5_MRr5-0ieqMG98HO3YbHosiW-X2eSP7a8dvMtmAf5Y59Zw1eLsaA/w412-h640/P1440104-1.jpg" width="412" /></a></div><br /><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRN2hvmyTIG76Sw9Q_hvUxYfudrgKYIZYL9wdYAzvNCE8SJwV303Wzi-OVVHUFGU6FQ6OzEVIztFy1fhROVg_4Kl0WR0lpW_QZ5TmOyIf_05iBbxmHlojUXVl6PG8k1RuFxWfhq_X8IHSq/s2048/P1440101-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1372" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRN2hvmyTIG76Sw9Q_hvUxYfudrgKYIZYL9wdYAzvNCE8SJwV303Wzi-OVVHUFGU6FQ6OzEVIztFy1fhROVg_4Kl0WR0lpW_QZ5TmOyIf_05iBbxmHlojUXVl6PG8k1RuFxWfhq_X8IHSq/w428-h640/P1440101-1.jpg" width="428" /></a></div><blockquote><div><b><span style="font-family: Courgette;">Short History of Centreville</span></b></div><div><br /></div><div>In 1782, an Act of the Assembly authorized the removal of the county seat from Queenstown to a more central part of the county. That’s why the town was named “Centre Ville” with French spelling because of the post-Revolutionary War admiration for the French.</div><div><br /></div><div>Ten years passed before acquiring the site where the Courthouse now stands from Elizabeth Nicholson, “not more than 2 acres on a hill rising at her outer gate, adjoining the main road leading from Chester Mill to Chester Hill where the road from Corsica Warehouse (a tobacco custom house) intersects the main road.”</div><div><br /></div><div>Construction began on the Courthouse in 1792. Two years later the original town commissioners of Centre Ville, appointed by the legislature in 1794, designed the town on 37 lots arranged along two north-south streets, Commerce and Liberty Street. Water Street was the main east-west road. The original commissioners were, Richard Hall, Henry Story, William Hopper, Emory Sudler Jr., John Wells, Richard Tilghman Earle, and Honorable Joseph Hopper Nicholson.</div><div><br /></div><div>The courthouse was completed sometime after 1792 and the first recorded case was heard in 1794. It is the only courthouse in Maryland which has been in continuous use since its construction. In 1877, the main building was extended 80 feet in width and the northern wing doubled in size. It remains the centerpiece of the town with its tree-shaded green, boxwood hedges and the bronze statute (sic) of HRH Princess Anne that was built in 1977.</div><div><br /></div><div>An Act of the Assembly in 1796 provided for the building of a market in Centreville and the town commissioners advertised in 1797 for a structure to be 28 x 14 feet with the cost of construction to be defrayed by subscription. In 1877, the Market House was replaced by the Town Hall, a frame building 40 x 70 fee with a brick structure underneath where fire equipment was kept. In front were shops and a large room plays, meetings, dances etc.</div><div><br /></div><div>In 1803, work began on an Academy in Centreville, and in 1804, the trustees advertised for two teachers. Another school was started the next year. The Primary school system was established in 1826, and in 1893, the Male Academy (now a bed and breakfast on North Commerce Street) was absorbed into the school system.</div><div><br /></div><div>The Centreville Jockey Club announced horse racing in 1805 at a location called Clover Green. Local tavern keepers offered purses; most of the horses were bred locally and trained by their owners.</div><div><br /></div><div>St. Paul’s Parish built the first church on the old Queenstown Road near Centreville around 1640, which was replaced in 1690 with a brick building. A church was suggested for Centreville in 1831 and the cornerstone laid in 1834. The old Chester Church was torn down and some of the timbers and bricks were used in the new building.</div><div>Soon after 1800, the town was becoming a market location for the area. Thomas C. Earle had a general store in 1804, while James Nicholson and George Alwood opened a grocery store the same year. The first bank was erected in 1876 and another bank was opened in Lawyers Row in 1884. The first bank remains the Centreville National and the second, the Queen Anne’s Bank, is now the Town Office.</div><div><br /></div><div>A town centennial was celebrated on July 4, 1876, with a procession of children led by R. Goldsborough, William D. Keating and J. W. Chambers. An oration was delivered by R. R. Weedon; Wilmer Emory read from the Declaration of Independence; a salute was fired and music provided by the Easton Mozart Bank. </div><div><br /></div><div>While in Centreville don’t miss where it all began at “PG1”, now marked by a brass pin in the sidewalk adjacent to the Centreville National Bank. For further details. See the adjacent sign on the wall of the bank building.</div></blockquote><p>The brass pin marking PG1 is on the corner of Commerce Street and Lawyer's Row, at the Centreville National Bank building. </p><div></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi568M7WT_FSlq0QR0VVoZev0lOGs-G2etGf0jmNnzGgqbqjYbkmaEONHsjOo_xMMxuredvtnlREWc10_YvIeHZ9vFHnGICedUeNDbRu9NC78SehE0g2GqK7GsZ-hhE6ruchk15WdEEO0PH/s2048/P1440180-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1536" data-original-width="2048" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi568M7WT_FSlq0QR0VVoZev0lOGs-G2etGf0jmNnzGgqbqjYbkmaEONHsjOo_xMMxuredvtnlREWc10_YvIeHZ9vFHnGICedUeNDbRu9NC78SehE0g2GqK7GsZ-hhE6ruchk15WdEEO0PH/w400-h300/P1440180-1.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"> P G 1</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_A8Ghe7y33jYkFqwJLgsYdEKYWZ8fof7yM7RU1rhkNCuX7bBoT4QrheLBW02Ea7C50D3kxw_ZJsSG0a1lfgGMPklzO6ifQK5v2GOvLOtOpb3CZlej38gMX4FUjKnWwsIxVtYclJQb4Crx/s2048/P1440192-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1536" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_A8Ghe7y33jYkFqwJLgsYdEKYWZ8fof7yM7RU1rhkNCuX7bBoT4QrheLBW02Ea7C50D3kxw_ZJsSG0a1lfgGMPklzO6ifQK5v2GOvLOtOpb3CZlej38gMX4FUjKnWwsIxVtYclJQb4Crx/w480-h640/P1440192-1.jpg" width="480" /></a></div><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9TQGQE0d_sPe_nkYEzp0l9zVDVGUvKr_KLlvzby_wXx_Bhratj7H_-cDO4GHnqoAPj5mRo-0bC_UTVlA1bmbWEOfYe8M0YZ7C4uSkSsFO-V_YLmxIo4vNi9b9rVRCtaqJWvgTMVDD09B7/s2048/P1440176-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1536" data-original-width="2048" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9TQGQE0d_sPe_nkYEzp0l9zVDVGUvKr_KLlvzby_wXx_Bhratj7H_-cDO4GHnqoAPj5mRo-0bC_UTVlA1bmbWEOfYe8M0YZ7C4uSkSsFO-V_YLmxIo4vNi9b9rVRCtaqJWvgTMVDD09B7/w400-h300/P1440176-1.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><blockquote>The brass pin in the adjoining sidewalk marks the former location of the stone known as "P.G. No. 1", recognized since 1791 as the beginning point of the "Public Ground" now occupied by the Court House and the reference point for all of the original lots in the town of "Centre Ville".</blockquote><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh99EXfTOtw4zj0fDMGO9GmUYzicndJw7g4U0IQEcOPHfLaKd6JipI9CGM9fZPBZ_4HWA-9s3Z7d4OxmSYESiABs1MG7YHjSVOCBf0hI9FWwLVumru-KAwIHnJ_KXII8es2VE4xKReDa9NI/s2048/P1440207-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1438" data-original-width="2048" height="281" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh99EXfTOtw4zj0fDMGO9GmUYzicndJw7g4U0IQEcOPHfLaKd6JipI9CGM9fZPBZ_4HWA-9s3Z7d4OxmSYESiABs1MG7YHjSVOCBf0hI9FWwLVumru-KAwIHnJ_KXII8es2VE4xKReDa9NI/w400-h281/P1440207-1.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><p style="text-align: center;"> C<span style="text-align: center;">entreville National Bank</span></p><p style="text-align: left;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjk5NlYE0BzKeCXcJ2VILT3DHNlGxmCyV1VEMzgTwlg1fCMmRq4s9PfuVjLzTyE70-HwE8LTMRlwBxQYNWc9EOVqL-ndbSxL0K_UZp2ux-ZRc1IZVMG6_PXHGlmU7TfcwT1kWRgtksqano1/s2048/P1440201-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1536" data-original-width="2048" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjk5NlYE0BzKeCXcJ2VILT3DHNlGxmCyV1VEMzgTwlg1fCMmRq4s9PfuVjLzTyE70-HwE8LTMRlwBxQYNWc9EOVqL-ndbSxL0K_UZp2ux-ZRc1IZVMG6_PXHGlmU7TfcwT1kWRgtksqano1/w400-h300/P1440201-1.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhw_j9G11EoE-cimhllH9cHX6OMxJnXKpA1UwzayyEWOAdgWQ9TQKBusRAR7V2W0XmY0DAedbTracd8A-DScEA59gQWhIt2o2c8MS4mzrmlX4q6SSwVOkUiuLviHwkdIS6w_wcbICK-nWGh/s2048/P1440195-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1537" data-original-width="2048" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhw_j9G11EoE-cimhllH9cHX6OMxJnXKpA1UwzayyEWOAdgWQ9TQKBusRAR7V2W0XmY0DAedbTracd8A-DScEA59gQWhIt2o2c8MS4mzrmlX4q6SSwVOkUiuLviHwkdIS6w_wcbICK-nWGh/w400-h300/P1440195-1.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><span style="text-align: center;"><blockquote style="text-align: left;">In 1876 The Centreville National Bank of Maryland (predecessor to CNB) was established, and in 1904 constructed this building, its headquarters, to replace the one nearby that was destroyed by fire.</blockquote><p> </p></span><p></p>Allen Brownehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02871983840550191787noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2073838520097258789.post-36881224051764413582018-01-26T17:56:00.007-05:002024-01-23T07:58:09.936-05:00A Monument To the Lost Cause<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZWMUWPgWQXiip35B6e96UVHEIRlQ6hKtzHVf5t8oLJeGR8e6rZhPDfp-qGqiYiaFtnrkA4AtteKsQPtdENYb82ZxFPCS0cxOCCS8i6KopBmXAQvAmYxwa2TtOsU075THoAcyU-xve3fv4/s1600/P3090191-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1200" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZWMUWPgWQXiip35B6e96UVHEIRlQ6hKtzHVf5t8oLJeGR8e6rZhPDfp-qGqiYiaFtnrkA4AtteKsQPtdENYb82ZxFPCS0cxOCCS8i6KopBmXAQvAmYxwa2TtOsU075THoAcyU-xve3fv4/s640/P3090191-1.jpg" width="480" /> </a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>The Confederate Monument in Arlington National Cemetery.</b></span></div>
<a name='more'></a><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEji-Myb5QvKQCRJYQeCoCPM376SWRJHOY5Zc_7yYSQ2b_jUTLKUfk3kmyJQ1HLAGZhplvFkeER2R3aROlDh2rrEkn5ezQgimPS79hy5RAYslnni-tvgcFswR_2Kfz6xrC98TISozvv4aC6f/s1600/P3100212-2.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1275" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEji-Myb5QvKQCRJYQeCoCPM376SWRJHOY5Zc_7yYSQ2b_jUTLKUfk3kmyJQ1HLAGZhplvFkeER2R3aROlDh2rrEkn5ezQgimPS79hy5RAYslnni-tvgcFswR_2Kfz6xrC98TISozvv4aC6f/s640/P3100212-2.jpg" width="508" /></a></div>
<br />
The confederate monument in Arlington National Cemetery was unveiled on Jefferson Davis' birthday in 1914. In 1900, Congress authorized that a section of Arlington Cemetery be used for the burial of Confederate dead. By 1901 all the confederates buried in the national cemeteries in Alexandria and at the Soldier's Home in Washington were re-buried here. "Among the 482 persons buried there are 46 officers, 351 enlisted men, 58 wives, 15 southern civilians, and 12 unknowns. They are buried in concentric circles around the Confederate Monument, and their graves are marked with headstones that are distinct for their pointed tops." -- Arlington National Cemetery.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjXEvikit-IwuYOBn8eLAjtrJ72LGFWnIYXck5S7rsRTfqgd2fF0Bg9weY_45kcnAJGz83N57ow8zpeNVZhpnNB_lIs92bRpqSy3qaz1xzSbbbiqrMRGfg9WiXPswO1Kkfa8-tQ45whm5YF/s1600/P3100271-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1076" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjXEvikit-IwuYOBn8eLAjtrJ72LGFWnIYXck5S7rsRTfqgd2fF0Bg9weY_45kcnAJGz83N57ow8zpeNVZhpnNB_lIs92bRpqSy3qaz1xzSbbbiqrMRGfg9WiXPswO1Kkfa8-tQ45whm5YF/s640/P3100271-1.jpg" width="430" /></a></div>
<br />
This library of Congress photo shows the unveiling in 1914.<br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: right;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgFC_tvf9TXJhXn6umeLvOyqMOLCi-EUPbX_wcvzuy2mEP0DAB1mGiIawKgHD-hRcqmzRBSwZXTuQni5todk-_oUKDAAFwQOwngeNm9vN0yFoAex6NhnnJ9kPbqrnCKZgDAmvBFBzT-ZVYh/s1600/Unveiling.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1271" data-original-width="1600" height="507" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgFC_tvf9TXJhXn6umeLvOyqMOLCi-EUPbX_wcvzuy2mEP0DAB1mGiIawKgHD-hRcqmzRBSwZXTuQni5todk-_oUKDAAFwQOwngeNm9vN0yFoAex6NhnnJ9kPbqrnCKZgDAmvBFBzT-ZVYh/s640/Unveiling.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>"This Chapter in History is Now Closed."</b></span><br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEggCUewgmqF18XUj2ubP3IywYrLK-3o4SR3oik9CL1Fuhsh1Kk8SuH42MgOdX-AnWpUVsnC_zVw1NCr2HTdovBGgA5rHuB32reyEt6DO6vsaaoyURwh6X_zpNmVj7blDWRXb7YUj2XXmNKb/s1600/Wilson.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1200" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEggCUewgmqF18XUj2ubP3IywYrLK-3o4SR3oik9CL1Fuhsh1Kk8SuH42MgOdX-AnWpUVsnC_zVw1NCr2HTdovBGgA5rHuB32reyEt6DO6vsaaoyURwh6X_zpNmVj7blDWRXb7YUj2XXmNKb/s640/Wilson.jpg" width="480" /></a></div>
<br />
Woodrow Wilson offered these remarks:<div><blockquote> "I assure you that I am profoundly aware of the solemn significance of this thing that has taken place. The Daughters of the Confederacy have presented a memorial of their dead to the government of the United States... My task is this, ladies and gentlemen: This chapter in the history of the United States is now closed, and I can bid you to turn with me with your faces to the future, quickened by the memories of the past, but with nothing to do with the contests of the past, knowing, as we have shed our blood on opposite sides, we now face and admire one another." -- <a href="http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/06/12/AR2007061201881.html" target="_blank">Washington Post, June 17, 2007</a>.</blockquote>Many "Lost Cause" monuments were constructed in the early 20th century when the white people of America were able to reconcile after the "the late unpleasantness" at the expense of black Americans who were increasingly discriminated against in what came to be called "The Jim Crow era." Wilson himself re-segregated the federal bureaucracy in this era, and segregated the Navy for the first time. <br />
<br />
The Iconography of the monument as designed and sculpted by Moses Ezekiel is rich and complex. The monument is topped by an allegorical statue of a woman representing The South. "Her head is crowned with olive leaves, her left hand extends a laurel wreath toward the south, acknowledging the sacrifice of her fallen sons. Her right hand holds a pruning hook resting on a plow stock. These symbols bring to life the biblical passage inscribed at her feet: 'And they shall beat their swords into plow shares and their spears into pruning hooks.'" -- ANC.<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjAqfQ8Q6XfpDc-kFzZe9HpeFTggG9t6JFLajPxEflye5RVGd_NJx2FEjw3w5THUov5s219cojfkke3xTqlg1il9x3nK8DLCzBEz4h-JQCD0Q4OXAlFtYxACcIY257MaqaQyJx6Nz_NbtLu/s1600/P3090188-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1200" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjAqfQ8Q6XfpDc-kFzZe9HpeFTggG9t6JFLajPxEflye5RVGd_NJx2FEjw3w5THUov5s219cojfkke3xTqlg1il9x3nK8DLCzBEz4h-JQCD0Q4OXAlFtYxACcIY257MaqaQyJx6Nz_NbtLu/s640/P3090188-1.jpg" width="480" /></a></div>
<br />
On the pedestal on the south face of the monument is the seal of the Confederacy and a dedication.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTRf2wzVwF2GS7KCgMbK73FUP2hJFXH9tkGDHE3w6QAUbgj2cbL5uj6yQdb1un6IzKpABJNEGyzns6IvY9XxGVqXrHXzdp6B1EhHHe5EqyaMGnrqj0rRuNioWpGzWfDwaVZduwbVaTp2M-/s1600/P3090408-2.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1600" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTRf2wzVwF2GS7KCgMbK73FUP2hJFXH9tkGDHE3w6QAUbgj2cbL5uj6yQdb1un6IzKpABJNEGyzns6IvY9XxGVqXrHXzdp6B1EhHHe5EqyaMGnrqj0rRuNioWpGzWfDwaVZduwbVaTp2M-/s400/P3090408-2.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">The <a href="http://landmarks.allenbrowne.info/ConfederateSeal/Resolution.htm" target="_blank">1863 Confederate statute</a> that established the seal says:</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><blockquote>“<i>Resolved, by the Congress of the Confederate States of America</i>, That the seal of the Confederate States shall consist of a device representing an equestrian portrait of Washington, (after the statue which surmounts his monument in the capitol square at Richmond), surrounded with a wreath composed of the principal agricultural products of the Confederacy, (cotton, tobacco, sugar cane, corn, wheat and rice), and having around its margin the words: “The Confederate States of America, twenty-second February, eighteen hundred and sixty-two,” with the following motto: “Deo vindice.”</blockquote></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">As <a href="http://landmarks.allenbrowne.info/ConfederateSeal/Pickett.htm" target="_blank">Thomas Pickett</a> put it "And thus we have a succinct and accurate description of that which symbolized the once formidable but ephemeral Confederacy."</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">The dedication says:</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRWFwn7ZH_XxdC4Xg7ndiJUUfGPm8AcXjV9mCwyV7mjByWcBzKPPG-TuQF2fv0BNcNGpJHxv9EdG8XkZlogqLlg_ZkH5I_GpJbG3sHUabCmK430oORoCSjoYM9qnIOKENkk5HubGU-38qy/s1600/P3090185-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1207" data-original-width="1600" height="301" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRWFwn7ZH_XxdC4Xg7ndiJUUfGPm8AcXjV9mCwyV7mjByWcBzKPPG-TuQF2fv0BNcNGpJHxv9EdG8XkZlogqLlg_ZkH5I_GpJbG3sHUabCmK430oORoCSjoYM9qnIOKENkk5HubGU-38qy/s400/P3090185-1.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
To</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
Our Dead Heroes</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
By</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
The United Daughters</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
of the Confederacy</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
Victrix Causa Diis Pacuit</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
Sed Victa Catoni</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
The Latin adapted from Lucan's poem <i>Pharsalia</i> meanings something like "The winning cause pleased the gods but the losing cause pleased Cato", indicating that the winning cause was fortunate but the losing cause was more just.</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
</div>
<br />A frieze below the statue depicts a mix of allegory and genre scenes. On the south face we find an image of Minerva the goddess of War and Wisdom helping to support a swooning woman who represents the fallen South leaning on the Constitution.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj24-1LYBosm6PN3qgEaXW5YLqsH8tnr2D1Ij6BZ1HwrNJpJO1wQ8Ybt28U3BgRUwCGACPGuDULLJMBRLzAAGX1A8ae34i5KH00a-3IbNzZ77BnSdfDVbXD9s_biGAUuMtrlDpwXKBIoeSn/s1600/P3090184-2.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1381" data-original-width="1600" height="552" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj24-1LYBosm6PN3qgEaXW5YLqsH8tnr2D1Ij6BZ1HwrNJpJO1wQ8Ybt28U3BgRUwCGACPGuDULLJMBRLzAAGX1A8ae34i5KH00a-3IbNzZ77BnSdfDVbXD9s_biGAUuMtrlDpwXKBIoeSn/s640/P3090184-2.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiVAOTfjZmnL7AvIDpDh4xpara86Y3qgl0XWSWgCarS0_Gy3AfLwrKOMWKr2kofsKTmusNHeIkhctrpIglR9yFb_kO4ZAdD0E0-jqSr2_-NxVj3dVZlMKaEgBW-rGcxJohc9XW_dWx6Rhkw/s1600/P3090296-1.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1080" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiVAOTfjZmnL7AvIDpDh4xpara86Y3qgl0XWSWgCarS0_Gy3AfLwrKOMWKr2kofsKTmusNHeIkhctrpIglR9yFb_kO4ZAdD0E0-jqSr2_-NxVj3dVZlMKaEgBW-rGcxJohc9XW_dWx6Rhkw/s640/P3090296-1.jpg" width="432" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The Fallen South Leaning on the Constitution</td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />Soldiers, Miners and Sailors march off to join the cause beneath "the Spirits of Avar" blowing their trumpets.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZja3uWtDpVZUtFFikmh2rUyyyeUSk4mv8PrGJsPPNHQFLVNs2DPAu_00nb8_6G9IZQR_Uz7Tki-G0ETkcFWvyZcFiEx4AAW3shwEYI5SDkJwYhgpsls84ODSDENyKAa2VQKHaOLVcDFNh/s1600/P3090196-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1228" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZja3uWtDpVZUtFFikmh2rUyyyeUSk4mv8PrGJsPPNHQFLVNs2DPAu_00nb8_6G9IZQR_Uz7Tki-G0ETkcFWvyZcFiEx4AAW3shwEYI5SDkJwYhgpsls84ODSDENyKAa2VQKHaOLVcDFNh/s640/P3090196-1.jpg" width="490" /></a></div>
<br />
A young woman ties a sash around the waist of her lover who is leaving for the war.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitMP98CUvLzZFWSdaC9q-gYCGExUzQJj4ILDGWdAk8Mb4zYQuXKuyIHeDsqcKCsv4pdQLxcpYYrr6XJe20UOcpPvJd8H0PKQKAAG8nONoBZsA8yf9uIzxFTsdPzuybQgYp2fuc4W3N7rFH/s1600/P3090354-2.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1200" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitMP98CUvLzZFWSdaC9q-gYCGExUzQJj4ILDGWdAk8Mb4zYQuXKuyIHeDsqcKCsv4pdQLxcpYYrr6XJe20UOcpPvJd8H0PKQKAAG8nONoBZsA8yf9uIzxFTsdPzuybQgYp2fuc4W3N7rFH/s640/P3090354-2.jpg" width="480" /></a></div>
<br />
A minister and his wife bless their son who is leaving home to go to war.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhS_HJw4IVmdCbxcQ9X1s8zZ3F4SK7rSocfXpFFMPDVukygEJOOHcRBdvgBaJhDdaB5xHLD7j8qfhilXfVIxDz01jdAlx7MJXm73bi54CFqSU17jq-qeS8Xy2CGYt8aUU35na3iwO4Akxsv/s1600/P3100317-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1183" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhS_HJw4IVmdCbxcQ9X1s8zZ3F4SK7rSocfXpFFMPDVukygEJOOHcRBdvgBaJhDdaB5xHLD7j8qfhilXfVIxDz01jdAlx7MJXm73bi54CFqSU17jq-qeS8Xy2CGYt8aUU35na3iwO4Akxsv/s640/P3100317-1.jpg" width="472" /></a></div>
<br />
A blacksmith's wife upbraids him and urges him to join the cause.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhoYkINlMR3YUNW4dMH6UURU9cveI04oslChYcLbUYhVJTprykYU6emny_CS1TTGHAvP7yr1CD7aQEB4ch2ybMqMa3E55L2dGnAFGckhyOfE8NfgGUHTFQZgxGbT4tKcfns1EaSgGOW-QJD/s1600/P3100332-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1200" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhoYkINlMR3YUNW4dMH6UURU9cveI04oslChYcLbUYhVJTprykYU6emny_CS1TTGHAvP7yr1CD7aQEB4ch2ybMqMa3E55L2dGnAFGckhyOfE8NfgGUHTFQZgxGbT4tKcfns1EaSgGOW-QJD/s640/P3100332-1.jpg" width="480" /></a></div>
<br />
A Young soldier kisses his infant child held up to him by an enslaved African American servant, while an older child cries on her skirts. <br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgEWttTXRjLMV0xUcMTcEI4WIs-fV1KT9OC7k7YR9GOeFOdUC6t3oBFPKgZ7WhYFxu3fPmVVGhFcVG0ebAuUeTrymx7wRZrhusz96TPbKa-11FvD2c2jTAXo1WLYI-WTJYT4Jy1rOLLUXlz/s1600/P3100346-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1228" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgEWttTXRjLMV0xUcMTcEI4WIs-fV1KT9OC7k7YR9GOeFOdUC6t3oBFPKgZ7WhYFxu3fPmVVGhFcVG0ebAuUeTrymx7wRZrhusz96TPbKa-11FvD2c2jTAXo1WLYI-WTJYT4Jy1rOLLUXlz/s640/P3100346-1.jpg" width="490" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJq-8RTCeK2KGgTr1QDu92yvEUSm7S4kbdVcajZc6tykNHfA5I6jUdaNy6VQU6cnbYV7whdbAQNu5TCY6PJleWXrAY-wTUrZSpLqV40LiHFnRSCNsJ0qH_pBjNjI367FwmkuGeApkN3uYg/s1600/P3100350-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1200" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJq-8RTCeK2KGgTr1QDu92yvEUSm7S4kbdVcajZc6tykNHfA5I6jUdaNy6VQU6cnbYV7whdbAQNu5TCY6PJleWXrAY-wTUrZSpLqV40LiHFnRSCNsJ0qH_pBjNjI367FwmkuGeApkN3uYg/s640/P3100350-1.jpg" width="480" /></a></div>
<br />
Confederate soldiers march under the eyes of angels. Marching with them is an African American body servant. (See <a href="https://deadconfederates.com/2010/10/23/oh-and-that-black-confederate-at-arlington/" target="_blank">Andy Hall's discussion</a> of the "Black Confederate" at Arlington.)<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWQXPbng9fZJuR3ZmtsUa49rukfv-2Fw4JyuJTL_V2r2jZHRxEKPgkA6z0Z1741-sb92WjhcYuJJa3zo83ZvyTtljkBhmGdS6i3uwOHPxKUyOZDqYtktkDNahVccr8z7FAO1IyLZ5vzJO5/s1600/P3100368-1.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1469" data-original-width="1600" height="586" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWQXPbng9fZJuR3ZmtsUa49rukfv-2Fw4JyuJTL_V2r2jZHRxEKPgkA6z0Z1741-sb92WjhcYuJJa3zo83ZvyTtljkBhmGdS6i3uwOHPxKUyOZDqYtktkDNahVccr8z7FAO1IyLZ5vzJO5/s640/P3100368-1.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgiVTGVxkuEJKI7bp3FZQA8xozWfLfBAdNcLNX2BX5lIDzZuMbi-Iip9OA4_3xlRfAjRcgrCfrqa2lJgo55cEKVnZpoc62O7kQOSHH0EBTmISGpXNcM4JBhExeR_EbjVNmiLB3Xn-LpLHhw/s1600/P3100365-3.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1195" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgiVTGVxkuEJKI7bp3FZQA8xozWfLfBAdNcLNX2BX5lIDzZuMbi-Iip9OA4_3xlRfAjRcgrCfrqa2lJgo55cEKVnZpoc62O7kQOSHH0EBTmISGpXNcM4JBhExeR_EbjVNmiLB3Xn-LpLHhw/s640/P3100365-3.jpg" width="478" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<br />
On the back (northern) side of the pedestal is an inscription signed by Confederate chaplain Randolph Harrison McKim.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgg8YH459CDtxdVK8rbj6Mjy-Qygdwxz6nfZgT6GcSpD3QOEcWjyZc5C7wSy-SKDFcn4KywAHLFg6k1QAfHmzjnQuGL4VClGx4HTq0VWCiwQZhMOLtIeI88CTcYXN9w6ihRz368X8VOzU7/s1600/P3090227-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgg8YH459CDtxdVK8rbj6Mjy-Qygdwxz6nfZgT6GcSpD3QOEcWjyZc5C7wSy-SKDFcn4KywAHLFg6k1QAfHmzjnQuGL4VClGx4HTq0VWCiwQZhMOLtIeI88CTcYXN9w6ihRz368X8VOzU7/s400/P3090227-1.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><b>Not for fame or reward <br />Not for place or for rank <br />Not lured by ambition <br />Or goaded by necessity <br />But in simple <br />Obedience to duty <br />As they understood it <br />These men suffered all <br />Sacrificed all <br />Dared all - and died</b></span><br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">McKim had been Chaplin of the </span><span style="font-size: 14px;">2nd Virginia Cavalry and was later pastor the Church of the Epiphany in Washington, DC.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEijIE6wI12ONh1mnGTs74ip84FTI8Z3phe0t0b-yo47WKvfYR4dxWIjJ5E0owuMOYGrxuV84O7yxAssVHSRgpcSRb01hgrzd-j5m5r8372qGQKmMblXqQP7ppyfHmnb8m74dexHU691iKju/s1600/P3090372-3.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="550" data-original-width="1600" height="136" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEijIE6wI12ONh1mnGTs74ip84FTI8Z3phe0t0b-yo47WKvfYR4dxWIjJ5E0owuMOYGrxuV84O7yxAssVHSRgpcSRb01hgrzd-j5m5r8372qGQKmMblXqQP7ppyfHmnb8m74dexHU691iKju/s400/P3090372-3.jpg" width="400" /> </a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
Randolph Harrison McKim </div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_IMq5-_cD9wA6VaP6QqIrwI7mTCf6ORVNgxpZbDl4IMaGRpOHcldhyphenhyphenWEAzxGt6OGRwu3gyFIXcV4E4D9RN3Ki88Hvw5ZFElL381H8tBjNTRMR32BPMgm7wjmGACg5sm7zzPd8PxhzEGug/s1600/McKim1862.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1145" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_IMq5-_cD9wA6VaP6QqIrwI7mTCf6ORVNgxpZbDl4IMaGRpOHcldhyphenhyphenWEAzxGt6OGRwu3gyFIXcV4E4D9RN3Ki88Hvw5ZFElL381H8tBjNTRMR32BPMgm7wjmGACg5sm7zzPd8PxhzEGug/s640/McKim1862.jpg" width="458" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 14px;">Lieut. Randolph H. McKim, 1862</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjkxwTJeRu_tA9VxyyHVm00s41PJ7L0IFzov3nlls-Zq8VJWaPSRQCpaM1HyNJgkNi4zy8dlqWuar2h_Ix-cXzjyiLdVZqOan4BNjWXubptD_IcxUrxPiVP9XwtDxUvaWR5aWdTQcLqxPZo/s1600/McKim1904.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1179" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjkxwTJeRu_tA9VxyyHVm00s41PJ7L0IFzov3nlls-Zq8VJWaPSRQCpaM1HyNJgkNi4zy8dlqWuar2h_Ix-cXzjyiLdVZqOan4BNjWXubptD_IcxUrxPiVP9XwtDxUvaWR5aWdTQcLqxPZo/s640/McKim1904.jpg" width="470" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 14px;">The Rev. Randolph H. McKim, D.D. 1904</span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: 14px;">The Monument is signed by sculptor Moses Ezekiel.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: 14px;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjThISve5gLvuUxyQzwiNtITbHEzz4qnt9Y-IYY-mqKsDJ8btGVMtHTpEvBYDvCGvCSV2TVPOH9FSyjM4nrl2F0GMF9jR3OKN25PI88q_pwrPPjKoctK3wrF3YBd5vJcWg5ghAwAioLlWJ6/s1600/P3090366-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1218" data-original-width="1600" height="303" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjThISve5gLvuUxyQzwiNtITbHEzz4qnt9Y-IYY-mqKsDJ8btGVMtHTpEvBYDvCGvCSV2TVPOH9FSyjM4nrl2F0GMF9jR3OKN25PI88q_pwrPPjKoctK3wrF3YBd5vJcWg5ghAwAioLlWJ6/s400/P3090366-1.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 14px;">M Ezekiel Sculptor</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 14px;">Rome MCMXII</span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjG8mxp6Atpk_VcQIZtH10QcZ-aekYZpDWLoA3FNqiZjf95hAZ-itEkLZSY6CSuVi2Z4z6tLkdIZJ9tENEE8wsACYf9X-xl1rdW2uT39wUfAWCxSumWRxAxWFj-Ixcrgg80whwIhUEXh232/s1600/MEzekiel.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1043" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjG8mxp6Atpk_VcQIZtH10QcZ-aekYZpDWLoA3FNqiZjf95hAZ-itEkLZSY6CSuVi2Z4z6tLkdIZJ9tENEE8wsACYf9X-xl1rdW2uT39wUfAWCxSumWRxAxWFj-Ixcrgg80whwIhUEXh232/s640/MEzekiel.jpg" width="416" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 14px;">M. Ezekiel, Sculptor</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: 14px;"><a href="http://landmarks.allenbrowne.info/ConfederateMemorial/" target="_blank">Moses Ezekiel's dying request</a> was to be buried near his sculpture in Arlington Cemetery. He was not actually a Confederate soldier but he was a graduate of the Virginia Military Institute and had fought at New Market. In 1921 his body was returned to the U.S. and buried here. His funeral was held in the Memorial Amphitheater.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 14px;"></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: 14px;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3Te9OOdv2rYNlgWPtzaao_s6MUBiy7yetr_-hRDjVD7CSy6TYBfR1tTc5s5QfOMBOz8X-x3Cs6TUgkS8RaTAN4POv4p-bd8gky6fvijNIFDZfeqYan8IwU00BNH4fZVPnJxMLS7PTHuPH/s1600/P3090183-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3Te9OOdv2rYNlgWPtzaao_s6MUBiy7yetr_-hRDjVD7CSy6TYBfR1tTc5s5QfOMBOz8X-x3Cs6TUgkS8RaTAN4POv4p-bd8gky6fvijNIFDZfeqYan8IwU00BNH4fZVPnJxMLS7PTHuPH/s400/P3090183-1.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 14px;">Moses J. Ezekiel</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 14px;">Sergeant of Company C</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 14px;">Battalion of Cadets</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 14px;">Virginia Military Institute </span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: 14px;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: 14px;">On the band between the Statue of Peace and the frieze are 14 state seals. There were 13 states of the Confederacy, if you count both Kentucky and Missouri. The fourteenth is the seal of Maryland. Though not a Confederate state Maryland supplied men and support for the Confederate cause.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: 14px;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiefmbNyTf8hSMzn4YqhgywXJGo7ZvU3J5zvHmM5WEoKg7lwGbCCcsBiBTt8nlx-TxDOh3ZwVXenH7BIpbSsIJIK0VZ2BRqLaE8ZIVXrzlI3f_wiLd1enjJYWj7Hzx9bnQxuZH99Sinct3e/s1600/P3120089-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1200" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiefmbNyTf8hSMzn4YqhgywXJGo7ZvU3J5zvHmM5WEoKg7lwGbCCcsBiBTt8nlx-TxDOh3ZwVXenH7BIpbSsIJIK0VZ2BRqLaE8ZIVXrzlI3f_wiLd1enjJYWj7Hzx9bnQxuZH99Sinct3e/s640/P3120089-1.jpg" width="480" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: 14px;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">---------------------</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/2023/12/16/confederate-memorial-arlington-cemetery/" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: 14px;">The Washington Post (</span><span face=""var(--wpds-fonts-subhead)", serif" style="text-align: center;">December
16, 2023</span></a><span style="font-size: 14px;"><a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/2023/12/16/confederate-memorial-arlington-cemetery/" target="_blank">)</a> notifies us that: </span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><blockquote>The U.S. Army intends to remove a Confederate memorial from Arlington National Cemetery next week as part of its ongoing work to rid Defense Department property of divisive rebel imagery, defying dozens of congressional Republicans who have vociferously protested the move.</blockquote><p> </p></span></div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
</div>
</div>Allen Brownehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02871983840550191787noreply@blogger.com6tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2073838520097258789.post-83409406366002697092017-03-26T16:14:00.002-04:002017-11-01T10:42:45.067-04:00The Confederate Monument in Rockville<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhajb3xcymwUAXta_x7f2b1jkRWcbYb17EObcN41TgioRNriT5njhTi8zxdL8GIormywfa_VktFEJagxKkEmY0KGHik0c_QdTQLNpSIUzcNZq7CVg4NlJwkCYcH04tqhdypgMSyqidH-1rU/s1600/P2450210-1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhajb3xcymwUAXta_x7f2b1jkRWcbYb17EObcN41TgioRNriT5njhTi8zxdL8GIormywfa_VktFEJagxKkEmY0KGHik0c_QdTQLNpSIUzcNZq7CVg4NlJwkCYcH04tqhdypgMSyqidH-1rU/s640/P2450210-1.jpg" width="480" /></a></div>
<br />
The Confederate Monument in Rockville, the county seat of Montgomery County, Maryland, was erected on June 3, 1913 (Confederate Memorial Day (Jefferson Davis' Birthday)), in a small park in the middle of Montgomery Avenue.<br />
<br />
<a name='more'></a><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj8KgHgdM8OAMAsH_8KlEHsIbGNNM8NWX99vYp-I7QtR6aDjnhZ6QM4ZgKhkhZh168UE97dD3oPsepPF2MlvG4k1XrJJbXj9lGeEYCMVyNIbXmuUbh5V3BxGK866zzCkehEp8sGO6eUGGTb/s1600/IMG_5590-1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj8KgHgdM8OAMAsH_8KlEHsIbGNNM8NWX99vYp-I7QtR6aDjnhZ6QM4ZgKhkhZh168UE97dD3oPsepPF2MlvG4k1XrJJbXj9lGeEYCMVyNIbXmuUbh5V3BxGK866zzCkehEp8sGO6eUGGTb/s640/IMG_5590-1.jpg" width="480" /> </a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
To <br />
Our Heroes <br />
of <br />
Montgomery Co. <br />
Maryland <br />
That We Through Life <br />
May Not Forget to Love <br />
The Thin Gray Line <br />
Erected A.D. 1913<br />
1861 CSA 1865</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiSWzfyacEiiEEQhnQzGzId0N71nL6RiZMLcd44jKKhARhbFgnBfxU8eO4-Z1Y8gWTbL_NwdA2PGfYcWZogSbZ-N5jfzg3-Y5W4hnkj16ehUa8PQjiChB3Y_8JkpY5W8cb9WFz3KfNeU2Mt/s1600/IMG_8692-1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiSWzfyacEiiEEQhnQzGzId0N71nL6RiZMLcd44jKKhARhbFgnBfxU8eO4-Z1Y8gWTbL_NwdA2PGfYcWZogSbZ-N5jfzg3-Y5W4hnkj16ehUa8PQjiChB3Y_8JkpY5W8cb9WFz3KfNeU2Mt/s400/IMG_8692-1.jpg" width="300" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
This 1915 map shows the little triangular park in which the monument was originally erected. The current location of the monument along the side of the Red Brick Courthouse is marked here by a red number 20.</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi74l_VXt92Q_mstHSrOfT8fgrmAkOs6FYkh2A7zkASTfBncD5XctZPPemmdUZM5tGYF4Eh5WA4jpIEgcyKk4m5VhmoTOy4Beu35r0cuF4C8XQ-MlvSUeIK6kgoZ8pw0NuFpJazDP7KTmlN/s1600/1915Map-2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi74l_VXt92Q_mstHSrOfT8fgrmAkOs6FYkh2A7zkASTfBncD5XctZPPemmdUZM5tGYF4Eh5WA4jpIEgcyKk4m5VhmoTOy4Beu35r0cuF4C8XQ-MlvSUeIK6kgoZ8pw0NuFpJazDP7KTmlN/s640/1915Map-2.jpg" width="526" /></a></div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
"In 1971, the City of Rockville was in the midst of a major urban renewal project. The downtown area was redesigned, East Montgomery Avenue was closed, and traffic was rerouted. It was necessary to remove Courthouse Square and the Confederate soldier monument. According to Planning Department records, the urban design consultant to the City suggested that the monument be moved to the east lawn of the Courthouse to make room for the construction of the redesigned Courthouse Square. After much public discussion, and controversy, the Mayor and Council, acting as the Local Public Agency for Urban Renewal, held a public hearing on the disposition of the statue. The County Executive consented to have the monument relocated to its current location on the east lawn of the Red Brick Courthouse." -- <a href="http://rockvillemd.gov/DocumentCenter/View/12674">Rockville Historic District Commission</a></div>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8NquJPg9GLTowE1xcAmFiMmHrWFoIe_KSGRD-6m-9hokOw5jV1fRqxH9kH9UCBxDlwPZUGLm72_eWmnk5JwsWzfefV2BzJzeM_7DzfeNQkgGTUVZX4LK9tOPAQ-O5vMrDJmhLm5aoYcC0/s1600/IMG_5588-1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8NquJPg9GLTowE1xcAmFiMmHrWFoIe_KSGRD-6m-9hokOw5jV1fRqxH9kH9UCBxDlwPZUGLm72_eWmnk5JwsWzfefV2BzJzeM_7DzfeNQkgGTUVZX4LK9tOPAQ-O5vMrDJmhLm5aoYcC0/s640/IMG_5588-1.jpg" width="480" /></a></div>
<br />
The six-foot tall statue on its eight-foot pedestal is the product of the Falvey Granite company in Washington, DC, makers of cemetery monuments. As Susan Soderberg points out, the soldier statue is a common type of Civil War monument. Often the statue is a generic symbolic person. The subject of this statue appears to be a real individual.<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
"Although the stance of the soldier is similar to the stance of catalogue-ordered private-soldier statues which proliferated in the country at the time, the cavalry boots and sword and the individualized facial features make the Rockville statue unique. Because it is unique, someone had to have posed for the statue. Some have suggested that this model was Spencer C. Jones, since he had an obvious family connection with the Falveys*, but there is no evidence to substantiate this claim. " -- Susan Soderberg, <i>The Confederate Monument and Its Symbolism</i>, <u>The Montgomery County Story</u>, August 1993.</blockquote>
* Spencer's daughter was married to a Falvey.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQV8yVHOUjA0tuMaOe0HdMgRW6xlazJBe3jRGOuPi9U9Lq3r45MzhUiQzJAJMfSZQssS_zjU-9nA-zDWXNZmR6FOUZTnScpuw_qmYaf_iOLItFs2GoXyyf-lN-MiYTxjxQ15Ipvdh_xQlJ/s1600/IMG_8695-2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQV8yVHOUjA0tuMaOe0HdMgRW6xlazJBe3jRGOuPi9U9Lq3r45MzhUiQzJAJMfSZQssS_zjU-9nA-zDWXNZmR6FOUZTnScpuw_qmYaf_iOLItFs2GoXyyf-lN-MiYTxjxQ15Ipvdh_xQlJ/s640/IMG_8695-2.jpg" width="480" /> </a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg9Cw2Zu_XyAox4hjNj5XZbNGP3CBGAY296EDv1iDKz9juf8MgxFUZly1uPoJcMLAJ9THCWdSPrHCJrAlMJuWgR3EgEztBoIWT90iIln97rpcLeuWmMATMiaiqKbscZUJEaZlYGjwXduDDd/s1600/P2450180-1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg9Cw2Zu_XyAox4hjNj5XZbNGP3CBGAY296EDv1iDKz9juf8MgxFUZly1uPoJcMLAJ9THCWdSPrHCJrAlMJuWgR3EgEztBoIWT90iIln97rpcLeuWmMATMiaiqKbscZUJEaZlYGjwXduDDd/s640/P2450180-1.jpg" width="480" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
Always controversial, this statue is scheduled to be moved from its already obscure location to Whites Ferry on the north western edge of the county. At a County Council meeting in 2015, a group of interested parties met including Anthony Cohen - President, Menare Foundation and Button Farm; Jim Loewen - Historian and Sociologist; Linda Moran - Assistant to the City Manager City of Rockville; Nancy Pickard - Executive Director Peerless Rockville; Anita Powell - President of the Montgomery County NAACP and member of the Rockville Historic District Commission; Laurie-Anne Sayles - President of the African American Democratic Club of Montgomery County; and Susan Soderberg - Historian. Their deliberations as to whether to destroy, relocate and/or further interpret it, can be read <a href="https://www.montgomerycountymd.gov/COUNCIL/Resources/Files/Summaryof7-27-15meetingFINALREPORT.pdf" target="_blank">here</a>.</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
The re-location option has been chosen and most recently the new location is to be Whites Ferry in Northwestern Montgomery County, near Poolesville, the center of Confederate sympathy in Montgomery County during the Civil War. Among the runners-up was <a href="http://www.hmdb.org/marker.asp?marker=86183" target="_blank">Monocacy Cemetery</a>, the county's center of Confederate commemoration in Beallsville. </div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
Currently, the monument is surrounded by a wooden box, ostensibly to protect it from vandalism.</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiCKj84nr8MZOyOcJvg8jCwogmi1wVXfsxTYfEZqDvRBs07ZbJSEkSFMBUQ5PxyrxdNjzI97QFu3j7AEnzheVCxjXqufOXvk2CDEGScgeWMhuFG6zirjBdaCYDEo48_k4g8s-PbSK5rwOY9/s1600/P2450197-1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiCKj84nr8MZOyOcJvg8jCwogmi1wVXfsxTYfEZqDvRBs07ZbJSEkSFMBUQ5PxyrxdNjzI97QFu3j7AEnzheVCxjXqufOXvk2CDEGScgeWMhuFG6zirjBdaCYDEo48_k4g8s-PbSK5rwOY9/s640/P2450197-1.jpg" width="480" /> </a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
The confederate solder peeks out the top of the box.</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjtH48b-aBt6rPbsxTF3-PkGOuezKdMgH0vMsteQyx42iTcs5A9FycV_rYeqbDhyP7AT4rNdmO7tSWCL-lRTeVB0pK4zqRGcUPcXY5IiOMAXnS2wVV4ZVU4vRtsCoLstkB0ZwoYGyLLr9Mk/s1600/P2450167.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjtH48b-aBt6rPbsxTF3-PkGOuezKdMgH0vMsteQyx42iTcs5A9FycV_rYeqbDhyP7AT4rNdmO7tSWCL-lRTeVB0pK4zqRGcUPcXY5IiOMAXnS2wVV4ZVU4vRtsCoLstkB0ZwoYGyLLr9Mk/s640/P2450167.JPG" width="480" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
The inscription can be read through a peephole in the box.</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEil6sgad4maRizn-R_-TeoLMSvhW7OfzEsvO6E-ncnUvJDb9Gy3M4rERz7G6r6xaEaR6ASd8QXpfKpb_ECqTD07mUHwuXCcTB4WXvQAO-wBluYJ7xx1X_1QSzGlFneQ1awutE4FHrTlQASl/s1600/P2490578-1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEil6sgad4maRizn-R_-TeoLMSvhW7OfzEsvO6E-ncnUvJDb9Gy3M4rERz7G6r6xaEaR6ASd8QXpfKpb_ECqTD07mUHwuXCcTB4WXvQAO-wBluYJ7xx1X_1QSzGlFneQ1awutE4FHrTlQASl/s400/P2490578-1.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg5YprsHpa6lbT3hsMpw-k3HHL-nxaq0j7gx1TzRZfy235BAOa49bIh9UOnXBXnbHAunu3RD-3BDTsPs1tIkgizeqo6DNZHILjXRrYqh7dI8DfEFUCnXGHaCx48qJwqSYLh52mvyXZomBZT/s1600/P1840354-1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg5YprsHpa6lbT3hsMpw-k3HHL-nxaq0j7gx1TzRZfy235BAOa49bIh9UOnXBXnbHAunu3RD-3BDTsPs1tIkgizeqo6DNZHILjXRrYqh7dI8DfEFUCnXGHaCx48qJwqSYLh52mvyXZomBZT/s400/P1840354-1.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
Allen Brownehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02871983840550191787noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2073838520097258789.post-48882696622168625282017-03-26T13:34:00.001-04:002017-12-13T09:00:51.280-05:00Columbian Harmony Cemetery<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh66UDkBd5NJN-kNQewgakaSAYwW8jfSomK-9tAE94dV198S751oZZFo-ND3JGHSqLtEip_YgCJQoqXahpBxlqKyhta2k0v3yKoOExZo_1QEP6ZaQEA3eog3LoDXOZVt5j4mcmGr2A5ODpa/s1600/P2450755-1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="386" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh66UDkBd5NJN-kNQewgakaSAYwW8jfSomK-9tAE94dV198S751oZZFo-ND3JGHSqLtEip_YgCJQoqXahpBxlqKyhta2k0v3yKoOExZo_1QEP6ZaQEA3eog3LoDXOZVt5j4mcmGr2A5ODpa/s1600/P2450755-1.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
The Rhode Island Metro Station in Northeast Washington is the former site of the Columbian Harmony Cemetery, the final resting place for many important 19th Century African Americans, including two Medal of Honor winners. The headstones and locations of the graves were lost in 1960.<br />
<br />
<a name='more'></a><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhGRYJ41ZnlzzM3ROvvBr5HPzn20KxEKxzpChchYK_VNhoGPNoNvuAz5cSaTNy6ukK7TFgDgFBT5N86870T_CDv3_oPxudQmOpEG_v1HsibAcqkKKZk9BZZOtPZM99qcKkq-c7bHVH5dVVa/s1600/P2450761-3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhGRYJ41ZnlzzM3ROvvBr5HPzn20KxEKxzpChchYK_VNhoGPNoNvuAz5cSaTNy6ukK7TFgDgFBT5N86870T_CDv3_oPxudQmOpEG_v1HsibAcqkKKZk9BZZOtPZM99qcKkq-c7bHVH5dVVa/s1600/P2450761-3.jpg" width="398" /> </a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
Former Site</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
Columbian Harmony</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
Cemetery</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
1857-1959</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
Many distinguished black</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
citizens were buried </div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
in this cemetery.</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
These bodies now rest </div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
in the new National Harmony</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
Memorial Park</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
Cemetery in Maryland.</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
Elizabeth Keckly, Mary Lincoln's seamstress and confidante, was buried at Columbian Harmony Cemetery.<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKcITaBJ4rfithpjRsdgSU8hglSQCiLODs2CpQ8l7xDJFv4P_cbff6vtoLV0w7RRvrjGqu6rwopbpLhA3lfPe_BcQd2TmnjpO81-pNpnxQ3Sx75RysO15kzErmHB4wEAGZcWm8QTWDMbWm/s1600/P2330210-1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKcITaBJ4rfithpjRsdgSU8hglSQCiLODs2CpQ8l7xDJFv4P_cbff6vtoLV0w7RRvrjGqu6rwopbpLhA3lfPe_BcQd2TmnjpO81-pNpnxQ3Sx75RysO15kzErmHB4wEAGZcWm8QTWDMbWm/s1600/P2330210-1.jpg" width="328" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Elizabeth Keckly</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4zT9tnZ_YRJWYlx0JVah5rb0vdiwTFrDv3Aq8X5OpFg0ZkunokWFkhBi4j8IpbiZTusOKfuck3Wn1j9fMFryVpOV1GUyx8rwOwWDCu7J13pQHGS711_2Vc4uq8GkpHLEPRhhp5gkkiXJN/s1600/P2330194-1.jpg" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4zT9tnZ_YRJWYlx0JVah5rb0vdiwTFrDv3Aq8X5OpFg0ZkunokWFkhBi4j8IpbiZTusOKfuck3Wn1j9fMFryVpOV1GUyx8rwOwWDCu7J13pQHGS711_2Vc4uq8GkpHLEPRhhp5gkkiXJN/s1600/P2330194-1.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span class="leadinghead"> </span><span style="font-size: small;">Elizabeth Keckly<br /><b>1818 - 1907<br /><span style="color: grey;">— Enslaved Modiste Confidante —</span></b></span> </div>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
Born into slavery, Elizabeth Keckly
purchased her freedom using her exceptional skills as a seamstress.
After establishing her own business, she was employed as a modiste
(dressmaker) by Mary Lincoln, becoming her trusted friend and
confidante. Mrs. Keckly's autobiography "Behind the Scenes," provided
intimate details about life inside the Lincoln White House.</blockquote>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
<br />
Philip Reed, who helped Park Mills create the statue of Freedom on the Capitol Dome, was buried there too.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3UVXQlcGSbtoJU-mKKo1fA8EEgSJco9eYlhROBxJ4YLG9gwsOD4Vd_IslXpIY_SQ9qbb2G1sp265how4uAt_1ikRAHbNwwCXiy-EOh158q8xOd__OuGgyLPH7F-brPQGNu7XoRUNoTxiI/s1600/P2320931-1.jpg" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3UVXQlcGSbtoJU-mKKo1fA8EEgSJco9eYlhROBxJ4YLG9gwsOD4Vd_IslXpIY_SQ9qbb2G1sp265how4uAt_1ikRAHbNwwCXiy-EOh158q8xOd__OuGgyLPH7F-brPQGNu7XoRUNoTxiI/s1600/P2320931-1.jpg" width="300" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;">This Memorial Honors</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<b><span style="font-size: small;">Philip Reed</span></b></blockquote>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
</div>
<blockquote>
<blockquote>
<blockquote>
The slave who built the statue of Freedom atop the U.S. Capitol, died a
free man on Feb. 6, 1892, and is buried here at National Harmony
Memorial Park.</blockquote>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
Osborne Perry Anderson was one of John Brown's Raiders in 1859. He was buried at Columbian Harmony Cemetery, too.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiiS3qkiVQfsRbfNa3gdyCc4TQgwTVDyUGaILz540G97bQYnJM3XlQWlCw54fUrnb5B_PKxHuZIyJWFGepMd2pafmG8-cZ-7lLEp7itKqonu8oUwzB_8BPTmaOPIAlbhDXkqzoC54SOCZA9/s1600/P2330104-1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiiS3qkiVQfsRbfNa3gdyCc4TQgwTVDyUGaILz540G97bQYnJM3XlQWlCw54fUrnb5B_PKxHuZIyJWFGepMd2pafmG8-cZ-7lLEp7itKqonu8oUwzB_8BPTmaOPIAlbhDXkqzoC54SOCZA9/s1600/P2330104-1.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<center>
In Memory of <br />
<b>Osborne Perry Anderson</b><br />
July 17, 1830 December 11, 1872</center>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
This dedicated and brave Christian traveled from Chatham, Canada to Harper's Ferry,
West Virginia, to fight beside John Brown in his quest to abolish slavery. He later served as a Union soldier in the Civil War.<br />
<small>Greater Lover Hath No Man Than This, That a Man Lay Down His Life for His Friend. John 15:13</small></blockquote>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
But these memorials in National Harmony Cemetery in Lanham, Maryland, do not actually mark the graves of these people. When the Columbian Harmony Cemetery was moved in the 1960s, the locations of the graves were lost and the headstones discarded.<br />
<br />
The Columbian Harmony Cemetery was founded in the 19th century as a African American burial place. Only the brass plaque and some old photos exist of the old cemetery. These Scurlock Studios photos from 1960 show the Columbian Harmony Cemetery just before it was removed.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1Ceu8TXOZboGw3OUkH-S1ZPGnNuTmy8SFMYRGMJuppQc8TWJhw9Lr3duFxX5foNkHTBDXuWmQPjh-gevEwFj9zVXCLFDVjU0bBoCJNOI_RnYlzn24Ft-Y50MTDSsKiS_B9IIZ4QVjOuYU/s1600/http---sirismm.si.edu-archivcenter-scurlock-AC0618.004.0001520.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="318" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1Ceu8TXOZboGw3OUkH-S1ZPGnNuTmy8SFMYRGMJuppQc8TWJhw9Lr3duFxX5foNkHTBDXuWmQPjh-gevEwFj9zVXCLFDVjU0bBoCJNOI_RnYlzn24Ft-Y50MTDSsKiS_B9IIZ4QVjOuYU/s1600/http---sirismm.si.edu-archivcenter-scurlock-AC0618.004.0001520.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJl-FLsPIMwF3GzSwSIuTAkwXDbPRgNL8KuDl3nRI3Uuid3HMmC5TBCAE2v7AI_5GQVZO003PnAu4umvkflrVh1Bu_eULOoULa6qZdtzxT23eGiD-GI553OvBm1NJv3DW6URkR7dacU8VO/s1600/http---sirismm.si.edu-archivcenter-scurlock-AC0618.004.0001518.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="310" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJl-FLsPIMwF3GzSwSIuTAkwXDbPRgNL8KuDl3nRI3Uuid3HMmC5TBCAE2v7AI_5GQVZO003PnAu4umvkflrVh1Bu_eULOoULa6qZdtzxT23eGiD-GI553OvBm1NJv3DW6URkR7dacU8VO/s1600/http---sirismm.si.edu-archivcenter-scurlock-AC0618.004.0001518.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<br />
<br />
This one shows the extent of the cemetery:<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhGI51E1QtqSsie1VWvqaDwIQcwRpsOk1NEoVLfv7UPpY4t8Uulv4wDO13gMGE4XhsTpQp0pNIvM-PzddHch3XRTkMw3yn5QNmQu5T6i9H3Rjmi99iG60L2A-dedceUv5TLw9EUMr44j49F/s1600/http---sirismm.si.edu-archivcenter-scurlock-AC0618.004.0001523.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="283" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhGI51E1QtqSsie1VWvqaDwIQcwRpsOk1NEoVLfv7UPpY4t8Uulv4wDO13gMGE4XhsTpQp0pNIvM-PzddHch3XRTkMw3yn5QNmQu5T6i9H3Rjmi99iG60L2A-dedceUv5TLw9EUMr44j49F/s1600/http---sirismm.si.edu-archivcenter-scurlock-AC0618.004.0001523.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<br />
But by 1953, the cemetery was bankrupt. In 1957, Louis N. Bell proposed to move the graves to a new section of his Forest Lawn Cemetery in Largo, Maryland, in return for the DC property. In 1960, all the 37,000 graves were moved to the Harmony Section of the Cemetery. But the headstones were not moved and the positions of the graves were not recorded. So the Harmony National Cemetery came to contain what was essentially a mass grave of the former burials in Columbian Harmony Cemetery.<br />
<br />
In 2010, the tombstones from the Columbian Harmony Cemetery were found used as rip-rap on the shore of the Potomac.<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfMA9_XBswgnOjCZVR0ksOMPRsznpFMtmn-yOFBKFB1T4292_VpikBHLBB1y2ZeYZebQ8H37sIxqm676it3h-q2yVJazbzOCMrg-VZjb_xkzwl5bmV1oLWLMv0XzF4Q3Ndnsk5Ge0dzInr/s1600/DSCN7021.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfMA9_XBswgnOjCZVR0ksOMPRsznpFMtmn-yOFBKFB1T4292_VpikBHLBB1y2ZeYZebQ8H37sIxqm676it3h-q2yVJazbzOCMrg-VZjb_xkzwl5bmV1oLWLMv0XzF4Q3Ndnsk5Ge0dzInr/s1600/DSCN7021.jpg" width="300" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Photo by Edd Fuller (<a href="http://photography-in-place.blogspot.com/2010/07/tombstone-rip-rap-potomac-river-sunday.html" target="_blank">Photography in Place</a>)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
Allen Brownehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02871983840550191787noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2073838520097258789.post-45758561628187498602016-04-11T18:28:00.002-04:002023-06-24T11:56:13.156-04:00Blodget's Hotel<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiw3ohnmCP5EJzjQCtXWCUoLb69au9wyDuSElJ7Bjy-XKvx94uHk9JjTRsZcFSZq_LXIfr7aF0RXmHc5T49R5EUShIKweah-_Uq4QQRXfDYsCu5_cLVvrTAaxnnh4bJf3tTiODHMDZVftce/s1600/Blodget%2527sHotel-2.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="208" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiw3ohnmCP5EJzjQCtXWCUoLb69au9wyDuSElJ7Bjy-XKvx94uHk9JjTRsZcFSZq_LXIfr7aF0RXmHc5T49R5EUShIKweah-_Uq4QQRXfDYsCu5_cLVvrTAaxnnh4bJf3tTiODHMDZVftce/s400/Blodget%2527sHotel-2.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<br />
<br />
Blodget's Hotel, more properly named The Union Public Hotel, sat on E Street in Northwest Washington, between 7th and 8th Streets. Mr. D. B. Warden in 1815 described this red brick and free-stone building as "three stories high. 120 by 60 feet ... ornamented with a pediment and six Ionic pilasters. From the
eminence, the shape of a tortoise shell, on which it stands the richly
wooded hills rise on every side and form a scenery unequaled in beauty
in America." (<a href="http://landmarks.allenbrowne.info/BlodgetsHotel/Harmon.htm" target="_blank">A. C. Harmon</a>)<br />
<a name='more'></a><br />
This <a href="http://landmarks.allenbrowne.info/BlodgetsHotel/marker.htm" target="_blank">bronze plaque</a> on the General Post Office building in Washington, summarizes the building's history:<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiw5gEaqiTiiaXQKXjqMJrPB_KHpOXGjOSsGuj9jysYguD_sJhdjWNTVcse2Wv9OSmNae1cUPyYrK5JWSUhQK_oIw9j3mzzYEbZOlhqn8-JoKSqiNfmMGLT0nmrit7gXBJNtgzQUqjcRQL6/s1600/P1540874-2.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="203" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiw5gEaqiTiiaXQKXjqMJrPB_KHpOXGjOSsGuj9jysYguD_sJhdjWNTVcse2Wv9OSmNae1cUPyYrK5JWSUhQK_oIw9j3mzzYEbZOlhqn8-JoKSqiNfmMGLT0nmrit7gXBJNtgzQUqjcRQL6/s400/P1540874-2.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br />
In 1800, the building erected<br />
on this site by Samuel Blodget<br />
was the scene of the first<br />
theatrical performance<br />
given in Washington.</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
From 1812 to 1836 it sheltered the<br />
city post office and for part of that period, the<br />
Post Office Department and the Patent Office.<br />
And here after the burning of the Capitol, the<br />
Congress of the United States was convened,<br />
September 19th 1814.</div>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg5s3AdzvVnWWAGGtmXHyK1BHcMAu_y4I4rV7FHxQCaQp_OtnTnJTRpQ7qg2Zjv540vZgCaPX80iK5StufOj065jSnxxRYHt0X2g00Q-zccva9Xxqbl4luVY16PJVNyql1hUX0rGIFrUCDb/s1600/P2000992-2.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg5s3AdzvVnWWAGGtmXHyK1BHcMAu_y4I4rV7FHxQCaQp_OtnTnJTRpQ7qg2Zjv540vZgCaPX80iK5StufOj065jSnxxRYHt0X2g00Q-zccva9Xxqbl4luVY16PJVNyql1hUX0rGIFrUCDb/s400/P2000992-2.jpg" width="300" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Samuel Blodget, Jr. </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="http://allencbrowne.blogspot.com/2016/04/samuel-blodget.html">The Portrait Gallery: Samuel Blodget</a> </div>
<br />
Financier Samuel Blodget convinced the DC commissioners that money could be raised to support public buildings by means of a lottery. Blodget had White House architect James Hoban design and build the Grand Union Public Hotel in 1793 as the $50,000 grand prize in his lottery.<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhzFcXgUi7Alkmxt7oGLh_tuaktMY41yOa1qbHuEsWtZsLQXJY0Uqv28PV-Fpw90E3zyPdZURy-EjUD-Cy_wDog5doGYiO45myyrueGPp9uXuFYR6HGY6UI-s0rtTqxT6yNtImelewxeHOG/s1600/James_Hoban_circa_1800_-_Crop-1.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhzFcXgUi7Alkmxt7oGLh_tuaktMY41yOa1qbHuEsWtZsLQXJY0Uqv28PV-Fpw90E3zyPdZURy-EjUD-Cy_wDog5doGYiO45myyrueGPp9uXuFYR6HGY6UI-s0rtTqxT6yNtImelewxeHOG/s400/James_Hoban_circa_1800_-_Crop-1.jpg" width="285" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">James Hoban (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Hoban" target="_blank">Widipedia</a>)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
This landmark would have been one of the first hotels in the United States (hitherto, travelers had stayed in taverns or inns), but it was never actually used as a hotel. After much tribulation, the lottery failed when the winner discovered that the hotel he had won was not yet finished. He sued both Blodget and the Commissioners. Blodget went bankrupt, landed in debtor's prison, and died in a Baltimore hospital in April of 1814.<br />
<br />
In 1800, the United States Theatre was founded in Blodget's Hotel. <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TLfwCQAAQBAJ&lpg=PA40&ots=qgSWJ_Ds7x&dq=Blodget%27s%20Hotel%20Theater&pg=PA40#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank">Thomas Bogar</a> describes the situation this way.<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
[Philadelphia actors John Bernard and John Darly] returned in August 1800 to open the United States Theatre, Washington's first professional theater, in the half-finished red-brick Blodget's Hotel (also known as the Grand Lottery Hotel, built to be first prize in an abortive moneymaking scheme). Filling the north side of E Street between 7th and 8th Streets, it consisted of a spacious central building containing a 40' by 60' assembly room where the company performed - and sizable wings. Still, it was a crude venue. Despite its impressive four-story Federal facade, its incomplete roof allowed rain to intrude, its floor consisted of rough-hewn boards with significant gaps, and its seats were backless benches cobbled together from the remnants of floorboards. </blockquote>
This 1803 view of Washington after a Nicholas King drawing shows Blodget's Hotel on the right with the President's House (center) in the wide open spaces of Washington. (<a href="http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2012645374/" target="_blank">Library of Congress</a>)<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjeR8k031vKGY13GyAg5w22H5_0qdgUsbb0JYdT4dx7-mFHVUSFb0cZY2BGI-dePAiufivEVFujfLHTRtL8haEmMWfpQg2JJFLXChpermpb84ep_-HQQ2c-aqEoz7omXEDg0q3pk04YpRS_/s1600/Washington1803.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="272" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjeR8k031vKGY13GyAg5w22H5_0qdgUsbb0JYdT4dx7-mFHVUSFb0cZY2BGI-dePAiufivEVFujfLHTRtL8haEmMWfpQg2JJFLXChpermpb84ep_-HQQ2c-aqEoz7omXEDg0q3pk04YpRS_/s400/Washington1803.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
"The public buildings so far are the President's House, the Capitol, and a
large Hotel, the latter being a large brick building ornamented with
free-stone and stands between the other two." -- <a href="http://landmarks.allenbrowne.info/BlodgetsHotel/Harmon.htm" target="_blank">Isaac Wald, a British traveler in 1795</a></blockquote>
</blockquote>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwxtst3C6MHQQB5jG_P04C94nqlXtbwpbOR9v-5rr_W2WkTP3wT1xxh-KFy-bwYaSLwQppyj_T3VFVGzg7TQIJtCK4we0jNTY5yGGub6xOqMnqifFGdCDyn2S4tt84HmDeW-aiJsjJsdqA/s1600/Detail.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwxtst3C6MHQQB5jG_P04C94nqlXtbwpbOR9v-5rr_W2WkTP3wT1xxh-KFy-bwYaSLwQppyj_T3VFVGzg7TQIJtCK4we0jNTY5yGGub6xOqMnqifFGdCDyn2S4tt84HmDeW-aiJsjJsdqA/s400/Detail.jpg" width="373" /></a></div>
<br />
The U.S. Government took over and finished the abandoned building in 1810, using it to house the Post Office and the Patent Office among other offices.<br />
<br />
On the morning of August 25, 1814, during the War of 1812, British troops under General Ross were burning the public buildings of Washington. William Thornton, designer of the Capitol, who had been the Superintendent of the Patent Office since 1802, had already removed all the patent documents from the old hotel building but could not remove all the patent models. When Thornton heard that a detachment of troops led by Col. Timothy Jones was preparing to burn Blodget's hotel, he, along with <a href="http://allencbrowne.blogspot.com/2016/07/charles-carroll-of-belle-vue.html" target="_blank">Charles Carrol, Esq</a>., hurried to the hotel. Thornton was hoping to retrieve the model of a musical instrument he had invented and that he remarked "had cost me great labor."<br />
<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhSJn8ZREPDBySOCRTEtk8nQ3zFUsN0iX43OWpDPOmB0MEBhYREEsAdh_wzpHlNapdRstiWC7p9QYIfyXVCteiQk36UZZwzbVoRLIgkVjx8e7sy_-99-NXhI0jshEqzrGGwC8mX-4WsNQw6/s1600/P1580764-1.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhSJn8ZREPDBySOCRTEtk8nQ3zFUsN0iX43OWpDPOmB0MEBhYREEsAdh_wzpHlNapdRstiWC7p9QYIfyXVCteiQk36UZZwzbVoRLIgkVjx8e7sy_-99-NXhI0jshEqzrGGwC8mX-4WsNQw6/s400/P1580764-1.jpg" width="298" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">William Thornton</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
After Jones' men finished burning down the National Intelligencer newspaper, Thornton managed to convince Jones that, although the old hotel building was indeed federal property, the patent models inside were private property, declaring that "to burn what would be useful to all mankind would be as barbarous as to burn the Alexandria Library, for which the Turks have been condemned by all enlightened nations." Jones relented and let the building stand.<br />
<br />
The Capitol building having been burnt, the 13th Congress met in Blodget's Hotel on September 19th, 1814. Debate broke out over whether to move the U.S. Government out of now ruined Washington. Before they adjourned on March 1815, Congress authorized Madison to borrow money to rebuild official Washington. In December, they moved into the "<a href="https://allenbrowne.blogspot.com/2023/05/the-old-brick-capitol.html" target="_blank">Old Brick Capitol</a>" on the site now occupied by the Supreme Court where they remained until they moved back into the Capitol in March 1819.<br />
<br />
Ironically, the building saved from burning in 1814 burned down in 1836. All the patent models it contained were lost. This copperplate from the original cornerstone was found during the clean-up of the rubble of Blodget's Hotel. (<a href="https://archive.org/stream/historyofgrandlo00harp#page/n46/mode/1up" target="_blank">Harper, 1911</a>)<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmO8lw7R_o7CfiiyQD54d3lw2AcFH0TG1gXWp4jv31Xxb6KlaMl2AVPh6s_uTTHUVlZHM1SKLHqFHsrcB-LEppPBQZq9pZWQHt-RWNnbiwKIceCpAeXDFIIr_OaWHbOey_sTZPVHDp1knR/s1600/CornerStone-Copperplate.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="243" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmO8lw7R_o7CfiiyQD54d3lw2AcFH0TG1gXWp4jv31Xxb6KlaMl2AVPh6s_uTTHUVlZHM1SKLHqFHsrcB-LEppPBQZq9pZWQHt-RWNnbiwKIceCpAeXDFIIr_OaWHbOey_sTZPVHDp1knR/s400/CornerStone-Copperplate.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<i>This first corner stone of the Union Public Hotel, was laid by the free Masons of the Cyty of Washington & of Geo. Town, on the memorable 4th day of July 1793, James Hoben Architect.</i></blockquote>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
The Patent Office moved into a new building at what is now Gallery Place, and the Post Office built a new fireproof building on the site designed by Robert Mills, which came to be known as the General Post Office building. Mills also designed the U.S. Treasury building, the Patent Office building, and the Washington Monument. The General Post Office was constructed between 1839 and 1866 in two stages. Charles Dickens described the southern part of the building completed in 1842 as "a very compact and very beautiful building." <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=AI09AAAAYAAJ&lpg=PA13&dq=%3A%20%22We%20doubt%20if%20there%20is%20a%20building%20in%20the%20world%20more%20chaste%20and%20architecturally%20perfect%20than%20the%20General%20Post-Office%20as%20now%20completed.%20Without%20the%20imposing%20grandeur%20of%20its%20neighbor%20the%20Patent-Office%2C%20it%20is%20so%20symmetrical%2C%20and%20the%20details%20so%20faithfully%20executed%2C%20that%20it%20carries%20us%20back%20to%20the%20palmy%20days%20of%20Italian%20art.%22&pg=PA13#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank">Harper's Magazine</a> remarked in 1859 that "We doubt if there is a building in the world more chaste
and architecturally perfect than the General Post Office as now
completed<span face=""calibri" , "sans-serif"" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%;">.</span>" Architect Thomas U. Walter oversaw the 1855 northern expansion. Construction had to be halted during the Civil War, so the building was not completed until 1866. A Union supply depot occupied the basement during the war.</blockquote>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCmNS3X9cn6brS4MjJwTwySW_oNM93O3Q52ylaNV3XBzRdahsMRRydFtq7vlGKuFxXcogkk4zWqPCEcj2eX0E_Xr-h7C9zzjlIIz-gSwxKMmkI6d1TY5hFWauTZz8gPaTgdvAgCP0ZIMei/s1600/P1540864-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="282" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCmNS3X9cn6brS4MjJwTwySW_oNM93O3Q52ylaNV3XBzRdahsMRRydFtq7vlGKuFxXcogkk4zWqPCEcj2eX0E_Xr-h7C9zzjlIIz-gSwxKMmkI6d1TY5hFWauTZz8gPaTgdvAgCP0ZIMei/s400/P1540864-1.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjyrZpA04411tBGptGcbmwjVNq_taO9VJQS2ju9bx-P138l1nLuSaxCm-ecZF613w9hmCz1oTM0ZofeCTQzH4c0werCqS6hLzNhCpUAnkllA044iaGdaB-zBhf5zCbqyrVWVQnQuoOlKv7s/s1600/P1220575-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjyrZpA04411tBGptGcbmwjVNq_taO9VJQS2ju9bx-P138l1nLuSaxCm-ecZF613w9hmCz1oTM0ZofeCTQzH4c0werCqS6hLzNhCpUAnkllA044iaGdaB-zBhf5zCbqyrVWVQnQuoOlKv7s/s400/P1220575-1.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: small;">General Post Office</span></b></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;">has been designated a</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://focus.nps.gov/nrhp/AssetDetail?assetID=d58e0814-2164-4a2f-a09b-a55f7a4ccb5a" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">REGISTERED NATIONAL</span></a></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://focus.nps.gov/nrhp/AssetDetail?assetID=d58e0814-2164-4a2f-a09b-a55f7a4ccb5a" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">HISTORIC LANDMARK</span></a></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;">Under the provisions of the</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;">historic sites act of August 21, 1935</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;">This site possesses exceptional value</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;">in commemorating or illustrating </span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;">the history of the United States</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;">U.S. Department of Interior</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;">National Park Service</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;">1972</span> </div>
<br />
This illustration "The General Post Office" appeared in <a href="https://archive.org/stream/picturesquewashi00moor#page/209/mode/1up" target="_blank"><u>Picturesque Washington</u></a> by Joseph West Moore in 1884.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEieet34R8BlEGFc5OauP78RdHWqzd2WuBt4or6v_oG89M1Ij7wobzqkGS53h9NJ9Yj5yax8OlXecYYlPzUStOynWLLM1OIwW85CPNAXj9RLe9eUlY3foXTM6m3Na-PQff_OX_fZQQFNFcXj/s1600/GeneralPostOffice.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="316" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEieet34R8BlEGFc5OauP78RdHWqzd2WuBt4or6v_oG89M1Ij7wobzqkGS53h9NJ9Yj5yax8OlXecYYlPzUStOynWLLM1OIwW85CPNAXj9RLe9eUlY3foXTM6m3Na-PQff_OX_fZQQFNFcXj/s400/GeneralPostOffice.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<br />
<br />
On April 1, 1845, a small two-story house on 7th Street, soon to be swallowed up by the Post Office Building, housed the first telegraph office in the United States. It should be noted that the message "What Hath God Wrought" was sent not from this site but from the Capitol, in 1844.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibMhDDPjJ4AwfwbT9QPTc1u5lTm6dZx4j0Y7dgP5MtihyphenhyphenyQ_3_824sc70bJ5vIqfXE-Qu2HsFJm4BmidTCIVF1a8ED57SdUu-4Xk7KuYm3F4-gZBHAwbM-DjVkrs8fBHamKj7bsm9-KM-A/s1600/DSCN0425-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibMhDDPjJ4AwfwbT9QPTc1u5lTm6dZx4j0Y7dgP5MtihyphenhyphenyQ_3_824sc70bJ5vIqfXE-Qu2HsFJm4BmidTCIVF1a8ED57SdUu-4Xk7KuYm3F4-gZBHAwbM-DjVkrs8fBHamKj7bsm9-KM-A/s400/DSCN0425-1.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span class="leadinghead"></span>Samuel F. B. Morse</div>
Artist and inventor opened and operated on this site under the direction of the Post Office Department the first public telegraph office in the United States April 1st 1845<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
"What Hath God Wrought"</div>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<br />
The General Post Office building has housed many government entities, including the Land Office, the Tariff Commission, and the International Trade Commission. After WWI, it housed General Pershing's headquarters.The Post Office moved in 1897 to a building now called the Old Post Office, soon to be the Trump International Hotel.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgmHXK1Hk_aZR8QDcJ-uQbl2jZRqzcK85Kj3vofYH7tFZuExOhRX9oojMZbueeBHHdvmBpqSmyeVGiBDzP6PT2jSzt1TYUHoFYecjzYc6c0j1R_kYf6q0-aHDjf08RtGXziuDGStywhLSP/s1600/P1540865-2.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="256" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgmHXK1Hk_aZR8QDcJ-uQbl2jZRqzcK85Kj3vofYH7tFZuExOhRX9oojMZbueeBHHdvmBpqSmyeVGiBDzP6PT2jSzt1TYUHoFYecjzYc6c0j1R_kYf6q0-aHDjf08RtGXziuDGStywhLSP/s400/P1540865-2.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<br />
The ITC moved out of the General Post Office building in 1988, and Congress gave the run-down building to the Smithsonian, but the building sat empty for a decade, allegedly used as a crack house. The GSA ran a competition for renters of the property which Kimpton Hotel and Restaurant Group won. The Hotel Monaco opened in the old General Post Office building in 2002 with a 60 year lease.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg4BajFDrj5XZ0vgYDXjpbGVb9gjkhAJwE4HRY20GYVQr97FNib63wzYFUsccwld5Hg4nuYPMWScbd2FGjHZmRgeQofaOMM4KDixShOX2hxzi0T4_YEUuKJpeoYlawuIVcn0-DM1DOdwymQ/s1600/P1220493-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="262" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg4BajFDrj5XZ0vgYDXjpbGVb9gjkhAJwE4HRY20GYVQr97FNib63wzYFUsccwld5Hg4nuYPMWScbd2FGjHZmRgeQofaOMM4KDixShOX2hxzi0T4_YEUuKJpeoYlawuIVcn0-DM1DOdwymQ/s400/P1220493-1.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
Allen Brownehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02871983840550191787noreply@blogger.com3Northwest Washington, Washington, DC, USA38.896251820666777 -77.02246427536010738.89547932066678 -77.023724775360108 38.897024320666773 -77.0212037753601tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2073838520097258789.post-77376374975064799882016-01-17T16:29:00.009-05:002024-02-23T10:52:16.335-05:00John Randolph of Roanoke<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj4l1KSzboomBNmVw7WiqZ14IjWU8FVoaEY4dEOoeVT2pYPfOfBIVJawczlflOt7u_sXTYeDJUU7dy0BzA1Fb4Ve4_CLpiG5oxDqvXGNX-LG10Xf0ux_MbBLZuvIjaPqtdukilpXWYLXv8t/s1600/P1930943-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj4l1KSzboomBNmVw7WiqZ14IjWU8FVoaEY4dEOoeVT2pYPfOfBIVJawczlflOt7u_sXTYeDJUU7dy0BzA1Fb4Ve4_CLpiG5oxDqvXGNX-LG10Xf0ux_MbBLZuvIjaPqtdukilpXWYLXv8t/s640/P1930943-1.jpg" width="480" /></a> </div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
John Randolph of Roanoke opposed the War of 1812 and dueled with Henry Clay</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<br />
On June 18, 1812, Congressman John Randolph told a group of Congressional war-hawks after their overwhelming vote to declare war on Britain, "Gentlemen, you have made war -- you have finished the ruin of our country -- and before you conquer Canada, your idol [Napoleon] will cease to distract the world, and the capitol will be in ruin." Although the war did not ruin the United States, Britain did burn the Capitol two years later in 1814 after Napoleon's exile freed British troops for duty in America. In fact, it was John Randolph who dubbed the pro-war congressmen "war hawks" in the first place. <br />
<a name='more'></a><br />
This as yet un-installed roadside marker (<a href="http://www.markerhistory.com/war-of-1812-opposition-john-randolph-marker-fr-28/" target="_blank">FR-28</a>) outlines the story. {It was installed in 2017, see <a href="https://www.hmdb.org/m.asp?m=107493" target="_blank">HMdb</a>}<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEguB0gtXAb8V2jjSYyh94BQJsluxyIK1VOIzZr304x_xvd6oq9okHoIP9wRBPyflXVEwRqlYJH1HyXEN0-AFhMwViSR0RZB16LmjDjL-2Py9pcQuKO08qxLv35OvrU9tHGQtv-ceo80y_Bn/s1600/Opposition.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEguB0gtXAb8V2jjSYyh94BQJsluxyIK1VOIzZr304x_xvd6oq9okHoIP9wRBPyflXVEwRqlYJH1HyXEN0-AFhMwViSR0RZB16LmjDjL-2Py9pcQuKO08qxLv35OvrU9tHGQtv-ceo80y_Bn/s400/Opposition.jpg" width="318" /></a></div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b>War of 1812 Opposition</b></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b>John Randolph</b></div>
The War of 1812 sparked intense opposition, particularly among members of the Federalist Party who unanimously opposed the June 1812 declaration of war. One of its most outspoken opponents was Virginia Republican Congressman and later Senator John Randolph of nearby Roanoke Plantation. Echoing other opponents, he denounced the war as needless and argued that it would lead to high taxes and a larger national debt. Randolph lost his reelection bid in 1813 over his opposition to the war, but was elected to his former seat in 1815. He died in Philadelphia in 1833 and is buried in Richmond.</blockquote><div>Elmo Scott Watson dubbed John Randolph of Roanoke, “<a href="http://landmarks.allenbrowne.info/RandolphofRoanoke/StrangestAmerican/" target="_blank">The Strangest American.</a>” For more on John Randolph see <u><a href="http://landmarks.allenbrowne.info/RandolphofRoanoke/Harpers'/" target="_blank">Harper's Cyclopædia</a></u> or <u><a href="http://landmarks.allenbrowne.info/RandolphofRoanoke/Appleton's/" target="_blank">Appletons' Cyclopedia</a>.</u></div><div><u><br /></u></div>
Randolph's youthful appearance conceals the fact that he was 32 years old in 1804-5 when Gilbert Stuart painted this portrait. By this time he had been in Congress for 4 years and was chairman of the Ways and Means Committee.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhYoYyn6ackbNYfp6QZZCC659PLStgHbjv8PfhH_f-U_rdubgtx-XqGyM6Wb-tFt1JD9VFTRCy52N59StpP5XzhvuMCKBMrVm6ycw7ubC-UrtBs5IA3akt0bBFdIoz6jhVev__oR9q2q57r/s1600/P1930940-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhYoYyn6ackbNYfp6QZZCC659PLStgHbjv8PfhH_f-U_rdubgtx-XqGyM6Wb-tFt1JD9VFTRCy52N59StpP5XzhvuMCKBMrVm6ycw7ubC-UrtBs5IA3akt0bBFdIoz6jhVev__oR9q2q57r/s400/P1930940-1.jpg" width="333" /></a></div>
<br />
Randolph suffered from a condition that hindered his maturation, perhaps Klinefelter's Syndrome. He never had a beard and his famous orator's voice was high pitched, some said womanly. Steve Vogel describes Randolph this way:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
Randolph's small head, raised shoulders, tiny waist, and long, thin legs gave him the look of a crane, and appearance made all the more pronounced by his clothing, usually a swallowtail coat adorned with a white cravat in which he would bury his neck.Randolph was a bitter misanthrope, known in Congress as rude, merciless, and venomous. </blockquote>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEikgiE9gAfeXeqLhGADnQGaKOCwuZMNSPDQBPj7AWVIOBE7Jz7QlDy9UlUYRDdiUNiEAJzfAyX5y1Vki7wTGxe49tlpG9JX-5wmBdvt9I9_xZPiS7tJFnluuCaoMRDOHJH6uOklu97N04Rz/s1600/RandolphInEngland.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEikgiE9gAfeXeqLhGADnQGaKOCwuZMNSPDQBPj7AWVIOBE7Jz7QlDy9UlUYRDdiUNiEAJzfAyX5y1Vki7wTGxe49tlpG9JX-5wmBdvt9I9_xZPiS7tJFnluuCaoMRDOHJH6uOklu97N04Rz/s640/RandolphInEngland.jpg" width="378" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">John Randolph in England<br />
from Garland, 1851.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
This portrait by John Wesley Jarvis captures Randolph's still youthful appearance in 1811, on the eve of the War of 1812.</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwM8kZUGqIvL6J9kjMw4PkJ9oL8WpVpihvIh-TqO_DjigVXj-OEYUFoMomrJlQAXOOmPWvCMJhzALPWpfBv01x7aFgQInx5gp10CE1_eqhXrGqHwhyphenhyphenA8L-NVh8AJwln8fgWvMD8w68zut3/s1600/P1530834-2.jpg"></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwM8kZUGqIvL6J9kjMw4PkJ9oL8WpVpihvIh-TqO_DjigVXj-OEYUFoMomrJlQAXOOmPWvCMJhzALPWpfBv01x7aFgQInx5gp10CE1_eqhXrGqHwhyphenhyphenA8L-NVh8AJwln8fgWvMD8w68zut3/s1600/P1530834-2.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwM8kZUGqIvL6J9kjMw4PkJ9oL8WpVpihvIh-TqO_DjigVXj-OEYUFoMomrJlQAXOOmPWvCMJhzALPWpfBv01x7aFgQInx5gp10CE1_eqhXrGqHwhyphenhyphenA8L-NVh8AJwln8fgWvMD8w68zut3/s400/P1530834-2.jpg" width="322" /></a></div>
<br />
Randolph was a close friend of fellow Federalist <a href="http://allencbrowne.blogspot.com/2016/01/francis-scott-key.html" target="_blank">Francis Scott Key</a>. When Randolph lost his seat after opposing the war, he left Washington in April of 1813 so quickly that he left behind "books, letters, papers &c. in (and out of) an open trunk; also a gun, flask, shot-belt, &c." in his rooming house. He wrote Key and asked him to hold on to them. Key later wrote Randolph in September to say,"My Dear Sir, T'was thinking of your gun a few days before I received your letter, and determined to rub off some rust, and try if I could kill Mrs. Key a bird or two. She has just given me another son, and of course deserves this piece of courtesy."<br />
<br />
Randolph's nemesis in Congress was fellow Virginian Henry Clay .<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitNImj4eAOebhP5xgNTfDaAoPUIEYdJV_gnm56htTqTc6Ent9NBQHU7_p8Cjq81Y46r8qg9PNz51EpLT0v_uCTasW6ycRNjsgBwlMyfPZlpxUfBOheklxM2cKp3WMIiJh8B0T71MYZATw-/s1600/P1530669-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitNImj4eAOebhP5xgNTfDaAoPUIEYdJV_gnm56htTqTc6Ent9NBQHU7_p8Cjq81Y46r8qg9PNz51EpLT0v_uCTasW6ycRNjsgBwlMyfPZlpxUfBOheklxM2cKp3WMIiJh8B0T71MYZATw-/s400/P1530669-1.jpg" width="336" /></a></div>
<br />
<br />
When Clay became Speaker of the House in 1811, he forbade Randolph to bring his hunting dogs to the floor of the house as had been his custom, but their enmity went deeper than that. Randolph considered Clay corrupt. He famously called Clay, "a man of splendid abilities, but utterly corrupt. He shines and stinks like a rotten mackerel by moonlight."<br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhALXBPvCEqd1DUUcExLzNqr1To5RW7tBlnlsqMz_Iluz7jKMMkzspkaHQ81MRrP52z6TFdUpPUEwuXLn7NNZAEFHjypqMu-hhtqiJc7lmdtlC3Br6F7y6BWfBoJNRYFa-bHNPoHA1b30e7/s1600/JohnRandolph.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhALXBPvCEqd1DUUcExLzNqr1To5RW7tBlnlsqMz_Iluz7jKMMkzspkaHQ81MRrP52z6TFdUpPUEwuXLn7NNZAEFHjypqMu-hhtqiJc7lmdtlC3Br6F7y6BWfBoJNRYFa-bHNPoHA1b30e7/s640/JohnRandolph.jpg" width="385" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Randolph & his dogs on the floor of the House of Representatives. (<a href="https://archive.org/download/americaneloquenc15391gut/15391-h/images/randolph.jpg" target="_blank">American Eloquence</a>)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br />
Relations between Randolph and Clay turned violent when Randolph called Clay a "blackleg" on the floor of the house. (A blackleg is a cheater at cards.) Normally, remarks made on the house floor were exempt from challenge under the "Code Duello" of the time. But Clay, believing that Randolph had waved that defense, challenged him to a duel. They agreed to meet in Virginia because Randolph claimed only the soil of Virginia was worthy of his blood. The duel took place on April 8, 1826, at Pimmit Run, just over the Chain Bridge from Washington in Arlington.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
Another Virginia historical marker tells the story.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiFM3y5dw4r4010c6GHMMZORCUvMSkpgfUPz20fBEAQsCzKcAgE0C3QFyN8u3_q1IdR0EDj_eFwkiwWOrdowvNliNAZ9b2MXd8j8y9sSQ2LB0zZ5z2Nvy6x9UDVfRj5Lm5laMhcD8ttlXnv/s1600/P1980974-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiFM3y5dw4r4010c6GHMMZORCUvMSkpgfUPz20fBEAQsCzKcAgE0C3QFyN8u3_q1IdR0EDj_eFwkiwWOrdowvNliNAZ9b2MXd8j8y9sSQ2LB0zZ5z2Nvy6x9UDVfRj5Lm5laMhcD8ttlXnv/s400/P1980974-1.jpg" width="355" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
</div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
Although dueling was illegal in Virginia, Secretary of State Henry Clay
challenged U.S. Senator John Randolph of Roanoke. Clay called Randolph out to
defend his honor after Randolph insulted him in a speech on the Senate floor.
Randolph confided to Senator Thomas Hart Benton of Missouri that he had no
intention of hurting Clay, who was married and had a child. The duel took place
on 8 April 1826 a half mile north at Pimmit Run. Both first shots missed their
intended targets. Clay's second shot also missed, and Randolph raised his
pistol and fired it in the air. The duel then ended, and the unhurt adversaries
met each other halfway and shook hands.</blockquote>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
</div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiE_Hfw_liPrY15mLdkAkAm-pEfST1EUg_WiWrRvTfiSQ_wV-DkGJ9NJYTft8K4RII-taE-2gv5hVKSlrXH2VxjsFnJljIlxZAxFTmeGwV3RYGI5-w3F1k8QfqG-0wFRQ-RoeMt4Gxvxfvg/s1600/Clay+and+Randolph-Bryan.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="302" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiE_Hfw_liPrY15mLdkAkAm-pEfST1EUg_WiWrRvTfiSQ_wV-DkGJ9NJYTft8K4RII-taE-2gv5hVKSlrXH2VxjsFnJljIlxZAxFTmeGwV3RYGI5-w3F1k8QfqG-0wFRQ-RoeMt4Gxvxfvg/s400/Clay+and+Randolph-Bryan.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Duel between Randolph and Clay<br />
Bryan and Ridpath, 1893 </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
The duel proceeded almost comically. Randolph accidentally fired his pistol before the duel began when he inadvertently touched the hair-trigger. Although Randolph had expressed an intent not to fire at Clay, he was unnerved by the mis-fire and on the first round did fire at Clay. Both Clay and Randolph missed on the first round and, proclaiming themselves unsatisfied, went on with the second. On the second firing, Clay put a bullet through the skirt of Randolph's expensive coat, and Randolph made the grand gesture he had originally planned on, firing into the air and saying, "I do not fire at you, Mr. Clay." When met half-way to shake hands, Randolph remarked, "You owe me a coat, Mr.Clay." Clay replied, "I am glad the debt is no greater."<br />
<br />
John Randoph's dueling pistols can be seen in the Virginia Historical Museum. They say these may have been the pistols used in the duel with Henry Clay. <br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3pVOOLiFrqeCOkUJNx6Hw0VIMO5fJTIuDijE0RHzNM17Uq-sQYcnj04WTm8dj3OmFJUufN3g3dB3BqcT0JHW6oJIw_h5_O8Ket-QmW3fl0K7UgFE7_siBxdUQ9B4RqzBZAC24EGJhFH63/s1600/P1910121-2.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="177" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3pVOOLiFrqeCOkUJNx6Hw0VIMO5fJTIuDijE0RHzNM17Uq-sQYcnj04WTm8dj3OmFJUufN3g3dB3BqcT0JHW6oJIw_h5_O8Ket-QmW3fl0K7UgFE7_siBxdUQ9B4RqzBZAC24EGJhFH63/s400/P1910121-2.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<br />
While it's not clear, to me at least, exactly where the duel took place, this dam on Pimmit Run under the modern-day (1928) Chain Bridge looks like the one in the 1893 illustration above.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjpBGLiTTzQqc8vt-1lffsMyEX6aU4foTEUYZn1ob5fxARosEXYzWxiK5cOo9x0UxhBpHNbZzDK2-plQL9L41tIFHmrj6QmanGFzePb32dcvmH8mwY195ImZKkDvCK8ymX8PqI7KXWKDgeu/s1600/P1990095-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjpBGLiTTzQqc8vt-1lffsMyEX6aU4foTEUYZn1ob5fxARosEXYzWxiK5cOo9x0UxhBpHNbZzDK2-plQL9L41tIFHmrj6QmanGFzePb32dcvmH8mwY195ImZKkDvCK8ymX8PqI7KXWKDgeu/s400/P1990095-1.jpg" width="400" /> </a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<b>A Conservative of Ambiguous Sexuality</b> <br /><br /> Modern conservatives reluctantly recognize Randolph as a forebearer. After all, he opened his public career in 1799 with a debate at Charlotte Courthouse against Patrick Henry in which he defended the position that the Federal Government has no right to impose laws on the states. It was Henry's last debate and Randoph's first. <br /><br />Timothy Stanley wrote in <u><a href="https://www.theamericanconservative.com/articles/who-was-john-randolph/" target="_blank">The American Conservative</a></u> that: <br /><blockquote>"John Randolph of Roanoke was everything the modern conservative might despise: aristocratic, sexually ambiguous, occasionally irreligious, anti-party, and the sworn enemy of military adventurism. His personality suggests he might have had more in common with the late Gore Vidal than Sarah Palin. Yet Randolph still stands out as one of the most important conservative thinkers of the generation after the Founding Fathers."</blockquote>K. A. Muston wrote in the <u><a href="https://www.dailykos.com/stories/2010/1/24/829584/-" target="_blank">Daily Kos</a></u> that "The man represents the tap root of two great branches in American conservative politics, patrician conservatives and gay conservatives; because if John Randolph wasn’t gay, then neither was Roy Cohen."<br /> <br /> The article below appeared in various newspapers in 1903. Perhaps the portrait in question is the 1811 portrait above.<br />
<br />
<blockquote>
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>Took Him for a Woman, </b></span></blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-size: large;">Idyllic Beauty of John Randolph of Roanoke Led Guest of Prominent Southern Club Into Deplorable Error</span></blockquote>
<blockquote>
<span style="font-size: large;"> - At the Grave of the Great Southern Statesman</span></blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
"When I was in Richmond a few days since," said Mr. Ridgely Howard of Baltimore to a representative of the Washington Star at the New Willard, "I made one of those bad breaks which prove so embarrassing. I was a guest of a member of the crack Westmoreland club, and after a slight repast I was escorted through the building for the purpose of viewing the pictures, relics of the civil war, -etc. During the tour mentioned my attention was particularly attracted to the portrait of what I took to be a very handsome brunette. I incidentally remarked to my host that the young lady was quite pretty, when, with a low chuckle, he replied, 'Yes, quite pretty, but as a matter of fact the picture represents John Randolph of Roanoke at 18.' You also smile, but let me explain how I was caught. The hair was parted in the middle and neatly combed back of the ears; the features were of a purely feminine mold, and the expression of the eyes and face was so shy and bashful that you will readily understand how I was deceived. One can hardly conceive, looking at the portrait of Randolph at the age represented, that he could ever grow into the cynical and disagreeable creature he is reported to have been in his later years. If he ever had love affairs which went wrong I have never heard of them. As near as I can learn he never had any real ardent affection for any woman except his mother, who, it is said, was beautiful, and whom it is also said he closely resembled in beauty as a child. <br />
<br />
"Later in the day I paid a visit to Hollywood cemetery a beautiful spot, and sought the grave of Randolph. I found it on a gentle slope overlooking the James. It appears that some twenty years ago, or more, the remains of Randolph were moved from the lonely spot in the forest at Roanoke to their present resting place by the state authorities. A marble slab now covers his last resting. place, on which is the following inscription: 'Here lies John Randolph of Roanoke.' The only other words on the slab are those giving the date of birth and death." </blockquote>
The claim that Randolph of Roanoke never had "real ardent affection for any woman except his mother" is not fully contradicted by <a href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/1919773?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents" target="_blank">Robert Douthat Meade</a>'s description of Randolph's engagement to Mary Ward who later married John's brother Edmund. John Randolph suddenly and inexplicably called off the engagement in 1799. Meade believes the engagement was broken off because of Randolph's physical impairment.<br />
<br />
It seems Randolph was not gay, he was more or less asexual due to his lack of physical development. Stanley quotes Bill Kauffman that “Dr. Francis West conducted a post-mortem examination of Randolph and recorded that the ‘scrotum was scarcely at all developed,’ with only a right testicle ‘the size of a small bean.’” We might say that John Randolph of Roanoke was neither a heterosexual nor a homosexual but falls somewhere else in the LGBT spectrum.<br />
<br />It has been reported that on his deathbed Randolph had the word “Remorse” looked up in a dictionary and copied onto a calling card, which he gazed at as he died. (See <a href="http://landmarks.allenbrowne.info/RandolphofRoanoke/Remorse/Bruce.htm" target="_blank">William Cabell Bruce's description of Randolph's death</a>.) John Phoenix has an <a href="http://landmarks.allenbrowne.info/RandolphofRoanoke/Remorse/Ph%C5%93nix.htm" target="_blank">alternate view of the event</a>.<div> <br /><div>
As a postscript, I'll note that John Greenleaf Whittier wrote a poem about John Randolph of Roanoke, the most quoted verse of which refers to his Virginia oriented patriotism.<br /><blockquote class="tr_bq"><blockquote class="tr_bq"><blockquote class="tr_bq">"Too honest or too proud to feign<br />
A love he never cherished,<br />
Beyond Virginia's border line<br />
His patriotism perished.<br />
While others hailed in distant skies<br />
Our eagle's dusty pinion,<br />
He only saw the mountain bird<br />
Stoop o'er his Old Dominion!"</blockquote>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
<br />
Read the full poem<a href="http://landmarks.allenbrowne.info/RandolphofRoanoke/index.htm" target="_blank"> here.</a><br />
<br /></div></div>Allen Brownehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02871983840550191787noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2073838520097258789.post-66207422312617692312015-04-06T07:28:00.007-04:002020-08-15T09:14:35.114-04:00Haliaeetus Washingtonii - Washington's Sea Eagle<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgzqln0wR2CNQDl4rreeZbY00wIwx55WNOjISjct3z5wRZHjPm0OL9HhaNalBNKiUvpMeYKwfpiOl1YHR54fP5IWTEoR-hulWHMhhv8JH-Sj2WtbW1d-rtpz5n9zXigvhTvj7-dNK3-uzRm/s1600/P1240043-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgzqln0wR2CNQDl4rreeZbY00wIwx55WNOjISjct3z5wRZHjPm0OL9HhaNalBNKiUvpMeYKwfpiOl1YHR54fP5IWTEoR-hulWHMhhv8JH-Sj2WtbW1d-rtpz5n9zXigvhTvj7-dNK3-uzRm/s1600/P1240043-1.jpg" width="480" /></a></div>
<br />
Of all the monuments to George Washington, Audubon's
dedication of this eagle to Washington is perhaps the strangest. Strange because this species doesn't exist.<br />
<a name='more'></a><br />
In the Smithsonian Museum of American Art in Washington, we find an oil painting of an eagle by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_James_Audubon" target="_blank">John James Audubon</a>.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEifoLiG1WLRyUC0QWGuaUByRw4houkDbA7ctqUDhY2SSemdZgvbNT9KtdpliSaUGFErHuSr7VwcC9Q9sE8IMFB-63IwHxDcvVuU4iFAkeiasW5uLfwjPf9gn-G-D01vGk8Da58zXgyrA1l8/s1600/P1240003-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEifoLiG1WLRyUC0QWGuaUByRw4houkDbA7ctqUDhY2SSemdZgvbNT9KtdpliSaUGFErHuSr7VwcC9Q9sE8IMFB-63IwHxDcvVuU4iFAkeiasW5uLfwjPf9gn-G-D01vGk8Da58zXgyrA1l8/s1600/P1240003-1.jpg" width="300" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgLZml0UyTec5K4lnkXYoht2fd2jon9JjTHFpE6_-jituaDnlkal2di0qMYqvSiDI8l8UYaF0ezqNyQ9rWfC6snHoaaRLJxydtVUqLeP4IoB9Dqk_P6KJPI2kzBrujvJF6lVAGj5jjqxI_1/s1600/P1230993-2.jpg"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgLZml0UyTec5K4lnkXYoht2fd2jon9JjTHFpE6_-jituaDnlkal2di0qMYqvSiDI8l8UYaF0ezqNyQ9rWfC6snHoaaRLJxydtVUqLeP4IoB9Dqk_P6KJPI2kzBrujvJF6lVAGj5jjqxI_1/s1600/P1230993-2.jpg" width="460" /></a></div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
<br />
Its label tells us that it is "<a href="http://americanart.si.edu/collections/search/artwork/?id=34111" target="_blank">Washington Sea Eagle</a>" painted by Audubon between 1822 and 1823.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjsZXYLnkPEvvEu7MaLqiSZm3p7546wOywAo6UQpY7F5Wey9uCXeA08ZgVO94tYtYrW5fb-iDgnaA5Eo8g1_PlOgGbpx1xU1XEE5dGRxXm9PB7cFIEhx1gVyk01ysrCpc835Dljwt0qDOYd/s1600/P1230996-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjsZXYLnkPEvvEu7MaLqiSZm3p7546wOywAo6UQpY7F5Wey9uCXeA08ZgVO94tYtYrW5fb-iDgnaA5Eo8g1_PlOgGbpx1xU1XEE5dGRxXm9PB7cFIEhx1gVyk01ysrCpc835Dljwt0qDOYd/s1600/P1230996-1.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div><br /></div>When Audubon observed a large brown eagle along the Mississippi River in 1814, he believed it was an as yet undescribed new species.
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
It was in the month of February 1814, that I obtained the first sight of this noble bird, and never shall I forget the delight which it gave me. Not even Herschel, when he discovered the planet which bears his name, could have experienced more rapturous feelings. (Herschel named the planet we call Uranus "Georgium sidus" after George III. In countries that did not approve of the English king, like France, it was called Herschel after its discoverer.) We were on a trading voyage, ascending the Upper Mississippi. The keen wintry blasts whistled around us, and the cold from which I suffered had, in a great degree, extinguished the deep interest which, at other seasons, this magnificent river has been wont to awake in me. I lay stretched beside our patroon. The safety of the cargo was forgotten, and the only thing that called my attention was the multitude of ducks, of different species, accompanied by vast flocks of swans, which from time to time passed us. My patroon, a Canadian, had been engaged many years in the fur trade. He was a man of much intelligence, and, perceiving that these birds had engaged my curiosity, seemed anxious to find some new object to divert me. An eagle flew over us. "How fortunate!" he exclaimed; "this is what I could have wished. Look, sir! the Great Eagle, and the only one I have seen since I left the lakes." I was instantly on my feet, and having observed it attentively, concluded, as I lost it in the distance, that it was a species quite new to me. My patroon assured me that such birds were indeed rare; that they sometimes followed the hunters, to feed on the entrails of animals which they had killed, when the lakes were frozen over, but that when the lakes were open, they would dive in the daytime after fish, and snatch them up in the manner of the Fishing Hawk; and that they roosted generally on the shelves of the rocks, where they built their nests, of which he had discovered several by the quantity of white dung scattered below. - <a href="http://digital.library.pitt.edu/cgi-bin/t/text/pageviewer-idx?c=darltext;cc=darltext;idno=31735056284882;type=simple;q1=Washington;submit=Search;node=31735056284882%3A18;frm=frameset;rgn=full%20text;didno=31735056284882;view=image;seq=0084" target="_blank">Ornithological Biography</a>. </blockquote>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcEXxaHTquRFqg9CG5_fftavcLJXbg55VW7bNUvMalnItVSylkA0P0ua4GiNwm5g8HqMMxazBZNdcyD_xsn1jr_w5GtgC34NA6yQPu64JehbYQJlThdnsScjVhgiVl4fm-PwlaI5-Nlok4/s1600/P1230337-1.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcEXxaHTquRFqg9CG5_fftavcLJXbg55VW7bNUvMalnItVSylkA0P0ua4GiNwm5g8HqMMxazBZNdcyD_xsn1jr_w5GtgC34NA6yQPu64JehbYQJlThdnsScjVhgiVl4fm-PwlaI5-Nlok4/s1600/P1230337-1.jpg" width="300" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">John James Audubon, Self-Portrait, 1822-23</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
Later in Henderson, Kentucky, he shot one.</div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<div class="MsoNormal">
In returning from the little village of Henderson, to the house of Doctor Rankin, about a mile distant, I saw an eagle rise from a small enclosure not a hundred yards before me, where the Doctor had a few days before slaughtered some hogs, and alight upon a low tree branching over the road. I prepared my double-barrelled piece, which I constantly carry, and went slowly and cautiously towards him. Quite fearlessly he awaited my approach, looking upon me with undaunted eye. I fired and he fell. Before I reached him he was dead. With what delight did I survey the magnificent bird! Had the finest salmon ever pleased him as he did me?—Never. I ran and presented him to my friend, with a pride which they alone can feel, who, like me, have devoted themselves from their earliest childhood to such pursuits, and who have derived from them their first pleasures. To others I must seem to "prattle out of fashion." The Doctor, who was an experienced hunter, examined the bird with much satisfaction, and frankly acknowledged he had never before seen or heard of it.</div>
</blockquote>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEixiMZUkeYnmgU2u20GyW3wjMZvzou9F6ayNDIp2SS5mbM6vFfeXh6HkaLbiJ2qo8I3W-PGd8BqXshZf-c1BmdRb6JkRutVxirMLN8IwBPvV9ekv-nJxrlN-DD7pTVM3Oag6rKDrMUq_U6Z/s2048/John_James_Audubon_1826-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1613" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEixiMZUkeYnmgU2u20GyW3wjMZvzou9F6ayNDIp2SS5mbM6vFfeXh6HkaLbiJ2qo8I3W-PGd8BqXshZf-c1BmdRb6JkRutVxirMLN8IwBPvV9ekv-nJxrlN-DD7pTVM3Oag6rKDrMUq_U6Z/s640/John_James_Audubon_1826-1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal">Audubon presented this new-found species to the ornithological world in his 1827<u> <a href="http://www.audubon.org/birds-of-america" target="_blank">Birds of America</a></u> with this illustration... </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiwDLemIYaSV98JjiQXUt9032rBy01A0lEz1T7LBChr4ZfAdOuqraiX2Xpox3Kxxi47kqyfSd-lqFtMweQuGLBeXaBDnvHGvJZ3WszlwAyM4bN3p0-jonz8nT2gNjQr3Kz08jM0Vt6WH0PW/s1600/Bird_of_Washington_(Audubon).jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiwDLemIYaSV98JjiQXUt9032rBy01A0lEz1T7LBChr4ZfAdOuqraiX2Xpox3Kxxi47kqyfSd-lqFtMweQuGLBeXaBDnvHGvJZ3WszlwAyM4bN3p0-jonz8nT2gNjQr3Kz08jM0Vt6WH0PW/s1600/Bird_of_Washington_(Audubon).jpg" width="424" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Bird of Washington, Falco Washingtonii Aud. Male</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br />
... and a report in the <u>London Magaizine of Natural History</u> in 1829 with this illustration and a detailed description.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhaIN9KcHhz-pbvnnYbbZhChSgkKOqt-CLVZcbNid9cmrzLjv4VXo4jDMpKaxmEvNbKA-fP-8HEOvIO1rIWxzZZRAB6V13c6KhObOaTneagGDBl1hn6yc1QcGbPtgqFCET0QppmsoyGlh3p/s1600/Notes+on+The+Bird+of+Washington-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhaIN9KcHhz-pbvnnYbbZhChSgkKOqt-CLVZcbNid9cmrzLjv4VXo4jDMpKaxmEvNbKA-fP-8HEOvIO1rIWxzZZRAB6V13c6KhObOaTneagGDBl1hn6yc1QcGbPtgqFCET0QppmsoyGlh3p/s1600/Notes+on+The+Bird+of+Washington-1.jpg" width="380" /></a></div>
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
He named this new eagle in honor of George Washington<i> Falco Washingtonii</i>.</div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<div class="MsoNormal">
The name which I have chosen for this new species of Eagle, "The Bird of Washington," may, by some, be considered as preposterous and unfit; but as it is indisputably the noblest bird of its genus that has yet been discovered in the United States, I trust I shall be allowed to honour it with the name of one yet nobler, who was the saviour of his country, and whose name will ever be dear to it. To those who may be curious to know my reasons, I can only say, that, as the new world gave me birth and liberty, the great man who ensured its independence is next to my heart. He had a nobility of mind, and a generosity of soul, such as are seldom possessed. He was brave, so is the eagle; like it, too, he was the terror of his foes; and his fame, extending from pole to pole, resembles the majestic soarings of the mightiest of the feathered tribe. If America has reason to be proud of her Washington, so has she to be proud of her Great Eagle. </div>
</blockquote>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Aside from Audubon's description, no specimen of this bird exists. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Ornithologists today think Audubon mistook a young Bald Eagle, which lacks a white tail or white head, for a new species. It was subsequently called "Haliaeetus Leucocephalus Washingtonii," indicating a subspecies of Bald Eagle (Haliaeetus Leucocephalus). </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Audubon called the Bald Eagle the "White Headed Eagle" because, as he said, "It is only necessary for me to add, that the name by which this bird is universally known in America is that of Bald Eagle, an erroneous nomination, as its head is as densely feathered as that of any other species, although its whiteness may have suggested the idea of its being bare." </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_QDom_IvttKpV9zOZr_UGMfgDjYbg5sO0doAO_D11GaJoPzUSfwgo8z5pdujK7b6NRVGfPEVM_-neJXFdj5sXZbBUiPTMtr0Avc2-92xVRQ1Cg2zZ1co6aqBT_PnTr3slGj0PlSU1MNfG/s1600/White-headed_Eagle_(Audubon).jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="267" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_QDom_IvttKpV9zOZr_UGMfgDjYbg5sO0doAO_D11GaJoPzUSfwgo8z5pdujK7b6NRVGfPEVM_-neJXFdj5sXZbBUiPTMtr0Avc2-92xVRQ1Cg2zZ1co6aqBT_PnTr3slGj0PlSU1MNfG/s1600/White-headed_Eagle_(Audubon).jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Audubon, like Franklin, disapproved of the choice of the Bald Eagle as the National Bird.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
In his account of the White Headed Eagle, he remarked </div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<div class="MsoNormal">
Suffer me, kind reader, to say how much I grieve that it should have been selected as the Emblem of my Country. The opinion of our great Franklin on this subject, as it perfectly coincides with my own, I shall here present to you. "For my part," says he, in one of his letters, "I wish the Bald Eagle had not been chosen as the representative of our country. He is a bird of bad moral character; he does not get his living honestly; you may have seen him perched on some dead tree, where, too lazy to fish for himself, he watches the labour of the Fishing-Hawk; and when that diligent bird has at length taken a fish, and is bearing it to his nest for the support of his mate and young ones, the Bald Eagle pursues him, and takes it from him. With all this injustice, he is never in good case, but, like those among men who live by sharping and robbing, he is generally poor, and often very lousy. Besides, he is a rank coward: the little King Bird, not bigger than a Sparrow, attacks him boldly, and drives him out of the district. He is, therefore, by no means a proper emblem for the brave and honest Cincinnati of America, who have driven all the King Birds from our country; though exactly fit for that order of knights which the French call Chevaliers d'Industrie."</div>
</blockquote>
But complications arise in considering Audubon's Washington Eagle to be an immature Bald Eagle. As described by Audubon, Washington's Eagle was enormous. He reported that his specimen had a wingspan of ten feet two inches. Large Bald Eagles have a wing span in the range 7 feet sometimes up to 8 feet. In the course of identifying Washington's Eagle with large Alaskan subspecies of Bald Eagle in 1931, Peters remarked that "Audubon’s type of <i>washingtoniensis</i> had a wing measurement of 32 inches; 4 inches longer than any Alaskan specimen measured by me if measured the same way.” Bald Eagles, like other birds and animals, do tend to be larger in the northern parts of their range (Bergman's Rule), but Audubon shot his extra large specimen in Henderson Kentucky! <a href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/4158202" target="_blank">Mengle</a> in 1955 says that "The logic of Peters’ reasoning is obvious, but vulnerable. If Audubon’s bird from Henderson was too large for a southern Bald Eagle, too large, in fact, for any known northern bird, it must have been a northern bird. But the question here is, how much too large? The picture evoked by a careful consideration of the original written description is downright unnerving."<br />
<br />
It would be tempting to hope that this giant eagle exists undiscovered somewhere in North America. But, in the end, I think we have to accept. <a href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/2447256" target="_blank">J. A. Allen</a>'s conclusion in 1890 that:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
It would be one of the strangest facts - in natural history that a bird like Audubon's Washington Eagle should remain undiscovered for more than fifty years, when its alleged habitat is within the settled parts of the United States. On the whole, it seems to me tolerably evident that this supposed species should be considered as based on a large example of <i>H.leucocephalus</i>, and that a "few grains of allowance" may be safely made for slight inaccuracies on the part of its enthusiastic discoverer.</blockquote>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvGC1dVotrkvfNClX_iqJ2yZk85zC8anflXKnhjGfwceyPC_Pf-4jYsPEPG8Bqj3dZrmBraUP8zo7rSpO2jBnM-eRRGCmJFGt7nOjyjvaBIc65KonY-RolrHx7-OpirLHTX-0Mghmj-zjB/s1600/P1240042-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1200" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvGC1dVotrkvfNClX_iqJ2yZk85zC8anflXKnhjGfwceyPC_Pf-4jYsPEPG8Bqj3dZrmBraUP8zo7rSpO2jBnM-eRRGCmJFGt7nOjyjvaBIc65KonY-RolrHx7-OpirLHTX-0Mghmj-zjB/s400/P1240042-1.jpg" width="300" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
========================================================</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
The Washington Eagle was featured in a magazine for young people, <u>Merry's Magazine</u>, in 1845:</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjSHbBGhr4-v-Ozs7wrqNx42Autfu2s0djsI5RYUorUUnbsz6rLZDgkkMgays8qjWpm67Hum2HC7oLbq6AI0E2EnrCU9S5zwt0gT-81qpjAvRiumlM073ZFdm3YXBkF6VIY-HapUbZ0JhEG/s1600/WashingtonEagle-2.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1288" data-original-width="1311" height="196" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjSHbBGhr4-v-Ozs7wrqNx42Autfu2s0djsI5RYUorUUnbsz6rLZDgkkMgays8qjWpm67Hum2HC7oLbq6AI0E2EnrCU9S5zwt0gT-81qpjAvRiumlM073ZFdm3YXBkF6VIY-HapUbZ0JhEG/s200/WashingtonEagle-2.jpg" width="200" /></a> <a href="http://landmarks.allenbrowne.info/Washington'sEagle/" target="_blank">The Washington Eagle, Merry's Magazine, April 1845.</a> </div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
========================================================</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
The History Guy discussed Washington's Sea Eagle on <span class="date style-scope ytd-video-secondary-info-renderer">July 10, 2017</span>:</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<iframe allowfullscreen="" class="YOUTUBE-iframe-video" data-thumbnail-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/koaaWJo9X0g/0.jpg" frameborder="0" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/koaaWJo9X0g?feature=player_embedded" width="320"></iframe></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;">========================================================</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">In 1997,<a href="http://landmarks.allenbrowne.info/Washington'sEagle/Partridge" target="_blank"> Linda Dugan Partridge</a> argued that the illustration for “Washington's Eagle” was cribbed from Rees's <u>Cylopædia</u>.</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">Mathew R. Halley casts Audubon's identification of this bird in an even harsher light in his June 22, 2020 article “<a href="https://doi.org/10.25226/bboc.v140i2.2020.a3" target="_blank">Audubon's Bird of Washington: Unravelling the Fraud that Launched <u>The Birds of America</u></a>” in the <u>Bulletin of the British Ornithologists’ Club</u>, 140(2):110-141 (2020). </div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;"> In a <a href="https://matthewhalley.wordpress.com/2020/06/16/the-literal-skeletons-in-the-closet-of-american-ornithology/" target="_blank">blog post</a> Halley further accuses Audubon of collecting the skulls of Mexican soldiers killed at the battle of San Jacinto in support of Dr. Samuel George Morton's attempt to classify races by cranial capacity. </div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">See also, Gabriel Foley, Jordan Rutter's August 4, 2020 <u>Washington Post</u> article “<a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2020/08/04/american-bird-names-colonialism-audubon/?arc404=true" target="_blank">The Stench of Colonialism Mars these Bird Names. They Must be Changed</a>.” Foley and Rutter argue that the names of certain birds should be changed because of the failings of their namesakes, including Audubon's Oriole and Audubon's Shearwater, Audubon's Warbler, etc. </div><div style="text-align: left;"> </div>
Allen Brownehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02871983840550191787noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2073838520097258789.post-65181545172766751612015-03-12T18:54:00.003-04:002024-01-15T10:07:19.473-05:00Wesley Breese<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhIxrRbRgKDkvM5EkYoYjBL4JS56868qT9JVQt9bfRif3SjkSqVStscgMTe_tvPzL6KvzHaoRnpQ-gIoB53ge2dINVx7597h2Lyu0QKSOOiE5tgmy2C7A83SP5YzgHNIrU71aErX2DqboAF/s1600/Combined-2.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhIxrRbRgKDkvM5EkYoYjBL4JS56868qT9JVQt9bfRif3SjkSqVStscgMTe_tvPzL6KvzHaoRnpQ-gIoB53ge2dINVx7597h2Lyu0QKSOOiE5tgmy2C7A83SP5YzgHNIrU71aErX2DqboAF/s1600/Combined-2.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<br />
New Yorker C. Wesley Breese left three monuments of his Civil War service. <br />
<br />
<a name='more'></a>Wesley Breese was 22 when he enlisted at Elmira, New York, in Company C of the 141st New York Infantry Regiment in August 1862 (his first name was Cornelius). He was promoted to sergeant in September of 1862, and while the 141st was stationed in defenses of Washington, he wrote his name above the altar in the historic Falls Church as did his comrades, John Jacobs, Luther Wright, and Horace Bovier. Wesley wrote his name twice and emphasized his rank. This desecration might have passed unnoticed had it not been caught on film. The<a href="http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2014645766/" target="_blank"> meta-data</a> on this Library of Congress photo says "Photograph shows the damaged altar piece and interior wall of the Falls Church in Falls Church, Va. The walls were repeatedly marred by graffiti, and bricks were removed."<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimoNE6JXEv_u2KskBVX2tiE_OzB3AHnPDJ4WeoHpmtVNOgP8zkWxVq_7Mm1oS0DMSwBieDP3M4kCPYt-BOAoqhay7RevBDpjSLjT5BXs-_ZbMG4VLU7aj4FbcDhEenfZO4pvSjWDcQk-Me/s1600/34834u-3.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="262" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimoNE6JXEv_u2KskBVX2tiE_OzB3AHnPDJ4WeoHpmtVNOgP8zkWxVq_7Mm1oS0DMSwBieDP3M4kCPYt-BOAoqhay7RevBDpjSLjT5BXs-_ZbMG4VLU7aj4FbcDhEenfZO4pvSjWDcQk-Me/s1600/34834u-3.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhEY_6qdcsQ_HAUclSJ46MIWoffXFJF5fu90yoSBiqOMsQ_9-y2BQmw63sXIjYcOEAA7FimQcLgh8vHI9rPo-nHNBnE_4MnDVq7SrOCf1rLV4MODeddlIm6pPmIJ5WkA6OsenqInVjqT1Aq/s1600/34834u-2.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="342" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhEY_6qdcsQ_HAUclSJ46MIWoffXFJF5fu90yoSBiqOMsQ_9-y2BQmw63sXIjYcOEAA7FimQcLgh8vHI9rPo-nHNBnE_4MnDVq7SrOCf1rLV4MODeddlIm6pPmIJ5WkA6OsenqInVjqT1Aq/s1600/34834u-2.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<br />
The old church was historic even then. This 1930 historical marker gives the background:<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjS83U9GUI3aBowEt_tZP_bMXq5Pi8AV6Pz-3pnl9H2Hc8YhhNG_3mznJxRB6FfF_Bfe0fliC7m69ZfIvynKLKkRKywY-VWgk5O9VnJrQs__OKjAaIJqVCD7qzxIBBiCmtDkEpWQD9zlx_P/s1600/IMG_6052-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="336" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjS83U9GUI3aBowEt_tZP_bMXq5Pi8AV6Pz-3pnl9H2Hc8YhhNG_3mznJxRB6FfF_Bfe0fliC7m69ZfIvynKLKkRKywY-VWgk5O9VnJrQs__OKjAaIJqVCD7qzxIBBiCmtDkEpWQD9zlx_P/s1600/IMG_6052-1.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span class="leadinghead"></span>The first church on this site was built
in 1734 and was in Truro Parish. George Washington was elected a
vestryman, October 3, 1763. In 1765 the church fell within the newly
created Fairfax Parish, of which Washington was chosen a vestryman. The
present church was built in 1768. It was used as a recruiting station in
the Revolution and as a stable by Union troops, 1862-65.</blockquote>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
This contemporary photo shows the old church surrounded by Union troops:<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwgAXAI3VwFmGMxrMz0O0Tx159R17daJNmEeXzSZcPxnp2R1BDpBYm8YFuif7TtXPgwTzXiwTTneZJkrusBoM3C1FgbupxJwGo_XWskS-V57Erz1tQIayAZbWSe3kmFv2wjulDNHFk7-uZ/s1600/IMG_6017-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="312" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwgAXAI3VwFmGMxrMz0O0Tx159R17daJNmEeXzSZcPxnp2R1BDpBYm8YFuif7TtXPgwTzXiwTTneZJkrusBoM3C1FgbupxJwGo_XWskS-V57Erz1tQIayAZbWSe3kmFv2wjulDNHFk7-uZ/s1600/IMG_6017-1.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">Benson J. Lossing observed the condition of <a href="http://landmarks.allenbrowne.info/FallsChurch/Lossing.htm" target="_blank">the Falls Church in 1865</a>.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
The next time Wesley appears in history is when he is admitted to the Stanton Hospital in Washington, DC, with what appeared to be typhoid fever and died there a few days later. This entry appears in <a href="#">The Medical and Surgical History of the War of the Rebellion</a> (1861-65) (Volume 1, Part 3). Six cases suggestive of the poison of typhoid fever.</div><blockquote class="tr_bq"><blockquote class="tr_bq"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><b>CASE 50</b>. Serg't C. W. Breese, Co. C, 141st N. Y.; age 30; was admitted July 29, 1863, having been taken sick about three weeks before with pneumonia of both lungs and diarrhoea. He was treated with stimulants and beef essence, turpentine stupes, opium, catechu and opiate enemata. He died August 2. Post-mortem examination: The lower lobe of each lung was hepatized and the glands of Peyer ulcerated. The other organs were healthy. -- Stanton Hospital, Washington, D. C. </div>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0q0vgXGu-YP9v9-2nMvmnpxtYnsErN1lSNlUnfmdbILHuSRsiCK8J8fPQ-s5H4gAjEPTFwQt564v9Ne6Qupb14l-6poCem4R3MnMKbqpGILWKFihEn7dJ9PWZwsEwsNMku7okGcrJ92w2/s1600/04312u-1.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="166" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0q0vgXGu-YP9v9-2nMvmnpxtYnsErN1lSNlUnfmdbILHuSRsiCK8J8fPQ-s5H4gAjEPTFwQt564v9Ne6Qupb14l-6poCem4R3MnMKbqpGILWKFihEn7dJ9PWZwsEwsNMku7okGcrJ92w2/s1600/04312u-1.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The Stanton Hospital</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
The Stanton Hospital was a conglomeration of wooden barracks adjacent to the brick buildings of the Douglas Hospital located between I & H Streets and between 2nd and 3rd Streets in Northwest Washington.</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgM0ugaT_pMwBrlXJ6Yf9IWzCr1SAoRMwphI3hz62h8xlDRy_uwmy214rwUDBIXYOPeI-UM1_cWbnMsVPe_4cN7Ne4G2zvkU8lvMKaheNEWj6Scf8lpA9RDsMKWQZA7c9X5-hW9SV9smp23/s1600/3g10796u-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="262" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgM0ugaT_pMwBrlXJ6Yf9IWzCr1SAoRMwphI3hz62h8xlDRy_uwmy214rwUDBIXYOPeI-UM1_cWbnMsVPe_4cN7Ne4G2zvkU8lvMKaheNEWj6Scf8lpA9RDsMKWQZA7c9X5-hW9SV9smp23/s1600/3g10796u-1.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
Wesley Breese's third and last monument is his headstone in Section H of the Soldier's Home Cemetery in Washington...</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjxbvscFqGXLzQUOH5JDZz4ZV44pO0EQXSlO0VP8CuyGpQwzw-hREKTkJnZO-6DNrsdrcklMwoqjLl6e7c2dqcEFvMCC91PSS5fVWOy3DUl-WrURHXVTAG9ormBAc7J4pmQ5Z6FqPTGKt1/s1600/IMG_6657-1.jpg"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjxbvscFqGXLzQUOH5JDZz4ZV44pO0EQXSlO0VP8CuyGpQwzw-hREKTkJnZO-6DNrsdrcklMwoqjLl6e7c2dqcEFvMCC91PSS5fVWOy3DUl-WrURHXVTAG9ormBAc7J4pmQ5Z6FqPTGKt1/s1600/IMG_6657-1.jpg" width="480" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="line-height: 115%;">4103 </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;">Wesley Breese</span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;">Sgt.</span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;">NY</span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
...where he took his place among the even more <a href="http://lincolncottage.files.wordpress.com/2009/01/cw-burials-spreadsheet.pdf" target="_blank">anonymous crowd of Union Dead</a>.</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmCMJwGSgEAeFEXIAEGiuMjW_HUz-nJn2LAtAzBFlAaWCclwPyix6gFCouzIxqTJA-QJZOmyHQD0MS-LxQyNknN2Zju42y0-c_9PfvSUqzPuS1UbC-nxOaGB1hD1tW0G0LBvYLsqaQyxjd/s1600/IMG_6672-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmCMJwGSgEAeFEXIAEGiuMjW_HUz-nJn2LAtAzBFlAaWCclwPyix6gFCouzIxqTJA-QJZOmyHQD0MS-LxQyNknN2Zju42y0-c_9PfvSUqzPuS1UbC-nxOaGB1hD1tW0G0LBvYLsqaQyxjd/s1600/IMG_6672-1.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
</div>
Allen Brownehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02871983840550191787noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2073838520097258789.post-62488883874068298632015-02-09T18:26:00.002-05:002023-06-03T22:32:07.489-04:00Margaret Toogood<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwYdZQpY4TEphyphenhypheny8S5JHJEJdJLSMzupp0UXDfSUuoesV-VcUhpzq_030WWj1G3a7BmEvadLRjin14FbB_A2Q8xryBCfw07YOs1VLj9rxYFezOC-TSM4ThxfiL7BtyvHzZv_bTFvqz6vhxG/s1600/P1010133-2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwYdZQpY4TEphyphenhypheny8S5JHJEJdJLSMzupp0UXDfSUuoesV-VcUhpzq_030WWj1G3a7BmEvadLRjin14FbB_A2Q8xryBCfw07YOs1VLj9rxYFezOC-TSM4ThxfiL7BtyvHzZv_bTFvqz6vhxG/s1600/P1010133-2.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;">The Last Slave in Maryland</span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
</div>
<a name='more'></a><br />
<div style="text-align: left;">
There are no pictures of Margaret "Maggy" Toogood, but the chain removed from her neck in 1864 survives. She is described as a handsome, "bright" mulatto girl of 19 years. The 87,000 slaves of Maryland, including Margaret, were legally freed on the first of November, 1864, after the <a href="http://landmarks.allenbrowne.info/MDEmancipation/Constitution.htm" target="_blank">Maryland Constitution of 1864</a> was ratified by a referendum of Marylanders, passing by only <a href="http://landmarks.allenbrowne.info/MDEmancipation/Counting.htm" target="_blank">375 votes</a>. <br />
<br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhWCv73uNsm4y9Bf8CyRB6ixNRmRp7DJP-4ZbJF9Q-uXZob66s9ut5npkuzygGWXq6yeutOpAG6MXnSOR2XTSnKMtqFrAmAWSID1b7k416T1LBdtCUwvYpUCqPetipzGY8exGtN8VGaRtLB/s1600/Article+24-1.jpg"><img border="0" height="83" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhWCv73uNsm4y9Bf8CyRB6ixNRmRp7DJP-4ZbJF9Q-uXZob66s9ut5npkuzygGWXq6yeutOpAG6MXnSOR2XTSnKMtqFrAmAWSID1b7k416T1LBdtCUwvYpUCqPetipzGY8exGtN8VGaRtLB/s1600/Article+24-1.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<b>Article 24</b><br />
<br />
That hereafter, in this State, there shall be neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except in punishment of crime, whereof the party shall have been duly convicted: and all persons held to service or labor as slaves are hereby declared free.</blockquote>
</blockquote>
This provision ended over 200 years of slavery in Maryland which had been recognized by law since 1663.<br />
<br />
Lew Wallace was instrumental in achieving this result. President Lincoln made it clear that he wished to see slavery abolished in Maryland. Major General Wallace was the Commander of the Middle Department including Delaware and Maryland east of the Monocacy. This political general used his office to tilt the board in the direction of passage of the new constitution. Lincoln <a href="http://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=lincoln;rgn=div1;view=text;idno=lincoln7;node=lincoln7%3A603" target="_blank">wrote to Secretary of War Stanton</a> on March 31, 1864:<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEijFPiOyIOKFV56vmqIgZf0yZ-QBG10BqN3fv7otDUdkRX5iIOJ3lGXuIBethcLu8EvtiX3HuDTdSF6QnFBjRoYmAA4L-u0TOVRpdd21fue5X16E3KD5pik0RcBT3nNHsj3Z7hb_9uRTipx/s1600/P1010141-1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEijFPiOyIOKFV56vmqIgZf0yZ-QBG10BqN3fv7otDUdkRX5iIOJ3lGXuIBethcLu8EvtiX3HuDTdSF6QnFBjRoYmAA4L-u0TOVRpdd21fue5X16E3KD5pik0RcBT3nNHsj3Z7hb_9uRTipx/s1600/P1010141-1.jpg" width="302" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">From an exhibit at Monocacy Battlefield</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
Executive Mansion, Washington, March 31, 1864. </blockquote>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
Hon. Sec. of War <br />
<br />
Gen. Wallace has been with me; and I think he is getting along with the matter we wished to see him for, very satisfactorily... I have told him to be fair, but to give the benefit of all doubts to the emancipationists. Please confer with him, and add any suggestion that may occur to you. <br />
<br />
Yours truly<br />
A. LINCOLN</blockquote>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
Once the new constitution was passed, the former slaves of Maryland found themselves free but penniless and homeless. As Wallace put it:</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
Directly that constitutional freedom in Maryland was proclaimed, the newly liberated, shaken off by many of their masters, and not knowing where to go or what else to do, toiled up in bewildered hundreds to Baltimore -- men, women, and children. Their presence on the streets made itself observed, and became a subject of complaint. The police stations filled with them, and presently the mayor invited me to help him; they were starving, and he had no funds with which to care for them. The situation, really extraordinary, called for prompt action, and I buckled to it heroically.</blockquote>
</blockquote>
General Wallace placed the freed slaves of Maryland under the protection of the Army in his department, the first Freedman's Bureau. He also established in Baltimore a shelter for homeless freedmen. He re-purposed the Clubhouse of a social club frequented by secessionist Marylanders.<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjeHik_BmsngPV5JrBWSp5SM1SHRGWyP6F_iYYV1_PAKXDBly52PV5Z1lR60z5KBK-S8oMXjnrHZsrMGCIf7zyYR8qwSYG_v7-pXdnxsh71Lpv0lHRQJeFvYal-Yslk0YlloGQ8-RSfWkRM/s1600/00934a-1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjeHik_BmsngPV5JrBWSp5SM1SHRGWyP6F_iYYV1_PAKXDBly52PV5Z1lR60z5KBK-S8oMXjnrHZsrMGCIf7zyYR8qwSYG_v7-pXdnxsh71Lpv0lHRQJeFvYal-Yslk0YlloGQ8-RSfWkRM/s1600/00934a-1.jpg" width="313" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Major General Lew Wallace</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
Margaret Toogood arrived at the Maryland Clubhouse after leaving her master in Anne Arundel County. Wallace tells it <a href="http://landmarks.allenbrowne.info/MDEmancipation/Wallace/" target="_blank">this way</a>:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
Among the recent chattels in the Baltimore Freedmen's Bureau, formerly the Maryland Club-house, converted, there was one from Anne Arundel County, a handsome mulatto girl not more than nineteen, named Maggy, or Margaret, Toogood. The owner -- I am sorry to have forgotten his name -- followed her to the city, and, to repossess himself, charged the poor creature with larceny; upon the strength of which he was allowed to carry her back to his plantation, ostensibly to hold her for prosecution. He then dismissed the legal proceeding; whereupon the girl was, to all intents, again his slave. To keep her securely, he went to a country blacksmith in the vicinity and got him to make a chain and fit it around her neck, secured permanently by a lock of peculiar construction, impossible of opening except by the key, its special complement.</blockquote>
</blockquote>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwIULVBXJYlvmL8OIKPMtUhUQnMIq2vQuAg7k5xMQXpumn_1hIvxJRxzAegtjh9xzX_sepm6-4xwB7zEWwBWBpU4-x9PHWVQYI_Ztlt60Q6g6kxRfmjzg2Fy1Z3CJkaeWGqfBEz9W5Lk_C/s1600/LastSlaveChain.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="185" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwIULVBXJYlvmL8OIKPMtUhUQnMIq2vQuAg7k5xMQXpumn_1hIvxJRxzAegtjh9xzX_sepm6-4xwB7zEWwBWBpU4-x9PHWVQYI_Ztlt60Q6g6kxRfmjzg2Fy1Z3CJkaeWGqfBEz9W5Lk_C/s1600/LastSlaveChain.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<br />
Susan Wallace, the General's wife, <a href="http://landmarks.allenbrowne.info/MDEmancipation/LastSlave/" target="_blank">described the chain</a>:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
It is a forbidding thing, fashioned of coarsest metal, wrought in the rudest manner. The rough iron is a portion of log chain, once used by oxen in dragging heavy weights, and is fastened by a lock prepared by some neighboring blacksmith. Examining the mechanism, we must admit it was a safe thing to trust in securing merchandise such as Margaret Toogood. The links are two inches in length, and its entire weight is between three and four pounds.</blockquote>
</blockquote>
Wallace heard about Margaret's re-enslavement and sent a troop of cavalry to bring her and her master to Baltimore. He describes the scene:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
It was in this way: I heard of the girl's condition, and sent some cavalry to bring her and her master to me. The scene when the two were produced in my headquarters equaled anything of the kind in <i>Uncle Tom's Cabin</i>; for it was an actuality beyond taint of fancy, an actuality of occurrence under my eyes, and, like all facts, above gainsaying. He throughout was defiant and ugly, and stood loud of tongue upon what he termed his legal rights.</blockquote>
</blockquote>
Benson Lossing <a href="http://landmarks.allenbrowne.info/MDEmancipation/Lossing" target="_blank">continues the story</a>, "Wallace ordered the girl to be brought to Baltimore, where,
in the office of the Provost-Marshal, the chain was removed, and<i> the last
bond-slave in Maryland</i> was set free."<br />
<br />
Wallace fined the man $500 to be held in trust for Margaret. When he refused, Wallace ordered "Take this person to the city jail until he has changed his mind." The former slave-master answered, "I will rot before I pay a dollar." In response, Wallace ordered him to be kept at hard labor. He paid-up two weeks later. <br />
<br />
After her second emancipation, Margaret Toogood disappears from history. But the chain that had been around her neck for four weeks became one of General Wallace's war souvenirs. The caption on this photo on display at the Monocacy Battlefield asks, "Can you find the slave chains?" Frankly, I can't.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhoAW-F40UYnrkx4LrB2VNjz_sjSTu5Zxbk9Uw5raXqMzcyGiV7XopkKMiK6cfKStXnsP7YSMvoMJseX36pTBreYsJsIfjrHbgebgshIPJibhIL9nDArcraVT-B_p630bJOXJQ1LSa3mc4L/s1600/P1010138-1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="280" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhoAW-F40UYnrkx4LrB2VNjz_sjSTu5Zxbk9Uw5raXqMzcyGiV7XopkKMiK6cfKStXnsP7YSMvoMJseX36pTBreYsJsIfjrHbgebgshIPJibhIL9nDArcraVT-B_p630bJOXJQ1LSa3mc4L/s1600/P1010138-1.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<br />
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:WordDocument>
<w:View>Normal</w:View>
<w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom>
<w:TrackMoves/>
<w:TrackFormatting/>
<w:PunctuationKerning/>
<w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/>
<w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>
<w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent>
<w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>
<w:DoNotPromoteQF/>
<w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther>
<w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian>
<w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript>
<w:Compatibility>
<w:BreakWrappedTables/>
<w:SnapToGridInCell/>
<w:WrapTextWithPunct/>
<w:UseAsianBreakRules/>
<w:DontGrowAutofit/>
<w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/>
<w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp/>
<w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables/>
<w:DontVertAlignInTxbx/>
<w:Word11KerningPairs/>
<w:CachedColBalance/>
</w:Compatibility>
<w:BrowserLevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel>
<m:mathPr>
<m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/>
<m:brkBin m:val="before"/>
<m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/>
<m:smallFrac m:val="off"/>
<m:dispDef/>
<m:lMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:rMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/>
<m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/>
<m:intLim m:val="subSup"/>
<m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/>
</m:mathPr></w:WordDocument>
</xml><![endif]-->Wallace went on to be the 11th Governor of New Mexico Territory, United States Minister to the Ottoman Empire, and the author of <a href="https://archive.org/stream/benhur00wallgoog#page/n3/mode/1up" target="_blank"><i>Ben Hur</i></a>. In a 1892 article in <i>The Arena</i> entitled "<a href="http://landmarks.allenbrowne.info/MDEmancipation/LastSlave/" target="_blank">The Chain of the Last Slave</a>," Susan Wallace wrote that "I have chosen to hang it beside a victorious banner, furled, a rusty cavalry sword, and near a medallion portrait of President Lincoln." When she died, she donated the chain to Oberlin College who in turn lent it to the Lew Wallace Study and Museum in Crawford, Indiana. Magaret Toogood's slave-chain is currently on loan to the Monocacy Battlefield and can be seen in the museum there. <br />
<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj5h_hKbGk1CCMnHPR7hwo4Ae57uwTidyrPPwnvcqhIS2UysQNB_r6i-PGEMSrEAsG0pbb65f2CzSBuPA0M-wsoMDIlBW9UzIIr9cXK1QvHcDtwxxQnE6fXZRhFvdC3tgP_cxj2LkQRx9Ei/s1600/P1010145-1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj5h_hKbGk1CCMnHPR7hwo4Ae57uwTidyrPPwnvcqhIS2UysQNB_r6i-PGEMSrEAsG0pbb65f2CzSBuPA0M-wsoMDIlBW9UzIIr9cXK1QvHcDtwxxQnE6fXZRhFvdC3tgP_cxj2LkQRx9Ei/s1600/P1010145-1.jpg" width="370" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</div>
<!-- Blogger automated replacement: "https://images-blogger-opensocial.googleusercontent.com/gadgets/proxy?url=http%3A%2F%2F1.bp.blogspot.com%2F-QqtZDaktDR0%2FVNj9r6qwWEI%2FAAAAAAAAG08%2FUgP1F38lpG8%2Fs1600%2FArticle%252B24-1.jpg&container=blogger&gadget=a&rewriteMime=image%2F*" with "https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhWCv73uNsm4y9Bf8CyRB6ixNRmRp7DJP-4ZbJF9Q-uXZob66s9ut5npkuzygGWXq6yeutOpAG6MXnSOR2XTSnKMtqFrAmAWSID1b7k416T1LBdtCUwvYpUCqPetipzGY8exGtN8VGaRtLB/s1600/Article+24-1.jpg" -->Allen Brownehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02871983840550191787noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2073838520097258789.post-17313429258819243412014-09-10T06:36:00.008-04:002023-09-05T18:19:15.347-04:00Ishmael Day<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhXo-l2DL5mGT1bkLwaoxYVkyOcTgB6S_AzziQ_ocoN_s_Q9sAlKq126R3f2Usf-LuDxqy6JmYAfN2ZvHpY8pdtpVtPsB4f8-ulJLfk0YW33GnCKt4JQtGVjP0adA9Zt6IpY6ASV8XUW40i/s1600/IshmaelDay-1.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhXo-l2DL5mGT1bkLwaoxYVkyOcTgB6S_AzziQ_ocoN_s_Q9sAlKq126R3f2Usf-LuDxqy6JmYAfN2ZvHpY8pdtpVtPsB4f8-ulJLfk0YW33GnCKt4JQtGVjP0adA9Zt6IpY6ASV8XUW40i/s1600/IshmaelDay-1.jpg" width="380" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">From <a href="https://archive.org/stream/betweenlinessecr00insmit#page/n158/mode/1up" target="_blank"><u>Between The Lines</u></a> by H.B. Smith, 1911</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<b>Barbara Fritchie with a Shotgun</b>: Like fellow elderly Marylander Barbara Fritchie, Ishmael Day became famous for defending the flag from rebel invaders during the Civil War. But Day differs from Fritchie in several respects. Barbara Fritchie probably didn't do what she is famous for doing, and Day used a shotgun. Day was also a veteran of the War of 1812. <br />
<a name='more'></a><br />
Along Sunshine Road just east of the tiny town of Fork in Baltimore County, Maryland, we find this 1934 road-side marker pointing to Ishmael Day's house and briefly telling his story.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9O4tqRqPyJZg6ytMTRnI6GkSOavX6Arw1eZovDWpyfdaogp62QKzW7FEVVAdNp390pqUc-lUKpEMaiqeFjd1RD9KthqokdbFxPgiYb7Lrsdb_3ddZrAkeSai6sG4CR4gL0Gn3J3x7_Fao/s1600/P2580732-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9O4tqRqPyJZg6ytMTRnI6GkSOavX6Arw1eZovDWpyfdaogp62QKzW7FEVVAdNp390pqUc-lUKpEMaiqeFjd1RD9KthqokdbFxPgiYb7Lrsdb_3ddZrAkeSai6sG4CR4gL0Gn3J3x7_Fao/s1600/P2580732-1.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
When one of Harry Gilmor’s Confederate Cavalrymen (on July 11, 1864)
pulled down his Union Flag, Day shot him and then escaped to the woods.
They burned his house and barn.</blockquote>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
The last remnants of Day's house were destroyed in March of 1984. The arrow on the marker points to a distant cornfield:<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGcxyQabyDcB5jxSRl1Uly0zr2lEfk2wTbQQXlWRn1fwoP4UddREhdl6pob8yAQlgGWU_u_7wLa3WJ2t9Vx3eX7QfsDot9KllyRB92XLxEwJiZ82NLBcTFa6z5tRmaHJdIKuP2saZ8rsEJ/s1600/P2580734-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGcxyQabyDcB5jxSRl1Uly0zr2lEfk2wTbQQXlWRn1fwoP4UddREhdl6pob8yAQlgGWU_u_7wLa3WJ2t9Vx3eX7QfsDot9KllyRB92XLxEwJiZ82NLBcTFa6z5tRmaHJdIKuP2saZ8rsEJ/s1600/P2580734-1.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<br />In 1953 <a href="https://www.proquest.com/docview/541736536" target="_blank">The Baltimore Sun</a> carried this photo of Ishmael Day's house, getting the date wrong.<div><br /></div><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgdMccBQOW5_gS0ZxxH2hOdZgeYrTXYTStNKtGYRUmjxAVahQ9V7bk14lvrstQRn4vu0X4eFUS1t5Vx7GLUjzzgDPymFnB0W1P9jYNWlrH0nDmGJMa-EQI4RYzt6ynEA8vkh__kj6oGprxAXySbjeIXHJaHJwugCyH5ii7qZweNI_ZgmfKGImM4E-OdUg/s2482/IshmaelDayHouse.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2012" data-original-width="2482" height="324" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgdMccBQOW5_gS0ZxxH2hOdZgeYrTXYTStNKtGYRUmjxAVahQ9V7bk14lvrstQRn4vu0X4eFUS1t5Vx7GLUjzzgDPymFnB0W1P9jYNWlrH0nDmGJMa-EQI4RYzt6ynEA8vkh__kj6oGprxAXySbjeIXHJaHJwugCyH5ii7qZweNI_ZgmfKGImM4E-OdUg/w400-h324/IshmaelDayHouse.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><blockquote><blockquote> The home of Ishmael Day was the scene of a dramatic incident during a Gilmor raid on Baltimore county in <strike>January</strike> [July] of 1864. The historic house is still standing on what is now Sunshine avenue in Kingsville. It is at present the residence of W. J. Neff.</blockquote></blockquote><div>On July 10, 1864, Confederate General Jubal Early won the battle of Monocacy, the only major Confederate victory on northern soil. As the battle drew to a close, Marylanders <a href="http://landmarks.allenbrowne.info/IshmaelDay/Johnson.htm" target="_blank">General Bradley Johnson</a> and <a href="http://landmarks.allenbrowne.info/IshmaelDay/Gilmor.htm" target="_blank">Major Harry Gilmor</a> took their Maryland Confederate cavalry on a raid through Baltimore and Harford Counties. Late on the 10th, Gilmor's men were falling asleep in their saddles. Gilmor himself fell asleep and missed the turn he had intended to make toward the Gunpowder River. He was awakened by a barking dog and decided to camp for the night at Joshua Price's Farm. Some of Gilmor's men camped that night at an old stagecoach stop at Old Joppa and Mountain Roads.</div><div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9QM5xis1xo5LaXM8wj1Y_LYt5E2UyhHTNpTxLTFlJ1gM0sCzF6jC-BuFJtWMd3QUdeszBAUO1e_qZE9s0l_j6lGdCWV8zyORx8q7nJ8po8ljs8xDpExF1kAjsFBHgB_GjQ5N-E0vOYl-d/s1600/P2580641-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9QM5xis1xo5LaXM8wj1Y_LYt5E2UyhHTNpTxLTFlJ1gM0sCzF6jC-BuFJtWMd3QUdeszBAUO1e_qZE9s0l_j6lGdCWV8zyORx8q7nJ8po8ljs8xDpExF1kAjsFBHgB_GjQ5N-E0vOYl-d/s1600/P2580641-1.jpg" width="340" /></a></div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span class="leadinghead"> </span>On July 10, 1864, Major Harry Gilmor’s
Confederate cavalry camped in this building (an old stage coach
headquarters) on his way to burn the Pennsylvania R. R. bridge across
the Gunpowder, where he captured General W. B. Franklin.</blockquote>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGsw8uN-GHafiu_frEnScbQjRKEdfU651_hTmqvahv4uKjPBknxQ53hUuRU1dNUmf6BrUqZA8T8Dhtop6h0eryHgGBNQzgI1qV3Mczm9BcZXbwJ6BSf7kwOFIaKpNdaucDgO67x-aWBWXk/s1600/P2580692-1.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGsw8uN-GHafiu_frEnScbQjRKEdfU651_hTmqvahv4uKjPBknxQ53hUuRU1dNUmf6BrUqZA8T8Dhtop6h0eryHgGBNQzgI1qV3Mczm9BcZXbwJ6BSf7kwOFIaKpNdaucDgO67x-aWBWXk/s1600/P2580692-1.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The Old Stagecoach Stop, Old Joppa and Mountain Roads</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
On the morning of the 11th, as Early's army was approaching Washington while most of Gilmor's troops were headed for <a href="http://landmarks.allenbrowne.info/IshmaelDay/Magnolia.htm" target="_blank">Magnolia Station</a>, Gilmor lead a detachment to cut telegraph lines on the Harford turnpike. The advanced guard of this detachment found 73-year-old Ishmael Day in front of his house where his flag flew near the front gate. They ordered Day to lower his flag. Day refused and reportedly said, "Gentlemen, you may take my horses and my cattle, or burn my house to the ground, but I will shoot any man that touches that flag." Day retired into his house. While <a href="https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/19981783/eugene-william-field" target="_blank">ordinance sergeant Eugene Field</a> fumbled with the flag's halliards, Day appeared in the second-story window with his duck gun and shot Sergeant Field. This somewhat fanciful depiction of the event by Armand Welcker appeared in D. M. Kelly's 1883 book, <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=iccNAQAAMAAJ&dq=Deeds%20of%20Daring%20by%20both%20Blue%20and%20Grey%20D.%20M.%20Kelsey&pg=PA429#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank"><u>Deeds of Daring by both Blue and Gray</u></a>.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjxHc5wJWlkhhde7vruAWO7vBDiUIHHWMK3S3GC_OcTFzz3LyMmpEuqZXLXrTx1YmdGLjjYIurcOxVRnR5vNzohUwK82COTTWn6XClHyZRAkXID-qFQHPJGu_LxEfLWmx-qPABQJEF9o5iX/s1600/Day+Shoots+Field.jpg"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjxHc5wJWlkhhde7vruAWO7vBDiUIHHWMK3S3GC_OcTFzz3LyMmpEuqZXLXrTx1YmdGLjjYIurcOxVRnR5vNzohUwK82COTTWn6XClHyZRAkXID-qFQHPJGu_LxEfLWmx-qPABQJEF9o5iX/s1600/Day+Shoots+Field.jpg" width="436" /> </a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
An Obstinate Unionist</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
When Gilmor rode up, he found Field dying but still conscious. Field was taken to a nearby hotel to seek medical help but died later in a Baltimore hotel. Local legend has it that Field was at first taken to Dampman's Hotel on the southwest corner of Harford Road and Sunshine Road in Fork. Today the old frame hotel building houses the Fork Post Office, a Veterinary Clinic and a Hair Salon.</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwfzYDUL1PIHJ2iap9_ieuqbi6uE9iMhyRfIzoBJ37j-Dp4VQL-_4tXQ-EpDY-OoSlAHNbkLGi-xdzOHvFvZa2aDKySJM1mxSPTJCCq7XhWS1FT9F2SP6C2oApo2d4sv7kWNec5w1A92PZ/s1600/IMG_5805-1.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="327" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwfzYDUL1PIHJ2iap9_ieuqbi6uE9iMhyRfIzoBJ37j-Dp4VQL-_4tXQ-EpDY-OoSlAHNbkLGi-xdzOHvFvZa2aDKySJM1mxSPTJCCq7XhWS1FT9F2SP6C2oApo2d4sv7kWNec5w1A92PZ/s1600/IMG_5805-1.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Dampman's Hotel in Fork</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
Day escaped into his orchard and hid under a cider-press while Gilmor's men burned his house and barn. His wife, <a href="http://landmarks.allenbrowne.info/IshmaelDay/AnnDay.htm" target="_blank">Ann</a>, is said to have been present when the house was destroyed.<br />
<br />
Day's exploit became nationally known almost immediately. <u><a href="http://landmarks.allenbrowne.info/IshmaelDay/Sun.htm" target="_blank">The Baltimore Sun</a></u> told the story on the 12th of July. On July 13th, the <u>Baltimore American</u> ran a story headlined "Ishmael Day, the Old Loyalist who Shot a Rebel" which was reprinted in the <u><a href="http://landmarks.allenbrowne.info/IshmaelDay/NYT.htm" target="_blank">New York Times</a></u> on July 17th. A few days later, the <a href="http://landmarks.allenbrowne.info/MDEmancipation/Constitution.htm" target="_blank">Maryland Constitutional Convention</a> meeting at Annapolis — which would later in 1864 abolish slavery in Maryland — passed a resolution in praise of Ishmael Day (<a href="https://nyti.ms/3IRsng4" target="_blank">NYT July 24, 1864</a>):<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
Thursday July 19, 1864</blockquote>
<blockquote>
Ordered, That the thanks of this Convention (representing as it does the people of Maryland) are hereby tendered to the old citizen and patriot of Baltimore county, Ishmael Day, for the heroic and gallant act in shooting down the traitor who dared to pull down the Country's Flag, which he had raised as an evidence of his loyalty and patriotism, which act of daring heroism meets the approbation of the heart and conscience every loyal citizen of Maryland.</blockquote>
</blockquote>
Day had freed his own slave Eliza in 1846, writing in the manumission document that he was doing so because he was living "under a Republican Government & believing as I most sincerely do that all the Human Race without respect to sex or Coulour should & ought to be free."<br />
<br />
In August 1864, General William H. Hayward published <u>Camp Songs for Soldiers and Poems of Leisure Moments,</u> the first poem in which is "<a href="http://landmarks.allenbrowne.info/IshmaelDay/Hayward.htm" target="_blank">The Patriot Ishmael Day;</a>" and in February of 1865, <i>Harper's Magazine</i> carried a poem by Elizabeth Akers Allen entitled "<a href="http://landmarks.allenbrowne.info/IshmaelDay/Allen.htm" target="_blank">The Ballad of Ishmael Day.</a>" <br />
<br />
<b>An Old Defender</b><br />
<br />
But the 1864 incident was not Ishmael Day's first fight against hostile invaders of Maryland. Fifty years earlier, Day had fought against Wellington's Invincibles at the Battle of North Point. On <a href="http://landmarks.allenbrowne.info/IshmaelDay/DefendersDay.htm" target="_blank">Defenders' Day 1864</a>, a month after shooting Sergeant Fields, Ishmael Day attended a commemoration of the September 1814 battle. He delivered the following toast at the Smedley Hotel in Towsontown.<br />
<blockquote>
"To the President of the United States — A true patriot and friend to all the human race, he has but one fault, he shows too much mercy to the Rebels." </blockquote>
Ishmael Day served twice during the War of 1812. He had been a private in Captain W. Hitchcock's company of Maryland Militia at the beginning of the war, serving between August of 1812 and January of 1813. Later, during the Battle of North Point, he was a Lieutenant in Captain Henry Fowler's company of Maryland Militia (Major Beale Randall's 2nd Maryland Rifle Battalion) from August 26, 1814, to October 13, 1814.<br />
<br />
Ishmael Day later became Inspector of Customs in Baltimore and died in 1873. He was buried in the Cemetery at <a href="http://landmarks.allenbrowne.info/IshmaelDay/ForkUM.htm" target="_blank">Fork Methodist Church</a>.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvlBH5oP-6vLZUBDBwZN9okEE4NJmMwWbcMe5DgeoefNYrmBiF8PWoRLxYx59YfIvAbpGm0pQkTUgo7FzlCuX8in-MKYFapoBI_BmQCQGTFx1ZPKGk-0Yes2Bcn0lCO3wmBVZ16dtHVPtg/s1600/IMG_5697-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvlBH5oP-6vLZUBDBwZN9okEE4NJmMwWbcMe5DgeoefNYrmBiF8PWoRLxYx59YfIvAbpGm0pQkTUgo7FzlCuX8in-MKYFapoBI_BmQCQGTFx1ZPKGk-0Yes2Bcn0lCO3wmBVZ16dtHVPtg/s1600/IMG_5697-1.jpg" width="480" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
To Memory of</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b>Ishmael Day</b>,</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
Born March 20, 1792</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
Died Dec'r 27, 1873</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
In His 82nd Year</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
He was a Defender </div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
of the War of 1812</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
An Honest Man </div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
Is the Noblest Work of God</div>
</div></div>Allen Brownehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02871983840550191787noreply@blogger.com97002 Sunshine Avenue, Kingsville, MD 21087, USA39.462693 -76.42681879999997813.940658500000001 -117.73541279999998 64.9847275 -35.118224799999979tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2073838520097258789.post-66293493335658365222014-06-14T17:50:00.002-04:002023-04-28T09:22:32.700-04:00A Civil War Love Story<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>She was a Confederate Heroine, He was a Union Officer; </b></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img border="0" height="312" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgXy4Bn4CfmvOgBMM07HRFxunWDdmws9HI5HD3ns96GqZG1hfW4cGy3hQNRosHCxG5adg64w63S6ENolioAY7HSyNPaeMQra9ik61URZIod8spi92kJXspMduD1DAQVfamXE4IQMtdolDap/s400/P2410983-1.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="400" /></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Ford Building, 3977 Chain Bridge Road, Fairfax</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: large;"> Together They Found a Separate Peace. </span></b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<a name='more'></a><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEisZjofHcBl22Urt2tdkCZwoq2ES_2mLH7ecr_QBGEWF0EqmNtDeDpfrM8dnjyBd205j8l55S6P8xnw3vsTL03xL-J0GbzsBJIh5tXE5jzeQUKoCdsIAzTCEOyi7XKnJKv_KEVcfB1ILdB2/s1600/P2410845-1.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="197" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEisZjofHcBl22Urt2tdkCZwoq2ES_2mLH7ecr_QBGEWF0EqmNtDeDpfrM8dnjyBd205j8l55S6P8xnw3vsTL03xL-J0GbzsBJIh5tXE5jzeQUKoCdsIAzTCEOyi7XKnJKv_KEVcfB1ILdB2/s1600/P2410845-1.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Home of Antonia Ford, Confederate Heroine</td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"></td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
When the Civil War broke out in 1861, Antonia Ford was the very attractive, well-educated, 23-year-old daughter of wealthy merchant and ardent secessionist, Edward Rudolph Ford. Fairfax was soon overrun by Union forces. In June, John Q. Marr became the first Confederate officer killed in the war in the Battle of Fairfax Courthouse, a cavalry skirmish that took place not far from the Fords' house on Main Street.<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEit7KMAEWksTRnY5-EPqNsTX_6yo4w-qrMyKJ2Rv8htZEIMbeoIS2JQna7sGP_n6g55LTT2ss2jcvZcy7Hg7722n6bnFA7JQrDdOAjVclX4iYdORgPye-aZFjZkwJ-ORQ5uGXREwauw4w46/s1600/Photo-1.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEit7KMAEWksTRnY5-EPqNsTX_6yo4w-qrMyKJ2Rv8htZEIMbeoIS2JQna7sGP_n6g55LTT2ss2jcvZcy7Hg7722n6bnFA7JQrDdOAjVclX4iYdORgPye-aZFjZkwJ-ORQ5uGXREwauw4w46/s1600/Photo-1.jpg" width="342" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Antonia Ford</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
Eppa Hunton described Antonia as a "stout Rebel" who "was so much admired by the Yankee officers and had so much influence over at least one of them, that she obtained their military secrets -- learned their plans and when they meant to attack Beauregard at Manassas. She made her way through the lines and met General J. E. B. Stuart with his gallant cavalry, and disclosed to that valiant soldier the Yankee plans." In October of 1861, Stuart gave Antonia this "Commission," jocularly appointing her an Honorary Aide-de-Camp. <br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgLCMIkHbjajQaqhhI2PUEc7HUo64k0xyJ7AhwjuYlK2Gr2_SWZZ7crTvB6g5pfQg-AkuTFmFwOMw6p4NrtFIev3Zwnln2qD5o884TW5dhwNGLHlrwjwweBw_VjVvV_12HvfuAtoonR3mk4/s1600/Commission-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgLCMIkHbjajQaqhhI2PUEc7HUo64k0xyJ7AhwjuYlK2Gr2_SWZZ7crTvB6g5pfQg-AkuTFmFwOMw6p4NrtFIev3Zwnln2qD5o884TW5dhwNGLHlrwjwweBw_VjVvV_12HvfuAtoonR3mk4/s1600/Commission-1.jpg" width="392" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN:<br />
<br />
Know ye: </blockquote>
</blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
That reposing Special Confidence in the Patriotism, fidelity and ability of Miss Antonia Ford, I, James E.B. Stuart, by virtue of the power vested in me, as Brigadier General in the Provisional Army of the Confederate States of America, do hereby appoint and commission her my<u> Honorary aide-de-camp</u>, to rank as such from this date.</blockquote>
</blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<br />
She will be obeyed, respected and admired by all lovers of a noble nature.<br />
<br />
Given under my hand and seal at the headquarters, Cavalry Brigade, at Camp Beverly, this seventh day of October, A.D., 1861, and the first year of our Independence.<br />
<br />
James E.B. Stuart <br />
Brigadier General, C.S.A</blockquote>
</blockquote>
<br />
Later, in April of 1863, Harper's published this cartoon lampooning Stuart's gallant gesture:<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh5Mh9WBVWntJkfUC79PIux0HerwcsYJjtpM_Or0gR7EdRtXhK4lzp-4CCs3nPfuF690Cgpzt3uowGBfJexcytfhxeyArKO5I2oXmrO_nyc66EoFiqYVv9luZIzSYbT7JG8r6cU_vQ9QLsc/s1600/3c00253u-1.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh5Mh9WBVWntJkfUC79PIux0HerwcsYJjtpM_Or0gR7EdRtXhK4lzp-4CCs3nPfuF690Cgpzt3uowGBfJexcytfhxeyArKO5I2oXmrO_nyc66EoFiqYVv9luZIzSYbT7JG8r6cU_vQ9QLsc/s1600/3c00253u-1.jpg" width="365" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">General Stuart's New Aid</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
"The rebel cavalry leader, Stuart, has appointed to a position on his staff, with the rank of Major, a young lady residing at Fairfax Court House, who has been of great service to him in giving information," etc. -- Daily Paper.</blockquote>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
Twenty-four-year-old Union Brigadier General Stoughton may have become one of those Union officers who fell under the influence of Antonia. After attending a party at the Ford house, he was captured by John S. Mosby as he slept in a nearby house. Legend has it that Stoughton asked as he was rudely awakened, "Do you know who I am?" Mosby replied, "Do you know Mosby, General?" "Yes!" exclaimed Stoughton, "Have you got the rascal?" "No, but he's got you!" came the reply. This was the first of Mosby's daring exploits. The <i>New York Times</i> (March 11, 1863) reported that when Lincoln heard Stoughton had been captured along with 32 men and 58 horses, he quipped, "I can make a much better brigadier in five minutes, but the horses cost $125 apiece."<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOtd17gGI5df7wHOihurvB-9mcxlEmSAJefzy-HC4O6eCSw6fq5kBFYkBlorae8cRNUA9fnEotXYPJsCdcg5h_ix7FBceqhdHx9cYl9iJ5sw6SXOqMQD1cjNkMzH7GOZ8hnRJDuM6a_NsB/s1600/P2410832-1.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOtd17gGI5df7wHOihurvB-9mcxlEmSAJefzy-HC4O6eCSw6fq5kBFYkBlorae8cRNUA9fnEotXYPJsCdcg5h_ix7FBceqhdHx9cYl9iJ5sw6SXOqMQD1cjNkMzH7GOZ8hnRJDuM6a_NsB/s1600/P2410832-1.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Ford Building, Built c. 1835</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
This was the home of Antonia Ford, imprisoned as a spy following Ranger Mosby's night capture of the local Union commander, Brig. Gen. Edwin H. Stoughton, March 9, 1863. A search of the house had revealed an honorary aide-de-camp commission to Antonia from Gen. Jeb Stuart.</div>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
<br />
Rumors spread that Antonia had had a hand in Stoughton's capture. Lafayette Baker sent a female agent, Frankie Abel, to visit Antonia. Posing as a fellow rebel, Ms. Abel borrowed some of Antonia's clothes and slept in her bed. Antonia showed her the "Commission" from Stuart that she kept under her mattress. Baker immediately had Antonia arrested and held in the Old Capital Prison. When no credible evidence of espionage could be produced, Antonia was released on a promise to take the Oath of Allegiance. She was later re-arrested for failing to take the oath. This time she was escorted to prison by 41-year-old Joseph C. Willard, a Vermont Major on Irwin McDowell's Staff. <br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjmrqUL7IwAUoR1jlkrkcclOd8N0V6sqdcEpVOyBJG0v7IdzYtfNYXKrRFdEzSp6zKwdQq0883NVOCO7TQ3mIkayEXXjlgU0THT_uLi5ShXQw2uSd61giSq38KaRgJNdGx3Eb45-apZOSKD/s1600/JC-Willard-04990u-e1342017310450.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjmrqUL7IwAUoR1jlkrkcclOd8N0V6sqdcEpVOyBJG0v7IdzYtfNYXKrRFdEzSp6zKwdQq0883NVOCO7TQ3mIkayEXXjlgU0THT_uLi5ShXQw2uSd61giSq38KaRgJNdGx3Eb45-apZOSKD/s1600/JC-Willard-04990u-e1342017310450.jpg" width="323" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Major Joseph Clapp Willard</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
Joseph, along with his brother Henry, were owners of the Willard Hotel in Washington. Joseph Willard had himself transferred to Washington where he worked assiduously to have Antonia freed. Willard personally administered the Oath of Allegiance on her second release. General Heintzelman's order read:<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
Headquarters, Dept. of Washington<br />
September 16, 1863<br />
<br />
Major Willard, ADC, will administer in accordance with instructions from the Secretary of War the oath of allegiance to Miss Antonia Ford who will afterwards a proper time be transferred to her home at Fairfax Courthouse, receiving a written authority to remain at that place with her family.<br />
By Command of Major General Heintzelman (<i>Signed by J. H. Taylor, Chief of Staff, AAG</i>)</blockquote>
</blockquote>
The result was this pass, signed by Joseph Willard, allowing Antonia to return to her home.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4Is3eS_rwv4UKUcssTUQbOmpn2GvZuhzQlyVwChRff2hDuGvSyo-1CVAaKcrsynB7gw3I_kqDb-EdBM5dY-TbboUzje_2Fvhz1mD9E3gsePioJt1A4ihgfmEN5wQsqJ6RHc8GKAYZjs5_/s1600/Pass.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="250" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4Is3eS_rwv4UKUcssTUQbOmpn2GvZuhzQlyVwChRff2hDuGvSyo-1CVAaKcrsynB7gw3I_kqDb-EdBM5dY-TbboUzje_2Fvhz1mD9E3gsePioJt1A4ihgfmEN5wQsqJ6RHc8GKAYZjs5_/s1600/Pass.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
Headquarters Department of Washington<br />
Washington September 19th 1863<br />
Pass: Miss Antonia Ford from Fairfax C. house to Alexandria, and Washington and return for family business when necessary and not detrimental to the Service.<br />
This Pass will to continue until otherwise ordered by this Department.<br />
By Command of Major General Heinzelman:<br />
J. C. Willard, Major<br />
Teams to be examined by Pickets for contraband goods<br />
Note -- This Pass will be taken by the Guard. at its expiration, and returned to Headquarters.</blockquote>
Antonia was soon writing letters to him addressed "My Dear Major" discussing marriage and vowing to "Love you as long as I live." Joseph proposed a "secret marriage" which Antonia refused.<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
"You know I love you but I can never consent to a private marriage. My parents and relatives would be mortified and distressed to death; acquaintances would disown me; it would be illegal; and above all it would be wrong. I cannot claim to be a Christian (unfortunately) but I have a conscience, and am governed by it. I dislike to say 'no' to one so dear, but there is no alternative in this case. I will grant any request which is right and proper, and would make you the happiest man in the world if I could without compromising myself. ... I [will not] place a barrier between myself and all friends. It would be wrong for you as well as for me. Neither of us could be happy, for the curse of God would cast upon us." -- quoted in <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=cYlcod96lBcC&lpg=PA179&ots=HisKaudR6m&dq=with%20Major%20Joseph%20Clapp%20Willard%2C&pg=PA191#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank">Winkler, <u>No Sacrifice Too Great</u>, 2010</a></blockquote>
Two impediments stood in the way of their marriage, his commission in the Union Army and his wife Caroline. Willard intended to divorce Caroline whom he had married in 1849 by charging her with lunacy, but she filed against him in February of 1864 on grounds of adultery. She alleged that Joseph had relations with women "of damaged reputations" at the Willard Hotel. Her slave Cecilia testified that Joseph carried on an affair with a woman named Caroline Rosekrans in the Willards' own home. Joseph resigned his commission on March 1, 1864. The divorce was granted on March 2, 1864. Antonia Ford and Joseph Willard were married at the Metropolitan Hotel in Washington on the 10th of March. When asked by a friend how she could marry a Yankee, she replied, "I knew I could not revenge myself on the nation, but I was fully capable of tormenting one Yankee to death, so I took the Major."<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhyQBn4ab4vt3zldJOU5qgCAcFXQyNZz4_Q5dtctKp8wC7-B-jBl-Amlok1Cgm5hcb6vusRG6ABtWzc4fYVCxbocC1hgmBphyolhaHA8bIVJ_l5qT4nLCWKksvPhCIge6biIa5524KDqPY3/s1600/cw0094_01_enlarge.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhyQBn4ab4vt3zldJOU5qgCAcFXQyNZz4_Q5dtctKp8wC7-B-jBl-Amlok1Cgm5hcb6vusRG6ABtWzc4fYVCxbocC1hgmBphyolhaHA8bIVJ_l5qT4nLCWKksvPhCIge6biIa5524KDqPY3/s1600/cw0094_01_enlarge.jpg" width="317" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Antonia Ford Willard</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
Their first son, Joseph Edward Willard, was born May 1, 1865. J. E. Willard became a member of the Virginia House of Delegates, served as a captain in the Third Virginia Regiment under former Confederate general Fitz Hugh Lee in the Spanish American War, and was Ambassador to Spain. His daughter, Belle Wyatt Willard, married Kermit Roosevelt in 1914.<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhTBg98DjyB_2CDziYB0wsUB_opcuqsbIyrQOtr_4-VWbQO6oGF5PfjyTC1qfaMXLHarChl7y4fijL_X_Pjx-4Jr3zVvyNVgK0zfiBJWrRMIww3gBSFxiJbaDtRn8FHPhBQL9r989gZq5A_/s1600/JEWillard-1.tif" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhTBg98DjyB_2CDziYB0wsUB_opcuqsbIyrQOtr_4-VWbQO6oGF5PfjyTC1qfaMXLHarChl7y4fijL_X_Pjx-4Jr3zVvyNVgK0zfiBJWrRMIww3gBSFxiJbaDtRn8FHPhBQL9r989gZq5A_/s1600/JEWillard-1.tif" width="176" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Joseph Edward Willard</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<br />
Their second son died in infancy in 1867 and Antonia died soon after giving birth to their third son Archie on February 9, 1871. Archie died on the 9th, Antonia died 6 days later.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
The Willards are buried at Oak Hill Cemetery in Washington in a plot marked by a large monument.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6reRiKpJnCa4F_F85wEBBnPUZNHDJ0XFGP7ZaZWfGkRemvXp4xY1nMdXXHCcxMnni_CN3dgztLTLb8wqFjPKkZUiYiCZnR6gHxY-hFh_oQiPKT9OyRgVm2OK8NspDj9atBL_Lx_pLBVv3/s1600/P1990841-3.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6reRiKpJnCa4F_F85wEBBnPUZNHDJ0XFGP7ZaZWfGkRemvXp4xY1nMdXXHCcxMnni_CN3dgztLTLb8wqFjPKkZUiYiCZnR6gHxY-hFh_oQiPKT9OyRgVm2OK8NspDj9atBL_Lx_pLBVv3/s1600/P1990841-3.jpg" width="430" /></a></div>
<br />
Antonia is commemorated on a plaque on the monument. <br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgLAAF7OkyURLleMFLmq4vbAitSiyxSQTdAOJPUdzaholEO18q5AzypDSyIwGzZS7Imed2El39pUoJkNMxO-2eTJZu9Sk4HwL4uATtPvSm5HIkm8kwncG9lOHz8ouf1dSxLXF-xlhcs0_Dr/s1600/P1990842-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgLAAF7OkyURLleMFLmq4vbAitSiyxSQTdAOJPUdzaholEO18q5AzypDSyIwGzZS7Imed2El39pUoJkNMxO-2eTJZu9Sk4HwL4uATtPvSm5HIkm8kwncG9lOHz8ouf1dSxLXF-xlhcs0_Dr/s1600/P1990842-1.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><blockquote><blockquote><blockquote><div style="text-align: center;">Antonia, Daughter of E.R. & Julia F. Ford of Virginia, Devoted Wife of Joseph C. Willard of Washington D.C. Born July 23, 1838,</div><div style="text-align: center;">Died Feb. 14, 1871.</div></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote class="tr_bq"><blockquote class="tr_bq"><blockquote class="tr_bq">
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
Her grave is marked by these smaller stones.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimWroS1VIIv8GygUeRLedhYCzh_H7ztcgRXcLLASGPqqvCZwjKhwxyilMdGGaw7kA1z8TTU9-qV_fMe6R-JzX3Vv5E0esDNqFYPYjXkjwAFueS1Iyn_-S7y9KQ4Juzp039rEWlpRK0aI64/s1600/P1990853-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimWroS1VIIv8GygUeRLedhYCzh_H7ztcgRXcLLASGPqqvCZwjKhwxyilMdGGaw7kA1z8TTU9-qV_fMe6R-JzX3Vv5E0esDNqFYPYjXkjwAFueS1Iyn_-S7y9KQ4Juzp039rEWlpRK0aI64/s1600/P1990853-1.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
Another plaque on the monument commemorates Antonia's father who also died in 1871...<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsWWOCcth-Za0RILOJ7qdzAlExvm8272NNGi9dgCn4nbMDXsD8tQiQd_s73xZKZC9IvvpBSo1K81upADF0rTZsyDiISOn9L6ii2iW37kNj4SQVZlwC-JH19hqXrphVyA9-8Qnsl0jaW-hD/s1600/P1990850-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="353" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsWWOCcth-Za0RILOJ7qdzAlExvm8272NNGi9dgCn4nbMDXsD8tQiQd_s73xZKZC9IvvpBSo1K81upADF0rTZsyDiISOn9L6ii2iW37kNj4SQVZlwC-JH19hqXrphVyA9-8Qnsl0jaW-hD/s1600/P1990850-1.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<div style="text-align: center;">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
Edward R. Ford Born in Fairfax Co.Va. Sep. 8, 1813, Died Nov. 26, 1871.</blockquote>
</blockquote>
</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
"I have fought a good fight, I have finished my course, I have kept the
faith."</blockquote>
</blockquote>
</div>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
...and the Willards' two children who died in infancy.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhMrDpm38qKCDcqgz2ejnM6bje_j6HJwHev_lny7w4u9hUycO0BnnuXEXiR6FcEs0KUMdjOufPctc5fLAn54PwtuE35GQWLrOnPRwWMNuyStEamjv4tL9uLMB5un1sYOp8fogjQNVf8WMS2/s1600/P1990852-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhMrDpm38qKCDcqgz2ejnM6bje_j6HJwHev_lny7w4u9hUycO0BnnuXEXiR6FcEs0KUMdjOufPctc5fLAn54PwtuE35GQWLrOnPRwWMNuyStEamjv4tL9uLMB5un1sYOp8fogjQNVf8WMS2/s1600/P1990852-1.jpg" width="300" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
Our Children <br />
Charles Born April 13, 1867, Died Sep. 2, 1867<br />
Archie F. Born Feb. 9 1871.</blockquote>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
<div style="text-align: left;">
Joseph C. Willard bought out his brother's interest in the Hotel and lived until 1897.</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjn1JsU40sN8CthO9SDrW_-otSbJYieCxtReUNViWGyY5znD_ntHz3z1q5gPtpzD4AuYfK56_3gcccfF0XY0_dWbrIZ0Gf99d1S6o_j8RmC0Q8J5ZLkgw7Im_-rwXwakxGH-jqfFSKEfqN-/s1600/Joseph+Clapp+Willard-Portrait.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjn1JsU40sN8CthO9SDrW_-otSbJYieCxtReUNViWGyY5znD_ntHz3z1q5gPtpzD4AuYfK56_3gcccfF0XY0_dWbrIZ0Gf99d1S6o_j8RmC0Q8J5ZLkgw7Im_-rwXwakxGH-jqfFSKEfqN-/s1600/Joseph+Clapp+Willard-Portrait.jpg" width="331" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
The forth plaque on the monument remembers Joseph C. Willard.</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjhS3s2_NnKjrlzFYezaK2ER9GwbSbL3Gnwhtf7JI72UG1uiyQ_WLrmiRLnObTjPyfWgB50TqGNBJIVQXFav1KvqCFhjWAz5xyTZFl36C2qQl0280HzefOr_NWwe_FveeShh9wO1Xq5hG7U/s1600/P1990849-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjhS3s2_NnKjrlzFYezaK2ER9GwbSbL3Gnwhtf7JI72UG1uiyQ_WLrmiRLnObTjPyfWgB50TqGNBJIVQXFav1KvqCFhjWAz5xyTZFl36C2qQl0280HzefOr_NWwe_FveeShh9wO1Xq5hG7U/s1600/P1990849-1.jpg" width="392" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqbTP6mERBlzoSZ4Gb3Su1Rz7YpwTAQ-fDvd3LqezYURmA334ypvOLkkMsvZgaetYxPJHk2GYN0UkCzndlobRLbbkxidU5_oBQPsl38tsxe4sa7Ik9J6CP2oxm0KVlYSetEGq2hGV__lrd/s1600/P1990855-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqbTP6mERBlzoSZ4Gb3Su1Rz7YpwTAQ-fDvd3LqezYURmA334ypvOLkkMsvZgaetYxPJHk2GYN0UkCzndlobRLbbkxidU5_oBQPsl38tsxe4sa7Ik9J6CP2oxm0KVlYSetEGq2hGV__lrd/s1600/P1990855-1.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<div style="text-align: center;">
Joseph Clapp Willard, Son of Joseph Willard and
Susan Dorr Clapp<br />
Born Nov. 11, 1820, Died Jan. 17, 1897 </div>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
</div>
Allen Brownehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02871983840550191787noreply@blogger.com13977 Chain Bridge Road, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA38.846806099999988 -77.30626710000001413.324771599999988 -118.61486110000001 64.368840599999984 -35.997673100000014tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2073838520097258789.post-19948105277903699222014-05-03T18:06:00.001-04:002021-04-06T10:24:49.678-04:00The Death and Resurrection of Hippocrates' Plane Tree<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9gfbTLG8gOndxadP9TkSZ_QIusiPwuip083Rx5sOG-OuJ9Wcb0dxjGNUtNXohtXR9sPy-Z9tCbg3lp9vgkABZ6XwC60lQ9cedu3zSM3rbvR3047pW2njPhPHtKzZ2oKwSYODn-InuIBCC/s1600/P2350188-2.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="308" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9gfbTLG8gOndxadP9TkSZ_QIusiPwuip083Rx5sOG-OuJ9Wcb0dxjGNUtNXohtXR9sPy-Z9tCbg3lp9vgkABZ6XwC60lQ9cedu3zSM3rbvR3047pW2njPhPHtKzZ2oKwSYODn-InuIBCC/s1600/P2350188-2.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Platanus orientalis</i> 'Hippocrates Sycamore'</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<a name='more'></a>Back in 2011, <a href="http://allenbrowne.blogspot.com/2011/09/tree-of-hippocrates.html" target="_blank">this blog</a> reported on the Tree of Hippocrates on the NIH Campus, a clone of the Tree of Hippocrates on the Island of Kos under which Hippocrates is said to have taught. <br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEirHNGZ0w9oOrZAAuou3USuttKTU_w9savaImA8Vhf8QKHTu18hCr9rKaGtl4Nmqi2MuJl8BS-9-2kqphfplfZZxpPCARQjjEeQzrJde4fcgoVieSk2B4OiqAwj3NP_SM2-3PAR_m19T407/s1600/IMG_0133-1.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEirHNGZ0w9oOrZAAuou3USuttKTU_w9savaImA8Vhf8QKHTu18hCr9rKaGtl4Nmqi2MuJl8BS-9-2kqphfplfZZxpPCARQjjEeQzrJde4fcgoVieSk2B4OiqAwj3NP_SM2-3PAR_m19T407/s1600/IMG_0133-1.jpg" width="300" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Tree of Hippocrates - Alive</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
By the spring of 2013, it was clear that the tree had died and the bronze plaque was removed.<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj5m2MldUGFxO2tdcW1L3Ho7btdXmvBnTvPOBEcFCwpYYN8BDcEty1t-rLq1adhqWxym3DOKro0UinyGNmO6BL_pYMFJrr2t1CH6jB0hT3_76xwo83z-zc0zVZEnEmKXtE1wJ1xaO4DZtJM/s1600/P1860956-1.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">I<img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj5m2MldUGFxO2tdcW1L3Ho7btdXmvBnTvPOBEcFCwpYYN8BDcEty1t-rLq1adhqWxym3DOKro0UinyGNmO6BL_pYMFJrr2t1CH6jB0hT3_76xwo83z-zc0zVZEnEmKXtE1wJ1xaO4DZtJM/s1600/P1860956-1.jpg" width="300" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Tree of Hippocrates - Dead</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
In the fall of 2013, the tree had been <a href="https://www.blogger.com/#">cut down</a>. Lynn Mueller, NIH landscape architect, reported that: <br /><blockquote>“The trunk was mostly hollow and rotten... Four new cloned replacement trees are expected to arrive in late October or early November. The National Library of Medicine [near which the original tree was planted] is planning a rededication for the new tree but has not set a date yet. The NLM tree will be planted in the same place as the original tree. Another will be planted in front of the Clinical Research Center and the other two will go into one of our reforestation areas as back-up should any of the first two fail.” </blockquote>Dr. Richard Wyatt, deputy director of the Office of Intramural Research, remarked at the felling of the tree, “NLM is storing large pieces of the remaining tree for future use, the replanting will be a milestone event.” <div><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1fQa5kdEubM9mhip8qUwu1LhzwdMU31WLrC3cc8f2Tu5i91pIp3S0BjzJwH5uINoL2LuJpZW1ifw3PoUjyYoPQ8ZyD7XosyXWSqMxmb_vUh2i7hgYmGpAIPXKbxaLI_c5wBA71h93pH1r/s1600/P2140644-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1fQa5kdEubM9mhip8qUwu1LhzwdMU31WLrC3cc8f2Tu5i91pIp3S0BjzJwH5uINoL2LuJpZW1ifw3PoUjyYoPQ8ZyD7XosyXWSqMxmb_vUh2i7hgYmGpAIPXKbxaLI_c5wBA71h93pH1r/s1600/P2140644-1.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<br />
In the spring of 2014, the tree was replaced by another tree cloned from the previous clone of the original Tree of Hippocrates. And incidentally, they used my 2011 photo on the cover of the program.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh06VDDTMarwQ7mbQFw2XS_9jvAS4RF1Qxs0oYNqTLIVt2Sf3Ki-wxRy1tPY_YxTWPA33nyt6PxtXQJu2Az9Y48_crFTIWDdnwVyduuvnZbjUqapOuKQqcxVqL1myStUduKupLJy5_G2E_S/s1600/Dedication+Ceremony-2.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh06VDDTMarwQ7mbQFw2XS_9jvAS4RF1Qxs0oYNqTLIVt2Sf3Ki-wxRy1tPY_YxTWPA33nyt6PxtXQJu2Az9Y48_crFTIWDdnwVyduuvnZbjUqapOuKQqcxVqL1myStUduKupLJy5_G2E_S/s1600/Dedication+Ceremony-2.jpg" width="404" /></a></div>
<br />
The "milestone" dedication ceremony was attended by The Greek Ambassador, Christo Panagopoulos, successor to Alexis Liatis who gave the previous tree to NIH; Dr. Donald Lindberg, Director of NLM; and David Lipman, Director of NCBI who unveiled the DNA 'barcode' of the tree.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjoIhPbuahI5DmYcBEkxrVLW9KW2SKs8Oc2AQygsYFyoPRbc_7dJlPk3n6BDiJTaHAnC9O9fYq0sctru-t0fh_1NDhKzIxNdM9iKchHKslhz7blrSxLnAYvZnThlJ5KLnI1OjOOZpMW4DAe/s1600/P2340808-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjoIhPbuahI5DmYcBEkxrVLW9KW2SKs8Oc2AQygsYFyoPRbc_7dJlPk3n6BDiJTaHAnC9O9fYq0sctru-t0fh_1NDhKzIxNdM9iKchHKslhz7blrSxLnAYvZnThlJ5KLnI1OjOOZpMW4DAe/s1600/P2340808-1.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-size: small;">Ambassador <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%;">Panagopoulos</span>, Donald Lindberg, Constantine Stratakis, and David Lipman at the dedication of Hippocrates Tree</span></blockquote>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibbqcHHFmJxkZSqAZjBmt8wJV0cxs4LQA8EtKM8WxGZDA6STpm-UY4mQmNdyI-FFsdCd4LyiPl_XmEuY3-MgK6-EQlqMAegqeQdx5S-stQY_rwQI6Ji_w9OHkFFJ1fWOCF4LD1vwQs2pqZ/s1600/P2340941-2.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibbqcHHFmJxkZSqAZjBmt8wJV0cxs4LQA8EtKM8WxGZDA6STpm-UY4mQmNdyI-FFsdCd4LyiPl_XmEuY3-MgK6-EQlqMAegqeQdx5S-stQY_rwQI6Ji_w9OHkFFJ1fWOCF4LD1vwQs2pqZ/s1600/P2340941-2.jpg" width="300" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Christos Panagopoulos, Greek Ambassador</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjLAG21ciAwLs6DwbI_H4KXaRU60kuAq3N0tQLvDuTj-625lRKTgRgUZH9eUh-aNaxj7EpqUfGEl1249M0nVi_89X9krBZ-ZdAzjG7cE366yWlZfDRXmJdmuiXCT4PZM3l4w8DkPghEAazH/s1600/P2340764-1.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="302" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjLAG21ciAwLs6DwbI_H4KXaRU60kuAq3N0tQLvDuTj-625lRKTgRgUZH9eUh-aNaxj7EpqUfGEl1249M0nVi_89X9krBZ-ZdAzjG7cE366yWlZfDRXmJdmuiXCT4PZM3l4w8DkPghEAazH/s1600/P2340764-1.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Hippocrates' Tree awaiting its dedication</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
The new tree was not placed along Center Drive where the previous tree had been, but on the front lawn of the National Library of Medicine.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3NC1bHN7IUaVhZeCtnpUN7xP3FWn5xJykwGKOqYC7PU7swm6ScD8oJVjDpS1qET6pyO1cgYLYFn3wCkagQHI6NFBmaccDUvJVOBoRIk7jnxiLPELRG1ysj7JoDSSXfnw2m0YXzz6fyxBe/s1600/P2360011-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3NC1bHN7IUaVhZeCtnpUN7xP3FWn5xJykwGKOqYC7PU7swm6ScD8oJVjDpS1qET6pyO1cgYLYFn3wCkagQHI6NFBmaccDUvJVOBoRIk7jnxiLPELRG1ysj7JoDSSXfnw2m0YXzz6fyxBe/s1600/P2360011-1.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
The <a href="http://rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/360/1462/1805.full.pdf+html" target="_blank">DNA barcode</a> is a segment of the DNA sequence of a plant used to identify a specimen as belonging to a particular species. The barcode of this particular tree will be used a the standard against which to identify members of its species, <i>Platanus orientalis</i>, the Oriental Plane Tree.<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh07IDl4erGOms2u0B5gBiHRiCQD6wufRyU6B4HfslE2N7kbw6q1hHEXlBSOARjW624IkGpDz0eO9gWVNnkyK94xoAc_jlzbuz3Bm5BgIohjTHoUjLRy3L8F1cBwfDvTd32xtA-DoMqf36V/s1600/P2350087-1.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh07IDl4erGOms2u0B5gBiHRiCQD6wufRyU6B4HfslE2N7kbw6q1hHEXlBSOARjW624IkGpDz0eO9gWVNnkyK94xoAc_jlzbuz3Bm5BgIohjTHoUjLRy3L8F1cBwfDvTd32xtA-DoMqf36V/s1600/P2350087-1.jpg" width="300" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">David J. Lipman explaining the DNA Barcode</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
Dr. Lipman said at the dedication that <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">"I'm
sure that Hippocrates would have been fascinated by the DNA Barcode Project and
I think he would have been very excited about how DNA comparison and other
modern methods are being used to better understand and ultimately treat human disease." The DNA barcode was printed on a bookmark distributed at the ceremony:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiDSEet7qtcCTRGAu00va-7rtjgsR5FCbUMHFONgJegAa06IzXi_JLF21IjWogV_gkSa79XAwV9GsJ4ckxkK6h87HOAnkZ_3734gDxjPHAyo3Gdt8EaVw_SDa2WLO1scOlwoGxPC5Zfa8c1/s1600/Barcode.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiDSEet7qtcCTRGAu00va-7rtjgsR5FCbUMHFONgJegAa06IzXi_JLF21IjWogV_gkSa79XAwV9GsJ4ckxkK6h87HOAnkZ_3734gDxjPHAyo3Gdt8EaVw_SDa2WLO1scOlwoGxPC5Zfa8c1/s1600/Barcode.jpg" width="167" /></a></div>
<br />
Although the various dignitaries went through the motions of planting the tree...<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQYAxYqDH5Yz9K2REInk5W2XfD6ZaE4k43jH9UTbcxakrcpHRXxQIAkpW-Qu3Amkga-cT9eL6tAcDvaWAgSxqOUKlqsrm7kAAwv5zpLrIOqKQQNTL0kuvQtC_naCNHcXxFlv2rrSWPut5f/s1600/P2350105-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQYAxYqDH5Yz9K2REInk5W2XfD6ZaE4k43jH9UTbcxakrcpHRXxQIAkpW-Qu3Amkga-cT9eL6tAcDvaWAgSxqOUKlqsrm7kAAwv5zpLrIOqKQQNTL0kuvQtC_naCNHcXxFlv2rrSWPut5f/s1600/P2350105-1.jpg" width="300" /></a></div>
<br />
...it was actually planted by contractors from King-Bryant, Inc.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvxREmXI52wzhgO2-g-AJ3O7DgD1CVdPRCpVDin-8WL5Q6Q01n5DiEL6JStiEYTIsWNATCJk6XeAuiFps2BLP-PL44U3TdFIGKovfkGse_jAIkyArIHlV8xc5Xw_xnYf4BbLq6dClo2PbZ/s1600/P2350163-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvxREmXI52wzhgO2-g-AJ3O7DgD1CVdPRCpVDin-8WL5Q6Q01n5DiEL6JStiEYTIsWNATCJk6XeAuiFps2BLP-PL44U3TdFIGKovfkGse_jAIkyArIHlV8xc5Xw_xnYf4BbLq6dClo2PbZ/s1600/P2350163-1.jpg" width="345" /></a></div>
<br />
The tree is marked with a quartzite boulder and a plaque similar to the one that marked its predecessor.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJojxHZECmMty-UIAKTiwvopsuh0W-UaX3R6Bssbn53NcKEea_5Xl_mhKhqa66gz2EM3mpwuczUtWyu5V0GpRXVf_zhW_tNnPgl3M775H7nBa__TjU7sOQQhqGMTIGCRj79hRLjXj5cc2p/s1600/P2360021-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJojxHZECmMty-UIAKTiwvopsuh0W-UaX3R6Bssbn53NcKEea_5Xl_mhKhqa66gz2EM3mpwuczUtWyu5V0GpRXVf_zhW_tNnPgl3M775H7nBa__TjU7sOQQhqGMTIGCRj79hRLjXj5cc2p/s1600/P2360021-1.jpg" width="480" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgj1eYMnTVtJ389dsbDHZ1_nyaJrpcuhp-IQdot1r4z1ApWEJMmfKVXNzXR2KLRSwYbUVqfssXUNvrDPRr6Lw0Q8YHRJ55o3cdU4qEv14-vSmiqv3A8WhlZnkEZGwDpTiV1Cszj92SGRm_6/s1600/P2360031-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="328" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgj1eYMnTVtJ389dsbDHZ1_nyaJrpcuhp-IQdot1r4z1ApWEJMmfKVXNzXR2KLRSwYbUVqfssXUNvrDPRr6Lw0Q8YHRJ55o3cdU4qEv14-vSmiqv3A8WhlZnkEZGwDpTiV1Cszj92SGRm_6/s1600/P2360031-1.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span class="leadinghead"> </span>Tree of Hippocrates</blockquote>
</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<i>Platanus orientalis</i></blockquote>
</div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
From the Greek Island of Cos,
Hippocrates is said to have held classes under the parent tree. The gift
tree was presented by the town of Cos to the National Library of
Medicine at the dedication
of its new building on December 14, 1961.</blockquote>
<center>
This Replacement Tree, Cloned<br />
From the Gift Tree, Was Planted on<br />
April 25, 2014</center>
<center>
</center>
<div style="text-align: left;">
</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
This song sparrow found a perch in the Tree of Hippocrates.</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEggwkemwJzytoG-HLtnUseSY6XdxWf-rdUYfvzRH-99PUqEZGWEvTctoIAaUZl3tf_0JEOZJNmIn9apKvKjw0WawR8QadSO7JEWRt69KLUT-kEqGTD0mw1LGCvTahb5YFTCUuRDZROasYkB/s1600/P2360079-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEggwkemwJzytoG-HLtnUseSY6XdxWf-rdUYfvzRH-99PUqEZGWEvTctoIAaUZl3tf_0JEOZJNmIn9apKvKjw0WawR8QadSO7JEWRt69KLUT-kEqGTD0mw1LGCvTahb5YFTCUuRDZROasYkB/s1600/P2360079-1.jpg" width="480" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
</div>
</div>Allen Brownehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02871983840550191787noreply@blogger.com0National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA38.9957074 -77.09756490000000938.9941649 -77.100086400000009 38.9972499 -77.095043400000009tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2073838520097258789.post-61406007488746109772014-04-01T19:46:00.000-04:002018-06-16T11:07:05.734-04:00Is Jesus an Illusion?<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhyPxcjom8OvPlHbWZfLQmYB4hFiy5EzzXVbleWvv5rICf3cNR1c-y9yuR7IDz9BVJrE9vXSjAlvPppGv9Fagl7b-AQts59O_K6oo1PDRFaDt3E7TLggJL7EKsveNYvkfv4envVRcSb1h32/s1600/P2120516-1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhyPxcjom8OvPlHbWZfLQmYB4hFiy5EzzXVbleWvv5rICf3cNR1c-y9yuR7IDz9BVJrE9vXSjAlvPppGv9Fagl7b-AQts59O_K6oo1PDRFaDt3E7TLggJL7EKsveNYvkfv4envVRcSb1h32/s1600/P2120516-1.jpg" width="480" /> </a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">Well ... this one is!</span></b> </div>
<br />
<a name='more'></a>This sculpture of Carrara marble by <a href="http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/fce01" target="_blank">Enrico Cerrachio</a> in the <a href="http://www.fort-lincoln.com/location/about/cemetery.html" target="_blank">Fort Lincoln Cemetery</a> is a "Living Sculpture" as the historical marker indicates:<br />
<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhInsYQRK57rzSOBDYluUZd9j_cZpTi4EHUBYZaLFCqLagnlaZ_VZ45sdOTvEmEFCub6aTDhe7GFFD9OaPelhbEGqEUS7c8tteiELdy_ZGer-bhfMKjv5gnl63k4gb63pxi6QpKLaXpWPSC/s1600/P2120508-1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhInsYQRK57rzSOBDYluUZd9j_cZpTi4EHUBYZaLFCqLagnlaZ_VZ45sdOTvEmEFCub6aTDhe7GFFD9OaPelhbEGqEUS7c8tteiELdy_ZGer-bhfMKjv5gnl63k4gb63pxi6QpKLaXpWPSC/s1600/P2120508-1.jpg" width="480" /></a></div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
This unusual feature was created by the famous sculptor, Enrico
Cerrachio. Should you walk across the arm of the cross, formed by the
walkway, you will observe the that the eyes and entire head appear to
turn and look directly at the beholder at all times. This illusion is
created by an ingenious method of sculpturing, which fulfills the
Biblical quotation, "The eyes of the Lord are in every place keeping
watch, upon the evil and the good." (Proverbs 15:3)</blockquote>
The uncanny effect of this sculpture is that the eyes and whole face of Jesus follow you as you move right and left in front of the sculpture. From the left side, Jesus looks leftward toward you:<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKJkDv0Crn2gTQvtBr8btQ5ey8qzVmckcErsr6dYHFGY4PUnPfLOKxwugsSR82zfZnTjOHrP3bCEy3nw1soHCeujLdoD6onEgkLFA5IIiouk1I8slIKhkP3YSv8tD5rb3a5ZPS43hvL-vp/s1600/P2120564-1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKJkDv0Crn2gTQvtBr8btQ5ey8qzVmckcErsr6dYHFGY4PUnPfLOKxwugsSR82zfZnTjOHrP3bCEy3nw1soHCeujLdoD6onEgkLFA5IIiouk1I8slIKhkP3YSv8tD5rb3a5ZPS43hvL-vp/s1600/P2120564-1.jpg" width="300" /></a></div>
<br />
From the right side, he looks rightward towards you:<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQ5A-1kqd1dYBUncr57VkOiQ7bhyphenhyphen6egDC2yUcp7N3ub8aZSg4i0TEBKQxbj-Pd5UifYIC39s27lLMKuMXUeD9k7kAcSerOUpkZVAGW39jBreQkpgxiZ9quR1jyTNPHobufno9Xj-APGyOV/s1600/P2120556-1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQ5A-1kqd1dYBUncr57VkOiQ7bhyphenhyphen6egDC2yUcp7N3ub8aZSg4i0TEBKQxbj-Pd5UifYIC39s27lLMKuMXUeD9k7kAcSerOUpkZVAGW39jBreQkpgxiZ9quR1jyTNPHobufno9Xj-APGyOV/s1600/P2120556-1.jpg" width="300" /> </a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
He even looks down.</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQfwBark0jLmj1iPXa0nUyGpkR_Fa9Bs0q243dgHs-SMs11DcQ9Dhc5XlH2hcOaN0qI6eXnR-AmPs4unTm6ThW6e0GojYMdcvpn8g2VBS6dWXIxRFj9a2RJTt4d0lubkhXKsDc2HyrsnES/s1600/P2120532-2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQfwBark0jLmj1iPXa0nUyGpkR_Fa9Bs0q243dgHs-SMs11DcQ9Dhc5XlH2hcOaN0qI6eXnR-AmPs4unTm6ThW6e0GojYMdcvpn8g2VBS6dWXIxRFj9a2RJTt4d0lubkhXKsDc2HyrsnES/s1600/P2120532-2.jpg" width="325" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
Illustrating the <a href="http://biblehub.com/proverbs/15-3.htm" target="_blank">proverb,</a> "<span style="font-size: large;">T</span>he eyes of the <span style="font-size: large;">L</span>ord are in every place keeping
watch, upon the evil and the good."</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4dWn_ed9LtY1_RB_JFHfWxPowLf3EtZZp37-WTmMr8lD9OhzYFSRaYWZtceZJKxRUEngG0iTMOjlXa9jDLOEXux83lJFPeM_7IivFAvX7YES-y-C2KBy4I-hPzswmpQvoczzDgSqtMnvU/s1600/P2120517-1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="203" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4dWn_ed9LtY1_RB_JFHfWxPowLf3EtZZp37-WTmMr8lD9OhzYFSRaYWZtceZJKxRUEngG0iTMOjlXa9jDLOEXux83lJFPeM_7IivFAvX7YES-y-C2KBy4I-hPzswmpQvoczzDgSqtMnvU/s1600/P2120517-1.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
This is an instance of the pretty well known "<a href="http://blog.brainfacts.org/2013/07/depth-perception-and-the-hollow-face-illusion/#.Uznpx1ca3u2" target="_blank">Hollow Face Illusion.</a>" The eye is fooled into interpreting the concave face as a convex face. But even more strangely, the perspective is such that the face follows you. <a href="http://blog.brainfacts.org/2013/07/depth-perception-and-the-hollow-face-illusion/moving4/" target="_blank">The diagram</a> below shows how this works:</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTiLExBMbe7CWJcLGGgsUYaO3ugyPTQQqxBtHqfTDSNiHjd7lLa3UmDcs5CCJkqLA7PXjxAs4esTXZcVpbtrYn1yc77MhbDsVya-Cb4aW28p0GjgOkbUDNvkftN1dxuR1D3xPN5lReDyV5/s1600/moving3-2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="291" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTiLExBMbe7CWJcLGGgsUYaO3ugyPTQQqxBtHqfTDSNiHjd7lLa3UmDcs5CCJkqLA7PXjxAs4esTXZcVpbtrYn1yc77MhbDsVya-Cb4aW28p0GjgOkbUDNvkftN1dxuR1D3xPN5lReDyV5/s1600/moving3-2.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
With perspective reversed, the concave face appears to turn toward you as you move, rather than away from you. Jesus seems to look toward you because he's really looking away.</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
This particular instance of the illusion provides pathways in the shape of a cross to encourage viewers to see the illusion.</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiFDJVGSFdrL-2s4ohgAcvtsAkyF-f5Uk9KUQW0-v5QG-UJCDj-8gj_W5HdhigKPKpy4LLqsZ-hLw0Egr-BQ9AtlWIEGeDVPFsL-KcMRwTZ7reV8YW4jVYSmGrkWomVwk-Sx3H8U8i7oRqu/s1600/P2120568-1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"> <img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiFDJVGSFdrL-2s4ohgAcvtsAkyF-f5Uk9KUQW0-v5QG-UJCDj-8gj_W5HdhigKPKpy4LLqsZ-hLw0Egr-BQ9AtlWIEGeDVPFsL-KcMRwTZ7reV8YW4jVYSmGrkWomVwk-Sx3H8U8i7oRqu/s1600/P2120568-1.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
Sit on the left-hand bench and Jesus looks at you; sit on the right-hand bench, ditto.</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
From the right-hand bench, the sculpture looks like this:</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgpZ9z7sVzmW5wFfmcobqCRNoLDgFIROKgtrfL4_JfF00iYWH2M_UXh7PkaB604RZaM3_1kM8f9F4tvlDGQrxmQKNENvVOkecbtdCz9O0-ayqvjdZmuAK7RDEW3ZF0vJegqGTGhNtj6HgEv/s1600/P2120554-1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="361" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgpZ9z7sVzmW5wFfmcobqCRNoLDgFIROKgtrfL4_JfF00iYWH2M_UXh7PkaB604RZaM3_1kM8f9F4tvlDGQrxmQKNENvVOkecbtdCz9O0-ayqvjdZmuAK7RDEW3ZF0vJegqGTGhNtj6HgEv/s1600/P2120554-1.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
and from the left-hand bench ... well, you know:</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6ovWzDmv2YrCiefi6hHyC1YIIHV525RKqU1sFhnUnMNpR-qhcPqWN8QU3d1UFQedNk4fA3TgeZjzu-1nsuPUxUts8Vl_ddL6IPkp9DJC4vEbCgQMIjQgt4QxZqiy926ZxFXIyoABWjs4l/s1600/P2120559-1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6ovWzDmv2YrCiefi6hHyC1YIIHV525RKqU1sFhnUnMNpR-qhcPqWN8QU3d1UFQedNk4fA3TgeZjzu-1nsuPUxUts8Vl_ddL6IPkp9DJC4vEbCgQMIjQgt4QxZqiy926ZxFXIyoABWjs4l/s1600/P2120559-1.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
To dispel the idea that this illusion depends in any way on its religious content, watch this Dragon video:</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
</div>
<div>
<center>
</center>
<center>
</center>
<center>
</center>
<center>
</center>
<center>
</center>
<center>
</center>
<center>
</center>
<center>
</center>
<center>
</center>
<center>
</center>
<center>
</center>
<center>
<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="//www.youtube.com/embed/EIF-5vuqNEA" width="420"></iframe> </center>
<div style="text-align: left;">
</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br />
or you can do-it-yourself by downloading <a href="http://landmarks.allenbrowne.info/Dragon/" target="_blank">this PDF</a> and building your own dragon.<br />
<br /></div>
</div>
Allen Brownehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02871983840550191787noreply@blogger.com23401 Bladensburg Road, Brentwood, MD 20722, USA38.926893 -76.94903999999996813.4048585 -118.25763399999997 64.4489275 -35.640445999999969tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2073838520097258789.post-86484184184075127532014-03-04T18:30:00.001-05:002021-05-06T09:04:29.550-04:00The Most Insignificant Justice<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjpeq-atc02R3lXLwsf2o2_M8Yjw8Dm-VYjft21_S11naJSmF0zjTw3utNSkPDkC1Lidou6WLQFbpIq5k_kM9MJrQJwoffDNfj1jxKbRU9ZE8P-1oDmExUZabrcUM_zwS3JPDKq4ZE2y-Ky/s1600/P2150071-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjpeq-atc02R3lXLwsf2o2_M8Yjw8Dm-VYjft21_S11naJSmF0zjTw3utNSkPDkC1Lidou6WLQFbpIq5k_kM9MJrQJwoffDNfj1jxKbRU9ZE8P-1oDmExUZabrcUM_zwS3JPDKq4ZE2y-Ky/s1600/P2150071-1.jpg" width="480" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<br />
Gabriel Duvall, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court, built Marietta in 1812, and died here in 1844. <br />
<br />
<a name='more'></a><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg4qtlQGlVNuCkDVqra3NERaxah0uMtos26T0HZOZqvuNnHD0Kk3Cog09JeYwViAved9TZCg7rXtwDOjFSPo2QLmTD4E-I30a25n-WlfnP3qQa-vBs_FzUx5J4D5nHlhKawYDeV_ct42us8/s1600/P2260687-1.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="322" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg4qtlQGlVNuCkDVqra3NERaxah0uMtos26T0HZOZqvuNnHD0Kk3Cog09JeYwViAved9TZCg7rXtwDOjFSPo2QLmTD4E-I30a25n-WlfnP3qQa-vBs_FzUx5J4D5nHlhKawYDeV_ct42us8/s1600/P2260687-1.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Marietta, Glenn Dale, Maryland</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<br />
This one-sided historical marker, erected by <a href="http://www.duvallsociety.org/" target="_blank">The Society of Mareen Duvall Descendants</a>, outlines Duvall's life and relationship to <a href="http://history.pgparks.com/sites_and_museums/Marietta_House_Museum.htm" target="_blank">Marietta</a>. <br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgkcONF0gstQApUX7j6BuXHpxxFMSvQZO8rCmzfLRjl7BcugYe83FPJWhdQxXP9hSEf1aoTBeuPDvoW-sW6FIz5jVDu3PpRsgl3vYRmI-4KRMRV4pqjgfQYg4h-BKtZBuDklJXctrYnt1Ge/s1600/P2140667-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgkcONF0gstQApUX7j6BuXHpxxFMSvQZO8rCmzfLRjl7BcugYe83FPJWhdQxXP9hSEf1aoTBeuPDvoW-sW6FIz5jVDu3PpRsgl3vYRmI-4KRMRV4pqjgfQYg4h-BKtZBuDklJXctrYnt1Ge/s1600/P2140667-1.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<b>Marietta</b><br />
<b>Home of Gabriel Duvall</b><br />
<b>(1752-1744)</b><br />
Judge Gabriel Duvall built Marietta in 1812-13 and in the 1830s added a two-story wing on the north side. Duvall was distinguished for a lifetime of public service which included election to the Maryland state legislature and the United States Congress. In 1802 he was appointed comptroller of the treasury by President Thomas Jefferson, a position he held until his appointment to the Supreme Court by President James Madison in 1811. Gabriel Duvall retired from the Supreme Court in 1835 and died in 1844 at Marietta in his 93rd year.<br />
The Society of Mareen Duvall Descendants.</blockquote>
</blockquote>
Gabriel Duvall is arguably the most insignificant Supreme Court Justice; in fact, that has been argued in a prestigious journal of law.<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgGp3Qb0XX13cL7iBIlPuf2d4iI4myvFUm0TAFDoRGwswd4UaFElKe1R1MQj2-sIqPnZNXrRIZZJbXxL-KybQ-ChtV0YJjNDtnQJCdLgqpbiYMUpaKzMEUSWKfBvppvMGtkqP47iBwIHky/s1600/P2260957-3.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgGp3Qb0XX13cL7iBIlPuf2d4iI4myvFUm0TAFDoRGwswd4UaFElKe1R1MQj2-sIqPnZNXrRIZZJbXxL-KybQ-ChtV0YJjNDtnQJCdLgqpbiYMUpaKzMEUSWKfBvppvMGtkqP47iBwIHky/s1600/P2260957-3.jpg" width="442" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Judge Gabriel Duvall</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<div style="text-align: left;">
In the <a href="http://chicagounbound.uchicago.edu/journal_articles/3169/" target="_blank"><i>University of Chicago Law Review</i> (Vol. 50, No 2, 1983)</a> Professor David P. Currie named Duvall "The Most Insignificant Justice." Currie eliminated fellow Marylander Thomas Johnson from the running as unfair competition. Johnson "drew his salary during a period when the Court had no cases to decide and ... resigned after two years 'rather than undertake the labor.'" He avoided the question of current justices because after all he was a practicing lawyer at the time he published his analysis. </div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
Currie proposed a number of quantitative measures of insignificance. PPY (Pages Per Year) is a case in point. The idea is to measure a justice's significance by the number of pages of constitutional opinion he wrote per year. Duvall's entire corpus of Constitutional opinion in 23 years on the bench is "DUVALL, Justice, dissented." That represents less than half a line. Currie assumes an average of 22 lines per page so Duvall gets a PPY of 0.0008.</div>
<br />
<div style="text-align: left;">
Chief Justice Roberts weighed in on the question in an address before the Federalist Society in 2007.</div>
<br />
<center>
<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="//www.youtube.com/embed/13ze4fL5itU" width="420"></iframe></center>
<br />
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
In addition to his lackluster years on the Supreme Court, Duvall seems to have played a secondary part in the important events of his day. During the Revolution he was mustermaster and commissary of stores for Maryland troops. He later became a private in the Maryland Militia. Two of his brothers were killed in the Revolution -- Edward at Camden, SC, and Isaac at Eutaw Springs. </div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
In 1787, the same year that he married Mary Bryce, he was one of the five Marylanders chosen to attend the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia. Neither he nor any of his four his colleagues (Robert Hansen Harrison, Thomas Stone, Charles Carroll of Carrollton, and Thomas Sim Lee) chose to attend. Maryland later appointed five more delegates who did attend (Daniel Carroll, Daniel of St. Thomas Jenifer, Luther Martin, James McHenry, and John Francis Mercer). Mary Bryce Duvall died in 1790 soon after the birth of their only son, Edmund Bryce Duvall.</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEghK1EmS3drtGU7dk2qBzpb04nF5TIG0FxVrfV9m6IJO4uZ3ajcdmT2JzfzkJs6XnPSjNVbSNb6ycqSmzfHgHANGk4jodFww1UKq61u5uxa2zmd4B2s7A6z3HSezVGbyyke9CAKfFQe5lkr/s1600/i003074a-mod.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEghK1EmS3drtGU7dk2qBzpb04nF5TIG0FxVrfV9m6IJO4uZ3ajcdmT2JzfzkJs6XnPSjNVbSNb6ycqSmzfHgHANGk4jodFww1UKq61u5uxa2zmd4B2s7A6z3HSezVGbyyke9CAKfFQe5lkr/s1600/i003074a-mod.jpg" width="395" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OfficeDocumentSettings>
<o:AllowPNG/>
</o:OfficeDocumentSettings>
</xml><![endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">G. Duvall
</span><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:WordDocument>
<w:View>Normal</w:View>
<w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom>
<w:TrackMoves/>
<w:TrackFormatting/>
<w:PunctuationKerning/>
<w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/>
<w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>
<w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent>
<w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>
<w:DoNotPromoteQF/>
<w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther>
<w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian>
<w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript>
<w:Compatibility>
<w:BreakWrappedTables/>
<w:SnapToGridInCell/>
<w:WrapTextWithPunct/>
<w:UseAsianBreakRules/>
<w:DontGrowAutofit/>
<w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/>
<w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp/>
<w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables/>
<w:DontVertAlignInTxbx/>
<w:Word11KerningPairs/>
<w:CachedColBalance/>
</w:Compatibility>
<m:mathPr>
<m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/>
<m:brkBin m:val="before"/>
<m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/>
<m:smallFrac m:val="off"/>
<m:dispDef/>
<m:lMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:rMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/>
<m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/>
<m:intLim m:val="subSup"/>
<m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/>
</m:mathPr></w:WordDocument>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"
DefSemiHidden="true" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99"
LatentStyleCount="267">
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" QFormat="true" Name="caption"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="59" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
</w:LatentStyles>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]>
<style>
/* Style Definitions */
table.MsoNormalTable
{mso-style-name:"Table Normal";
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-qformat:yes;
mso-style-parent:"";
mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;
mso-para-margin-top:0in;
mso-para-margin-right:0in;
mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt;
mso-para-margin-left:0in;
line-height:115%;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;}
</style>
<![endif]--></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OfficeDocumentSettings>
<o:AllowPNG/>
</o:OfficeDocumentSettings>
</xml><![endif]--></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:WordDocument>
<w:View>Normal</w:View>
<w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom>
<w:TrackMoves/>
<w:TrackFormatting/>
<w:PunctuationKerning/>
<w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/>
<w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>
<w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent>
<w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>
<w:DoNotPromoteQF/>
<w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther>
<w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian>
<w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript>
<w:Compatibility>
<w:BreakWrappedTables/>
<w:SnapToGridInCell/>
<w:WrapTextWithPunct/>
<w:UseAsianBreakRules/>
<w:DontGrowAutofit/>
<w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/>
<w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp/>
<w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables/>
<w:DontVertAlignInTxbx/>
<w:Word11KerningPairs/>
<w:CachedColBalance/>
</w:Compatibility>
<m:mathPr>
<m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/>
<m:brkBin m:val="before"/>
<m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/>
<m:smallFrac m:val="off"/>
<m:dispDef/>
<m:lMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:rMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/>
<m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/>
<m:intLim m:val="subSup"/>
<m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/>
</m:mathPr></w:WordDocument>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"
DefSemiHidden="true" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99"
LatentStyleCount="267">
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" QFormat="true" Name="caption"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="59" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
</w:LatentStyles>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]>
<style>
/* Style Definitions */
table.MsoNormalTable
{mso-style-name:"Table Normal";
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-qformat:yes;
mso-style-parent:"";
mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;
mso-para-margin-top:0in;
mso-para-margin-right:0in;
mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt;
mso-para-margin-left:0in;
line-height:115%;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;}
</style>
<![endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Engraving by Charles Balthazer Julien Fevert de Saint-Memi</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Maryland Archives </span></div>
<br />
In May of 1794, Gabriel Duvall took a seat in the third US Congress in Philadelphia, replacing John Francis Mercer. He took lodgings at Mrs. John Gibbon's boarding-house where he met Mrs. Gibbon's daughter, Jane. He married Jane Gibbon in May of 1795. He was re-elected to the fourth Congress but resigned in 1796 when he was elected to the Supreme Court of Maryland. <br />
<br />
Duvall was a loyal partisan of Thomas Jefferson. He was one of four Maryland electors to vote for Jefferson in his first unsuccessful run for President in 1796 -- Adams won Maryland with seven electors. Duvall was again a Jefferson elector in the election of 1800, in which Democratic Republicans Jefferson and Burr accidentally tied each other. The Congress decided for Jefferson. Jefferson rewarded Duvall by appointing him the<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comptroller_of_the_Treasury" target="_blank"> Comptroller of the Treasury</a> in 1802. In 1804, Duvall bought Dumbarton House (then called Bellvue) from its first owner, Samuel Jackson, and sold it again in 1805 to Joseph Nourse, Registrar of the Treasury. It's unknown if Duvall ever lived there.<br />
<br />
In 1812, when Duvall was nearly 60, Madison appointed him to the Supreme Court to replace Samuel Chase in seat 3, now occupied by Justice Kagan. <br />
<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgtRKflZMw5pvFu21n8Uwe4eGYuwTuv_p-o-zcqpbnTG-RC1ikTgHrfq0n06_Fp65breADMab9DXVAKSN5bpuKPqXwgGcuug8iHec3aupBPXihytWEK1crlL_Al3oqu14n02zjSuiv8VP5R/s1600/i003085a.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="283" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgtRKflZMw5pvFu21n8Uwe4eGYuwTuv_p-o-zcqpbnTG-RC1ikTgHrfq0n06_Fp65breADMab9DXVAKSN5bpuKPqXwgGcuug8iHec3aupBPXihytWEK1crlL_Al3oqu14n02zjSuiv8VP5R/s1600/i003085a.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Madison's Nomination of Duvall to The Supreme Court, MD Archives</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<div style="text-align: left;">
About that same time, Duvall built the Federal style brick house at Marietta.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0evD-f-YIS-q8GztC9_lr2FZlmpqXSeblBeZdUllMURqXYeWgYcq9HbTm0lDR3GvnG6ghE4G_TZimzG1GNvm2edNEhN7uIbgKymP07JvKBBPJ83QIy_c0tL9QQfMvPCd3D4q1iDZPaoKF/s1600/P2260815-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="303" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0evD-f-YIS-q8GztC9_lr2FZlmpqXSeblBeZdUllMURqXYeWgYcq9HbTm0lDR3GvnG6ghE4G_TZimzG1GNvm2edNEhN7uIbgKymP07JvKBBPJ83QIy_c0tL9QQfMvPCd3D4q1iDZPaoKF/s1600/P2260815-1.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br />
In August of 1814, British Troops under General Robert Ross burned the federal buildings in Washington. The Department of State took over the townhouse that Justice Duvall rented in Washington (<a href="http://history.state.gov/departmenthistory/buildings/section23" target="_blank">on G street between 17th and 18th</a>), so Marietta became his primary residence. The nearby Annapolis Road (now MD 450) provided convenient access to both the national capital and the state capital.<br />
<br />
During his tenure on the court, he maintained a law office on the grounds of Marietta.</div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgG9jQeIhPLdcrDpddRjQoZ9aSoYH1t5JA7RcWSJOYo7O4_ccPGcDlPJbedzNthiqZ_SOEcUJ3a72iES5MrOV1HjBQyKo3zLm1VM7Zs1xhGypGdW7tcQNkT3PWfebPBl6mumUqoZP_-gyXQ/s1600/P2260985-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgG9jQeIhPLdcrDpddRjQoZ9aSoYH1t5JA7RcWSJOYo7O4_ccPGcDlPJbedzNthiqZ_SOEcUJ3a72iES5MrOV1HjBQyKo3zLm1VM7Zs1xhGypGdW7tcQNkT3PWfebPBl6mumUqoZP_-gyXQ/s1600/P2260985-1.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<br />
<div style="text-align: left;">
The office was restored in 1987.</div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgVTB1tQg1ZZ3aIZSllTfGUqTTdihy3HeAnJNYn9WLz1_T9E1J3lKc2Qc_6BjTDQGvcHCcM5AkpzUKyBCjQ2cz1PvzYgF67LHxCiAnpuw5eWY9tYB63AnvRBsTYH6PQ622jXgKfdj1E3bet/s1600/P2140692-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="250" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgVTB1tQg1ZZ3aIZSllTfGUqTTdihy3HeAnJNYn9WLz1_T9E1J3lKc2Qc_6BjTDQGvcHCcM5AkpzUKyBCjQ2cz1PvzYgF67LHxCiAnpuw5eWY9tYB63AnvRBsTYH6PQ622jXgKfdj1E3bet/s1600/P2140692-1.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
Law Office of Gabriel Duvall (1752-1844)<br />
In use circa 1814-1844</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
Restored by the Society of Mareen Duvall Desendants</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
Plaque placed by</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
Prince Georges County Historical Society </div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
September 19, 1987</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
HABS photographed the interior of the one-room office building.</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWsq3DB6rkylp6V6W3DjvYPVsnrqZXTxYi_5SgiKJ0PtSIgxhcRnHTKbfp8_h0aA5MpYqm-dva6G_-g9SgKpdLXdzGVkg6oAFOpF17pzNVcWN_DMdCSzrL3ZlVcaWoOvBD5JEmN6j0y1Qq/s1600/043607pu-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="280" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWsq3DB6rkylp6V6W3DjvYPVsnrqZXTxYi_5SgiKJ0PtSIgxhcRnHTKbfp8_h0aA5MpYqm-dva6G_-g9SgKpdLXdzGVkg6oAFOpF17pzNVcWN_DMdCSzrL3ZlVcaWoOvBD5JEmN6j0y1Qq/s1600/043607pu-1.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br />
<br />
Justice Duvall continued on the Supreme Court for 23 years. In 1832, he added this rear wing to Marietta.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhM561KqYXSTv8HmGct7cb_sLmM3q33vngvhcC9p5g-b92iJKUNVcqgwWwdDT1X3Y_6Dtz0ebNDV0vD3Ikb9ZoAbxSSELFdW_Rrz7gQlPXdgdoErK5szqV0sdtdbwsKwLxVC1AAWwmcHnUg/s1600/P2260752-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="315" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhM561KqYXSTv8HmGct7cb_sLmM3q33vngvhcC9p5g-b92iJKUNVcqgwWwdDT1X3Y_6Dtz0ebNDV0vD3Ikb9ZoAbxSSELFdW_Rrz7gQlPXdgdoErK5szqV0sdtdbwsKwLxVC1AAWwmcHnUg/s1600/P2260752-1.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<br />
In his later years on the bench, Justice Duvall became quite deaf and unable to follow oral argument. Duvall's biographer, <a href="http://msa.maryland.gov/megafile/msa/speccol/sc3500/sc3520/000300/000379/tif/baltz.tif" target="_blank">Shirley Baltz</a>, quotes this description of Duvall in his later years on the bench: "his head was white as a snow-bank, with a long white cue, hanging down to his waist." Balz continues, "Unable to hear the proceeding, at times he dozed on the bench, giving the impression of incompetency. Yet his letters of the time reveal his sharp awareness of the existing political situation and a reluctance to step aside to be replaced by someone whom he did not approve." He resigned in 1835 to make way for Roger B. Taney.<br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: left;">
Jane Gibbon Duvall died in 1834. Judge Duvall lived for ten more years and died in 1844 at age 92. He was buried in an unmarked grave at the "<a href="http://msa.maryland.gov/megafile/msa/stagsere/se1/se5/018000/018600/018676/pdf/msa_se5_18676.pdf" target="_blank">Wigwam Cemetery</a>" on the Wigwam farm, one of the Duvall family holdings. His estate included $54,208.06 in current money, 36 slaves, 271 oz of plate, 928 books, and 800 acres of land.<br />
<br />
In 1986, members of the Duvall family and all the above-ground markers were moved to a site just west of the house at Marietta. Judge Duvall's bones were laid out in the old Law Office while they were being identified by archaeologist Richard Mazzrole. This photo from the <a href="http://msa.maryland.gov/megafile/msa/speccol/sc3500/sc3520/000300/000379/tif/pgjournal12dec1986.tif" target="_blank">Prince George's Journal (Dec. 1983)</a> shows David Duvall of the Mareen Duvall Descendants examining Judge Duvall's skull in the Law Office.</div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmTOxs-TucYo39SpVCIJ57HWaWOCuDlSKXt1hzsXYAsVXZp7hd_FKZ5rnNXg-YUXoxQFdWKfgfEwWEJdEnghAdmqdmSEEuaeN_-REemEvzfYDYIL8EbWa4OizkTuTbDKlIvG5Xtr29Glr-/s1600/DavidDuvall%2526Skull.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="282" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmTOxs-TucYo39SpVCIJ57HWaWOCuDlSKXt1hzsXYAsVXZp7hd_FKZ5rnNXg-YUXoxQFdWKfgfEwWEJdEnghAdmqdmSEEuaeN_-REemEvzfYDYIL8EbWa4OizkTuTbDKlIvG5Xtr29Glr-/s1600/DavidDuvall%2526Skull.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
</div>
<br />
<div style="text-align: left;">
A 1987 <a href="http://msa.maryland.gov/megafile/msa/speccol/sc3500/sc3520/000300/000379/tif/evesun1987.tif" target="_blank">Baltimore Sun article</a> discussed the identification of the remains and records this remark by David Duvall: "Gabriel had a very sad private life. Two brothers were killed in the Revolutionary War. His first wife died shortly after the birth of his only son. His son died 15 years before him. His second wife also died before him. He never had a proper gravestone probably because most of his immediate family died before him."</div>
<br />
Judge Duvall now lies buried between his horse and his wife.<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimvr1sXt2eFWWc6Ml-x9FeNycwcGFqVkh83HHfR6HSde41varwolnBoqQfelsFZF01oxeTjwMVbHldWWk-nLnzv_K5cg5E5awsqnlq_HAWJw4J8CGzjYbgnVErmTlQqYFfqx0-OxSnZxa6/s1600/P2150023-1.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="316" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimvr1sXt2eFWWc6Ml-x9FeNycwcGFqVkh83HHfR6HSde41varwolnBoqQfelsFZF01oxeTjwMVbHldWWk-nLnzv_K5cg5E5awsqnlq_HAWJw4J8CGzjYbgnVErmTlQqYFfqx0-OxSnZxa6/s1600/P2150023-1.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The Horse, the Judge, and the Wife</td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNWC1ZyQa9NlwztWTpyojHpCp8wlcipICec9X9konwr8nxPS6US0pZhAjk5eTMwKdalxfn2Ld0ffGYw7W1BD5lmvgCoQQWLcTDai9ZrUwaAJ53sjHO9FlRvQBUK_P7T6F0YQsDT9PTpF_3/s1600/P2140915-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNWC1ZyQa9NlwztWTpyojHpCp8wlcipICec9X9konwr8nxPS6US0pZhAjk5eTMwKdalxfn2Ld0ffGYw7W1BD5lmvgCoQQWLcTDai9ZrUwaAJ53sjHO9FlRvQBUK_P7T6F0YQsDT9PTpF_3/s1600/P2140915-1.jpg" width="300" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b>Judge</b></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b> Duvall's</b></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b>Horse</b></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7_qxWcAvx_3ttN-zy5RBWog83UjOoKfYdMuoDL8IaV-2Sq-aU2y9Bx2m3SDNpgP7SudZBz27WNrBTmZmVWIVApYAhCPvSHm81_6bBr4Y2-EFxxiV_VGLmkMiA1064qDLgl4PtkTrVKAtz/s1600/P2140990-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7_qxWcAvx_3ttN-zy5RBWog83UjOoKfYdMuoDL8IaV-2Sq-aU2y9Bx2m3SDNpgP7SudZBz27WNrBTmZmVWIVApYAhCPvSHm81_6bBr4Y2-EFxxiV_VGLmkMiA1064qDLgl4PtkTrVKAtz/s1600/P2140990-1.jpg" width="308" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b>Gabriel Duvall</b></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
December 6, 1752</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
March 6, 1844</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
Justice of the </div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
United States Supreme Court</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
1812 --- 1835</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
Distinguished Public Servant</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
for More Than Sixty Years</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwCyPXxausz6Ih5QyKYdCr5qgql9C-KTiMAM_ZMPT-QgNpEtspyPrCCtFIULpZoUacD3FJsNTObIdhf9bCD97QohpiHGNcIyZvGP9ZAPk6V-7Bi5DplCXkD1Sq0WEdzN6JnTNT0Eh1hL3R/s1600/P2140757-1.jpg"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwCyPXxausz6Ih5QyKYdCr5qgql9C-KTiMAM_ZMPT-QgNpEtspyPrCCtFIULpZoUacD3FJsNTObIdhf9bCD97QohpiHGNcIyZvGP9ZAPk6V-7Bi5DplCXkD1Sq0WEdzN6JnTNT0Eh1hL3R/s1600/P2140757-1.jpg" width="300" /> </a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b>Jane Gibbon</b></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b>Duvall</b></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
August 8, 1757</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
April 17, 1834</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
Beloved Wife of</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
Gabriel Duvall</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
The headstones of Gabriel and Jane Duvall, and perhaps that of the judges horse, were erected in 1987, as part of a celebration of the 200th anniversary of the Constitutional Convention that Duvall had declined to attend, as the inscription on the back of Judge Duvall's headstone notes.</div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrSpRu1wUPRP0NNG3s6rDMidPQy-2BkkW6uOjA6bbDRc-oErEcnfk75jrX5TlevM3jcnmON7OwGb8YaUv1AK9UF_26ZSBqxsBCtIeNEe9kUStJHwKLukTh7tT4ADvWTX8kaHPAnryRC0WE/s1600/P2260727-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrSpRu1wUPRP0NNG3s6rDMidPQy-2BkkW6uOjA6bbDRc-oErEcnfk75jrX5TlevM3jcnmON7OwGb8YaUv1AK9UF_26ZSBqxsBCtIeNEe9kUStJHwKLukTh7tT4ADvWTX8kaHPAnryRC0WE/s1600/P2260727-1.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br />
Given by the</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
Prince George's County Committee for</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
The Bicentennial of the Constitution</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
Sept. 19, 1987</div>
<br />
Three other grave markers were moved from the Wigwam Cemetery at the same time.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQ9tiZtr8tntaC-1bQbigcJfHYVpv-un9QnbmffNZBvsK80-DgtcrqzGo_hY6bQUiBcLSxFdqgRRHiy3W7QQjn4O_gxidn-O6ZGO4qPsHOo5WC8oNv9-7TXgeetc16Igh2q62UQKdUAAMH/s1600/P2260700-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQ9tiZtr8tntaC-1bQbigcJfHYVpv-un9QnbmffNZBvsK80-DgtcrqzGo_hY6bQUiBcLSxFdqgRRHiy3W7QQjn4O_gxidn-O6ZGO4qPsHOo5WC8oNv9-7TXgeetc16Igh2q62UQKdUAAMH/s1600/P2260700-1.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<br />
Mary Gibbon was Mrs. Duvall's mother -- the Judge's mother-in-law.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh6SFEU3gq5_C9yD5BrHzRKVNtaGYb0aT-CbehEj1g9I1rPRBDXCExfrRW2lat4YCa3kiu5z37SYMp8poxwjfMv60mzRQ7iHmsvy4xOy-eiOZe7IPJUndpeEjQg3QTDhUsIzqg2fAFXO0KN/s1600/P2260706-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh6SFEU3gq5_C9yD5BrHzRKVNtaGYb0aT-CbehEj1g9I1rPRBDXCExfrRW2lat4YCa3kiu5z37SYMp8poxwjfMv60mzRQ7iHmsvy4xOy-eiOZe7IPJUndpeEjQg3QTDhUsIzqg2fAFXO0KN/s1600/P2260706-1.jpg" width="250" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b>Mrs. Mary Gibbon</b><br />
<i>A native of Philadelphia</i><br />
O B 8th August 1810<br />
AE t 80</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
Col. Edmund B. Duvall was the Judge's only son.</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjzm3yb_wuRoXk_ouCO6s2PRghx75Hge9_CXV_NHdmF38tXUiIwrIuDFGUMnC7nw6RvtZfyP9I51MroxVubB31GXYHnjUWxKyfTA-2fQpvKub_iPGirSQ64MKrOqq1Y_qheu-9Obf_f60NQ/s1600/P2260716-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjzm3yb_wuRoXk_ouCO6s2PRghx75Hge9_CXV_NHdmF38tXUiIwrIuDFGUMnC7nw6RvtZfyP9I51MroxVubB31GXYHnjUWxKyfTA-2fQpvKub_iPGirSQ64MKrOqq1Y_qheu-9Obf_f60NQ/s1600/P2260716-1.jpg" width="215" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
Erected<br />
to the memory of<br />
<b>Col. Edmund B. Duvall</b><br />
only son<br />
of Judge Duvall,<br />
he departed this life<br />
on the 5th of February<br />
1831<br />
Regretted by all who knew him</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
Edmund and Augusta Duvall's 4-year-old daughter, Mary, and their two-year-old son, Gabriel, died within a day of each other in 1825.</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHZGjz8A_tCB8T_PvryJfHrrWcGQ24Vn3ilphMO_pfI-SkBC3L_lzt_lJriQXxV-fVTiHCal_zWUQfzCISaHpA3oc7sJuSd4rV9tLzo4qT86ZE87lCCdDWUYzy5DWaDPMTmikiNhfmhKiA/s1600/P2260732-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHZGjz8A_tCB8T_PvryJfHrrWcGQ24Vn3ilphMO_pfI-SkBC3L_lzt_lJriQXxV-fVTiHCal_zWUQfzCISaHpA3oc7sJuSd4rV9tLzo4qT86ZE87lCCdDWUYzy5DWaDPMTmikiNhfmhKiA/s1600/P2260732-1.jpg" width="300" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
Sacred<br />
to the memory of<br />
<b>Mary Francis Duvall</b><br />
who died 10th June 1825<br />
aged 4 yrs. & 11 ms.<br />
--:--<br />
Also<br />
<b>Gabriel Duvall</b><br />
who died 11th June 1825<br />
Aged 2 yrs. & 4 ms. </div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br />
I certainly hope this post hasn't made Gabriel Duvall out to be interesting enough to damage his reputation for insignificance. <br />
<br />
<br /></div>
</div>
Allen Brownehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02871983840550191787noreply@blogger.com25626 Bell Station Road, Glenn Dale, MD 20769, USA38.966271 -76.799341000000027-38.4873285 117.96628399999997 90 88.435033999999973tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2073838520097258789.post-59739825007938119572014-03-02T07:00:00.002-05:002023-04-16T11:53:11.085-04:00Patty Cannon and the Tangent Line<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMg4-DlbOmLKBizRptYEX83CRLxXfQkukfLM9ZjgsRdD3pHyZpeSUMZdRyrLoXM-KQqSzvy2f_Tb-XwAK0cPzRja_Hb0vReTWk9KGmBU7ZGmM2fOBkxIBwPmwUHE-z8boWg1xn0dyKJ5_u/s1600/Patty.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMg4-DlbOmLKBizRptYEX83CRLxXfQkukfLM9ZjgsRdD3pHyZpeSUMZdRyrLoXM-KQqSzvy2f_Tb-XwAK0cPzRja_Hb0vReTWk9KGmBU7ZGmM2fOBkxIBwPmwUHE-z8boWg1xn0dyKJ5_u/s1600/Patty.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b>Kidnapping, Murder, and the Reverse Underground Railroad </b></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b>on Mason & Dixon's Line</b></div>
<br />
<a name='more'></a><br />
The tiny crossroads town of <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/place/38%C2%B038%2707.3%22N+75%C2%B042%2727.2%22W/@38.635372,-75.707548,15z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m2!3m1!1s0x0:0x0" target="_blank">Reliance</a> has two businesses (a convenience
store and a florist), two historical markers, and a Mason-Dixon boundary
monument. <br />
<br />
This 1939 Maryland State Roads Commission marker in Reliance has been criticized, debunked, supplemented, and corrected.<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwHoXbdfYe6FiK0GFBJMNVCsBj-C2gSYD29o8UyU-PrIyOmlE9CUtvMnYAXWYH284coBsrBpSEuEPN_Tf4PGTjPhzD-gGKQejz1fwhsyCigT1iMAzCcU-ki0M9Iy5VXYBV_ub9kWtprU0r/s1600/Photo12603o.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwHoXbdfYe6FiK0GFBJMNVCsBj-C2gSYD29o8UyU-PrIyOmlE9CUtvMnYAXWYH284coBsrBpSEuEPN_Tf4PGTjPhzD-gGKQejz1fwhsyCigT1iMAzCcU-ki0M9Iy5VXYBV_ub9kWtprU0r/s1600/Photo12603o.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">2007 photo by F. Robby, <a href="http://www.hmdb.org/marker.asp?marker=4384" target="_blank">HMdb</a></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b>Patty Cannon's House</b></div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
At Johnson's Cross Roads where the noted kidnapping group had
headquarters as described in George Alfred Townsend's novel "The
Entailed Hat". The house borders on Caroline and Dorchester Counties and
the State of Delaware.</blockquote>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
James W. Loewen, in his 1999 book <u>Lies Across America</u>, remarks that this marker is "the closest thing to a memory on the American landscape of the 'reverse underground railroad'...Other than 'kidnap' however, this marker conveys no hint of the reverse underground railroad." Loewen further suggests that "Delaware should put up a marker, right across the road which serves as the border between the two states, that tells how the Cannon-Johnson Gang owned land and houses on both sides.That way they could avoid arrest simply by crossing to the other side, where their legal pursuers had no jurisdiction." In fact, Delaware did put up a marker in 2012, and it tells the story more fully.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjTQ49EKbrERfq2uXXXxcln9OHRP7y6pDAyhQwjvsv-rg5aIyRjIGnlFomm1nqWXuZAtdMnRVnz0mv2xJNc7SM6Xc6nyfQhRdEawJTk56xdBzPk-2wVfM8U0Pq3pjRb0d38EbQZX0ix4ik_/s1600/P2250698-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjTQ49EKbrERfq2uXXXxcln9OHRP7y6pDAyhQwjvsv-rg5aIyRjIGnlFomm1nqWXuZAtdMnRVnz0mv2xJNc7SM6Xc6nyfQhRdEawJTk56xdBzPk-2wVfM8U0Pq3pjRb0d38EbQZX0ix4ik_/s1600/P2250698-1.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span class="leadinghead"></span>In the early 1800s the headquarters of
the notorious Cannon/Johnson Kidnapping Gang was located close to this
site. After the importation of African slaves was legally outlawed in
1808, demand for slave labor in the expanding states of the Deep South
continued to grow. The Cannon/Johnson Gang specialized in the criminal
kidnapping of free African-Americans for sale into slavery. Through
their secret network that stretched as far south as Alabama and
Mississippi, it is believed they abducted hundreds of persons of color
and sold them into slavery. Establishing their headquarters in three
different counties along this boundary of Delaware & Maryland, the
gang managed to avoid arrest by local government officials. Authorities
only took substantial action against the gang after they discovered
evidence of the murder of a white slave trader and the bodies of several
others, including a young child and a baby. Most of the gang escaped to
the Deep South, except for Patty Cannon, who was captured and
imprisoned in the Sussex County jail. Although controversy surrounds the
way she died in May 1829, it is believed that Cannon committed suicide
while awaiting trial for murder.
This memorial is dedicated to the victims of this evil enterprise, and
those who struggled against it.</blockquote>
</blockquote>
<div><a href="https://www.blogger.com/#">This video</a> makes it clear that Professor Kevin Brown, of Del. Tech. had the new marker erected in May of 2012 as an answer to Loewen's critique. Loewen himself appears in the video saying of the 1939 marker, "It never used the term slave or black or negro or anything else, never told anything about the story. It just had some weird things about Patty Cannon."</div><div><br /></div><div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: left;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
In 2004, the PBS history program <a href="http://www.pbs.org/opb/historydetectives/investigation/cannon-house/">History Detectives</a> looked into the truth of the 1939 marker. and documented that the house behind the marker is not in fact Patty Cannon's house.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_5velDXMR-rIeHLPqLv0DK7hXgBXZ-ytT8OK9W5ydhTCQHTOtfOscijCQrrANEwvmtHnSpLtTW1QyuznyyCe0GMoy0W0vU0Y-rDmnXsh01sTOCrGpU0-qDkemtEf3-1QefXp4Cbq37AZE/s1600/P2250671-2.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_5velDXMR-rIeHLPqLv0DK7hXgBXZ-ytT8OK9W5ydhTCQHTOtfOscijCQrrANEwvmtHnSpLtTW1QyuznyyCe0GMoy0W0vU0Y-rDmnXsh01sTOCrGpU0-qDkemtEf3-1QefXp4Cbq37AZE/s1600/P2250671-2.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">6070 Reliance Road</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
Although this house is on property once owned by Patty Cannon, her house burned down in 1948. The MD inventory of Historic Properties in 1977 said that "Nothing remains above ground of the house in which Patty Cannon dwelled north of Reliance in Caroline County... There is a claim that Patty Cannon's house is located at the intersection of Route 577 and 392, however this does not coincide with accounts that parts of her house were located in both Maryland and Delaware. It was Johnson's Tavern." The illustrated edition of "The Entailed Hat" includes this picture of Johnson's Tavern. <br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEifNLMO3z4fWXn6CKv63eNfTvv43uj0bgd4XhD_l-obkPWv-Db_UO85JVe9rxaB4_z5EQCIMgZG-l75470BCHYxw6rKxYvq6Z4myz7BZaWJ6ItGWidnuq0WCs8Lzjy7Sl3xUpCu3cmTeefk/s1600/Johnson's+Tavern.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="373" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEifNLMO3z4fWXn6CKv63eNfTvv43uj0bgd4XhD_l-obkPWv-Db_UO85JVe9rxaB4_z5EQCIMgZG-l75470BCHYxw6rKxYvq6Z4myz7BZaWJ6ItGWidnuq0WCs8Lzjy7Sl3xUpCu3cmTeefk/s1600/Johnson's+Tavern.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<br />
The town itself was called Johnson's Cross Roads in the 19th century; the name was later changed to escape the infamy of the Cannon/Johnson Gang.<br />
<br />
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=6LfAGeUd5z4C&lpg=PA52&ots=-BV1t5rskj&dq=Patty%20Cannon%27s%20Skull&pg=PA50#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank">Ecenbarger</a> in 2000 quoted owner Jack Messick, "The timber and beams [of the old tavern] were used to build the present house about 1880, and it was remodeled in 1954. You can tell the beams were handhewn because you can see the marks from the adze. People occasionally knock on the door. Mostly they're interested in history or high school students working on a term paper. Once in awhile somebody's looking for dungeons and bloodstains, There have been a lot of rumors over the years of ghosts in the house, but we have no evidence of that."<br />
<br />
Perhaps in response to the History Detectives, the words "nearby stood" have been added to the marker.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgcmBNpRJ0d6w8F6MdkDqTLrPZtdgToDrgw8e_yNWgIpIpTGNRvzPx1GwPPRUMT7SZc8H4HWAmKMdrlgTu4rcrTWKzPuFpn7EnmmLdBh9mvHsTliLJYIwH9dYCWXAibdB-t_F_IhZ7LTQzu/s1600/P2250755-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="387" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgcmBNpRJ0d6w8F6MdkDqTLrPZtdgToDrgw8e_yNWgIpIpTGNRvzPx1GwPPRUMT7SZc8H4HWAmKMdrlgTu4rcrTWKzPuFpn7EnmmLdBh9mvHsTliLJYIwH9dYCWXAibdB-t_F_IhZ7LTQzu/s1600/P2250755-1.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: left;">
Patty Cannon has become the subject of a sizable body of sensational folklore. As the marker notes, she is a major character in George Alfred Townsend's novel <u>The Entailed Hat</u>. In 1841, a highly sensationalized book was published entitled <a href="http://murderpedia.org/female.C/images/cannon_patty/patty-cannon-confessions.pdf" target="_blank"><u>Narrative and Confessions of Lucretia P. Cannon</u></a>, copyrighted by Erastus Barclay and Clinton Jackson. The name "Lucretia" seems to be the invention of Barclay and Jackson. As <a href="http://drum.lib.umd.edu/bitstream/1903/13696/2/Sober_ResearchPaper.pdf" target="_blank">Samuel Sober</a> puts it, "The literature on Patty Cannon, member of the infamous Cannon-Johnson Gang whom the Narrative and Confessions is based on, began as factual accounts prior to 1830, shifted towards sensationalism in the late 1830s, and arrived at almost pure fictional “true-crime” with the 1841 Narrative and Confessions."</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
This illustration and account of Patty Cannon burning a black child to death appeared in the Confessions:</div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgodFRCaKl5nLlxR-6pTFWykQiIBzGoxmT_7_WbdCpMM_WxQby9T8R2EyCXaCW2Mvc3FI68jo_4lc7xXGTpnHTAxqtjmnWWsPxN-JScwsdLEmqPrr10zLMLagpNx35vbODtEMnsQfdUxOBb/s1600/Page+16-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="386" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgodFRCaKl5nLlxR-6pTFWykQiIBzGoxmT_7_WbdCpMM_WxQby9T8R2EyCXaCW2Mvc3FI68jo_4lc7xXGTpnHTAxqtjmnWWsPxN-JScwsdLEmqPrr10zLMLagpNx35vbODtEMnsQfdUxOBb/s1600/Page+16-1.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Courier; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">On </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Courier; mso-bidi-font-size: 8.0pt;">one </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Courier; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt;">occasion </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Courier; mso-bidi-font-size: 8.0pt;">one </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Courier; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt;">of </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Courier; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.0pt;">the </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Courier; mso-bidi-font-size: 8.0pt;">negro </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Courier; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">women </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Courier; mso-bidi-font-size: 8.5pt;">had </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Courier; mso-bidi-font-size: 8.0pt;">a </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Courier; mso-bidi-font-size: 5.5pt;">little </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Courier; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.0pt;">child </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Courier; mso-bidi-font-size: 8.0pt;">about </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Courier; mso-bidi-font-size: 6.5pt;">five </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Courier; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt;">years </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Courier; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.0pt;">old </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Courier; mso-bidi-font-size: 8.5pt;">sometimes </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Courier; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.0pt;">subject
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Courier; mso-bidi-font-size: 6.5pt;">to </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Courier; mso-bidi-font-size: 5.0pt;">fits, </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Courier; mso-bidi-font-size: 8.5pt;">and </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Courier; mso-bidi-font-size: 6.5pt;">in </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Courier; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt;">these </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Courier; mso-bidi-font-size: 5.5pt;">fits </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Courier; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.0pt;">the child </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Courier; mso-bidi-font-size: 8.0pt;">used </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Courier; mso-bidi-font-size: 6.0pt;">to </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Courier; mso-bidi-font-size: 8.5pt;">scream </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Courier; mso-bidi-font-size: 6.0pt;">in </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Courier; mso-bidi-font-size: 8.0pt;">a </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Courier; mso-bidi-font-size: 6.5pt;">terrible </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Courier; mso-bidi-font-size: 8.5pt;">manner. </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Courier; mso-bidi-font-size: 6.0pt;">It </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Courier; mso-bidi-font-size: 8.5pt;">happening </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Courier; mso-bidi-font-size: 6.0pt;">to </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Courier; mso-bidi-font-size: 8.5pt;">have </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Courier; mso-bidi-font-size: 8.0pt;">one </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Courier; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt;">of </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Courier; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.0pt;">these </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Courier; mso-bidi-font-size: 5.5pt;">fits </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Courier; mso-bidi-font-size: 8.0pt;">while </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Courier; mso-bidi-font-size: 6.0pt;">in </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Courier; mso-bidi-font-size: 8.0pt;">Lucretia </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Courier; mso-bidi-font-size: 8.5pt;">Cannon's </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Courier; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt;">house, she
became </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Courier; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.0pt;">so </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Courier; mso-bidi-font-size: 8.0pt;">enraged </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Courier; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">upon </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Courier; mso-bidi-font-size: 8.0pt;">hearing </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Courier; mso-bidi-font-size: 5.5pt;">its </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Courier; mso-bidi-font-size: 6.5pt;">cries, </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Courier; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.0pt;">that </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Courier; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt;">she flew </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Courier; mso-bidi-font-size: 6.5pt;">at </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Courier; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.0pt;">the </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Courier; mso-bidi-font-size: 6.5pt;">child, </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Courier; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt;">tearing </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Courier; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.0pt;">the clothes
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Courier; mso-bidi-font-size: 8.5pt;">from</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Courier; mso-bidi-font-size: 5.5pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Courier; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.0pt;">off the </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Courier; mso-bidi-font-size: 8.0pt;">poor </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Courier; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt;">victim of her wrath, beating </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Courier; mso-bidi-font-size: 5.0pt;">it </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Courier; mso-bidi-font-size: 6.5pt;">at </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Courier; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt;">the </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Courier; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt;">same</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Courier; mso-bidi-font-size: 5.5pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Courier; mso-bidi-font-size: 8.0pt;">time </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Courier; mso-bidi-font-size: 6.5pt;">in </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Courier; mso-bidi-font-size: 8.0pt;">a </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Courier; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt;">dreadful </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Courier; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">manner</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Courier; mso-bidi-font-size: 3.0pt;">; </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Courier; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt;">and, </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Courier; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.0pt;">as </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Courier; mso-bidi-font-size: 5.5pt;">if </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Courier; mso-bidi-font-size: 6.5pt;">this </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Courier; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt;">was </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Courier; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt;">not </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Courier; mso-bidi-font-size: 8.5pt;">enough </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Courier; mso-bidi-font-size: 6.5pt;">to satisfy </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Courier; mso-bidi-font-size: 8.0pt;">her </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Courier; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">more </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Courier; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt;">than </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Courier; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.0pt;">brutal
disposition, </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Courier; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt;">the </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Courier; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.0pt;">child </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Courier; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt;">con</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Courier; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.0pt;">tinuing </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Courier; mso-bidi-font-size: 5.5pt;">its </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Courier; mso-bidi-font-size: 6.0pt;">cries, </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Courier; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt;">she </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Courier; mso-bidi-font-size: 8.0pt;">caught </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Courier; mso-bidi-font-size: 5.0pt;">it </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Courier; mso-bidi-font-size: 8.5pt;">up and </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Courier; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt;">held </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Courier; mso-bidi-font-size: 5.5pt;">its </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Courier; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.0pt;">face </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Courier; mso-bidi-font-size: 6.5pt;">to </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Courier; mso-bidi-font-size: 8.0pt;">a </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Courier; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt;">hot </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Courier; mso-bidi-font-size: 5.5pt;">fire, </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Courier; mso-bidi-font-size: 8.5pt;">and </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Courier; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt;">thus </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Courier; mso-bidi-font-size: 8.0pt;">scorched </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Courier; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.0pt;">the child </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Courier; mso-bidi-font-size: 6.5pt;">to </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Courier; mso-bidi-font-size: 8.0pt;">death </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Courier; mso-bidi-font-size: 6.5pt;">in </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Courier; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt;">her </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Courier; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">own </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Courier; mso-bidi-font-size: 8.5pt;">hands </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Courier; mso-bidi-font-size: 8.0pt;">burning </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Courier; mso-bidi-font-size: 5.5pt;">its </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Courier; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.0pt;">face </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Courier; mso-bidi-font-size: 6.5pt;">to </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Courier; mso-bidi-font-size: 8.0pt;">a </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Courier; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.0pt;">cinder, </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Courier; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt;">she then </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Courier; mso-bidi-font-size: 8.5pt;">threw </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Courier; mso-bidi-font-size: 5.0pt;">it </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Courier; mso-bidi-font-size: 6.5pt;">in </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Courier; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.0pt;">the </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Courier; mso-bidi-font-size: 8.0pt;">cave </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Courier; mso-bidi-font-size: 6.5pt;">in </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Courier; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.0pt;">the </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Courier; mso-bidi-font-size: 6.5pt;">cellar.</span></blockquote>
</blockquote>
<b>Patty Cannon's Skull</b><br />
<br />
As noted above, Patty Cannon died in a Delaware jail in 1829, perhaps by her own hand. She was buried in the yard of the jail. When the jail was expanded in 1907, her remains were exhumed to make way for a new parking lot. At that time, Patty Cannon's skull was stolen by James Marsh, a Sussex deputy sheriff who gave it to a friend, Charles Joseph. Joseph hung the skull on a nail in his barn. His son Alfred Joseph gave it to the Dover Public Library where it was displayed yearly on Halloween.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0SUWlsWt2-ibnV7tMrCeJkqLpgKC2nDVH1RbyMHdGP45jroH04tuwOswLdcZ9bTccX5u563XMZfrXAiiOFtjuoEthaW1P3dIvYV0BStWfbS69z2wEX3n8IpiwiWAKgSzCBX76SuCm9qsm/s1600/bilde.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="279" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0SUWlsWt2-ibnV7tMrCeJkqLpgKC2nDVH1RbyMHdGP45jroH04tuwOswLdcZ9bTccX5u563XMZfrXAiiOFtjuoEthaW1P3dIvYV0BStWfbS69z2wEX3n8IpiwiWAKgSzCBX76SuCm9qsm/s1600/bilde.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<div class="MsoNormal">
The skull of notorious kidnapper and killer Patty Cannon,
shown in a 1977 News Journal photo, for many years was put on public display at
Halloween. -- <a href="http://www.delawareonline.com/article/20131029/NEWS12/310290058/Delaware-backstory-Cannon-s-skull-now-spends-Halloween-Smithsonian" target="_blank">Delaware Backstory</a><b><br /></b></div>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
<br />
Independently of the 20th century misdirection, images of Patty Cannon's Skull appeared in a number of 19th century phrenological works used to demonstrate her congenital depravity. This illustration is from "<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=09cLAAAAIAAJ&dq=How%20to%20study%20strangers&pg=PA44#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank">How to Study Strangers</a>" by Nelson Sizer, 1895.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_o9wPU7UkogQE-CZ73XPHydYY-YiHWErz7oWyXG1RJ4QxpXfXbtkbe48xtDi_rwyw-aw_8iw_VXcQ6rKDse-dC93Qcs8s-E_ij-47VZxUDGHslPKXTQnBIR0q4yOE6-EltZOPWMyeQ9nC/s1600/Patty+Cannon-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_o9wPU7UkogQE-CZ73XPHydYY-YiHWErz7oWyXG1RJ4QxpXfXbtkbe48xtDi_rwyw-aw_8iw_VXcQ6rKDse-dC93Qcs8s-E_ij-47VZxUDGHslPKXTQnBIR0q4yOE6-EltZOPWMyeQ9nC/s1600/Patty+Cannon-1.jpg" width="305" /></a></div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
Patty Cannon had a fine intellect, small veneration and powerful passions. She lived in Maryland, near the line of Delaware. She was at the head of gang of desparados who stole slaves and run them south, was arrested for many murders, and committed suicide in jail about 1830. </blockquote>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
<br />
The skull is now on long-term loan to the Smithsonian.<br />
<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:WordDocument>
<w:View>Normal</w:View>
<w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom>
<w:TrackMoves/>
<w:TrackFormatting/>
<w:PunctuationKerning/>
<w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/>
<w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>
<w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent>
<w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>
<w:DoNotPromoteQF/>
<w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther>
<w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian>
<w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript>
<w:Compatibility>
<w:BreakWrappedTables/>
<w:SnapToGridInCell/>
<w:WrapTextWithPunct/>
<w:UseAsianBreakRules/>
<w:DontGrowAutofit/>
<w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/>
<w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp/>
<w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables/>
<w:DontVertAlignInTxbx/>
<w:Word11KerningPairs/>
<w:CachedColBalance/>
</w:Compatibility>
<m:mathPr>
<m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/>
<m:brkBin m:val="before"/>
<m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/>
<m:smallFrac m:val="off"/>
<m:dispDef/>
<m:lMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:rMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/>
<m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/>
<m:intLim m:val="subSup"/>
<m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/>
</m:mathPr></w:WordDocument>
</xml><![endif]--></blockquote>
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"
DefSemiHidden="true" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99"
LatentStyleCount="267">
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" QFormat="true" Name="caption"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="59" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
</w:LatentStyles>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]>
<style>
/* Style Definitions */
table.MsoNormalTable
{mso-style-name:"Table Normal";
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-qformat:yes;
mso-style-parent:"";
mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;
mso-para-margin-top:0in;
mso-para-margin-right:0in;
mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt;
mso-para-margin-left:0in;
line-height:115%;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;}
</style>
<![endif]--><b>The Tangent Line</b><br />
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
The Cannon/Johnson gang are said to have taken advantage of their location on the boundary of Maryland and Delaware to avoid both Delaware and Maryland authorities. The Delaware-Maryland boundary here is the tangent line drawn by Mason and Dixon in 1764-5. Mason and Dixon marked this spot with a wooden post on July 5th, 1764, and placed this oolitic limestone marker at the crossroads in 1765. It was the twelfth mile marker on the tangent line connecting <a href="http://allenbrowne.blogspot.com/2011/06/middle-point.html" target="_blank">the center point</a> of the Delmarva Peninsula and the circular boundary around New Castle. </div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEikVcPl-b3dgwSj7bfEI3RQsmwBhAJShSnQWvg4fz7Wg7Z_wBiiN8GpRo8noMAKi_KWMqebR-zxk1WddFkHJWdX6aoG3g9a_c4j0xbakVJoHOHbf1VDY4KfC8CQ2pvpPXPS2jCdlqAshLAk/s1600/P2250848-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEikVcPl-b3dgwSj7bfEI3RQsmwBhAJShSnQWvg4fz7Wg7Z_wBiiN8GpRo8noMAKi_KWMqebR-zxk1WddFkHJWdX6aoG3g9a_c4j0xbakVJoHOHbf1VDY4KfC8CQ2pvpPXPS2jCdlqAshLAk/s1600/P2250848-1.jpg" width="480" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br />
The historical marker at <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/place/38%C2%B040%2740.0%22N+75%C2%B042%2738.0%22W/@38.6777778,-75.7105556,15z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m2!3m1!1s0x0:0x0" target="_blank">Oak Grove Crownstone</a>, three miles north along the North Oak Grove Road, explains the tangent line.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgosO1aQgbbmes00K5lXj8e-J_3pT_TEZ2-cs7n3TH9iKL22kDQfd8lJ9aPlt9I3WaNdusHYfK7hBSj793hPXprxoIK8xjvgDXFEbvnHnazYq8OBAXHUUXZGnsS_ovlT3_LSKUxbAoAXbV1/s1600/P2250792-2.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgosO1aQgbbmes00K5lXj8e-J_3pT_TEZ2-cs7n3TH9iKL22kDQfd8lJ9aPlt9I3WaNdusHYfK7hBSj793hPXprxoIK8xjvgDXFEbvnHnazYq8OBAXHUUXZGnsS_ovlT3_LSKUxbAoAXbV1/s1600/P2250792-2.jpg" width="473" /></a></div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
Charged with marking the long-disputed boundaries of the colonies of Maryland and Pennsylvania (including the “Three Lower Counties” of Delaware), English astronomers Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon landed in America on November 15, 1763. The following June they traveled to a place on the Delmarva Peninsula which had been previously determined to be mid-way between the Atlantic Ocean and the Chesapeake Bay. Known as the Middle Point, it is now the southwest corner of the State of Delaware. From there they journeyed northward, proceeding with the painstaking task of surveying a line to intersect with a location 12 miles distant from the Town of New Castle. Temporary wooden markers were placed at one-mile intervals. On July 6, 1764, they arrived here, fifteen miles north of their place of beginning. In December 1765 they returned to this area to replace the temporary markers with stones imported from England. At intermediate mile points the stones were marked with the letters P and M on reverse sides. At every five-mile point the stones were engraved with the coats of arms of the Calvert and Penn families, proprietors of the colonies. Mason and Dixon completed their work in January 1768. The boundaries were formally approved in 1775. </blockquote>
</div>
</blockquote>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTOLBImgl4-Azq44AkncEI-s9c2EsFffJBVz0HJc79oo_W9yVEwOBihc15-4EdBwJL98Rp8sKAHzV2JixJUQq2Z94gOA-5gmRd16iFZehNUUuCGgdIUUOvyi51DOLv5ij7tEUJ7JPVSzQ1/s1600/P2250775-1-3.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="265" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTOLBImgl4-Azq44AkncEI-s9c2EsFffJBVz0HJc79oo_W9yVEwOBihc15-4EdBwJL98Rp8sKAHzV2JixJUQq2Z94gOA-5gmRd16iFZehNUUuCGgdIUUOvyi51DOLv5ij7tEUJ7JPVSzQ1/s1600/P2250775-1-3.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The Oak Grove Crown Stone (two views)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
The 12-mile stone was hidden in the tall grass when I visited; only the orange witness post pointed to its location. I tramped the grass down to get these photos. The stone is right next to the Delaware Historical Marker...<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_DJ5kGtInLFqjwKbZeTf-SY-X5eRSfxXzrzWNXZRymUtnqb31lNQB4hZbH69fZGCj2IO_hNuPnAO4RxeOzaB0k-2n7GN1L-QP57J5NjUEJjUI8sJfIa7UUNqv_QKZE7NOcuq9VQ30KtDq/s1600/P2250851-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_DJ5kGtInLFqjwKbZeTf-SY-X5eRSfxXzrzWNXZRymUtnqb31lNQB4hZbH69fZGCj2IO_hNuPnAO4RxeOzaB0k-2n7GN1L-QP57J5NjUEJjUI8sJfIa7UUNqv_QKZE7NOcuq9VQ30KtDq/s1600/P2250851-1.jpg" width="480" /></a></div>
<br />
...and across the street (Reliance Road) from the house that's not Patty Cannon's house.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLW5uFiS7Fo0otWW71I5N8rHF2hwD_0Lx7zIdlYoyHePGlmWuOSsTaTrnC9CxVn9hDgwRejZabaiebHDhhTnlPw_vxfY23E1S4A3OQlB0UZI8jGW8hyphenhyphenKNrP0zQB6GVRyiAWhRheRERt-d4/s1600/P2250856-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLW5uFiS7Fo0otWW71I5N8rHF2hwD_0Lx7zIdlYoyHePGlmWuOSsTaTrnC9CxVn9hDgwRejZabaiebHDhhTnlPw_vxfY23E1S4A3OQlB0UZI8jGW8hyphenhyphenKNrP0zQB6GVRyiAWhRheRERt-d4/s1600/P2250856-1.jpg" width="480" /></a></div>
<br />
Here's the spot (marked with a red dot) on Mason and Dixon's 1768 <a href="http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.gmd/g3841f.ct002075" target="_blank">strip map</a>.</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjy5agBBsS0WfQssZ8_VMib-LULMWcK3yY-Kl2uwqYs1BcPqVBY921dpy8rDMnaQbdyP-R_GJt8gAMK6bd6E5CXD9xNTr77sOJcVZgZrDwUpMyPSgoXOU9nmUshJ9iq0pYtTGBkH8ujbeTy/s1600/Reliance-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjy5agBBsS0WfQssZ8_VMib-LULMWcK3yY-Kl2uwqYs1BcPqVBY921dpy8rDMnaQbdyP-R_GJt8gAMK6bd6E5CXD9xNTr77sOJcVZgZrDwUpMyPSgoXOU9nmUshJ9iq0pYtTGBkH8ujbeTy/s1600/Reliance-1.jpg" width="386" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br />
The stone is not exactly where Mason and Dixon left it. It was buried under State Line Road when that road was paved in 1951 and was moved in 1976 to its <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/place/38%C2%B038%2707.7%22N+75%C2%B042%2726.9%22W/@38.6354722,-75.7074722,15z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m2!3m1!1s0x0:0x0" target="_blank">current location</a> in the front yard of <a href="http://getflowersfrom.us/" target="_blank">John's Four Seasons Florist</a> at 6102 Finchville Reliance Road. The<span id="goog_981855150"></span><a href="http://www.geocaching.com/mark/datasheet.aspx?PID=HU2032" target="_blank"> USGS Datasheet<span id="goog_981855151"></span></a> tells the story this way:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
Described by National Geodetic Survey 1976 (CLN) The Old Maryland-Delaware boundary monument number 12 was found in the prone position about 3-feet below the surface of the State Line Road. It was placed there by the Delaware Highway Department, when the road was paved in 1951. It was dug up at this date and reset 134 meters to the North and out of the Roadway. The monument has been broken halfway in two sometime in the past. and set in a large concrete base.</blockquote>
</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGH1ZHDjwAVzXvGAyew2HURrMvq6sIb9pfs2TePc35Me0xi_0aCibaHbQYZ6jZf8vFb04nTy7RgN-tDdHefbY5qmz2EGyZ9Wg6rD6FGC8yy7ArfHGBwZX78cGrDaz8vxfHI9WAdvsIsNLp/s1600/P2250846-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGH1ZHDjwAVzXvGAyew2HURrMvq6sIb9pfs2TePc35Me0xi_0aCibaHbQYZ6jZf8vFb04nTy7RgN-tDdHefbY5qmz2EGyZ9Wg6rD6FGC8yy7ArfHGBwZX78cGrDaz8vxfHI9WAdvsIsNLp/s1600/P2250846-1.jpg" width="480" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmz31_AmvlFzyl4rnnihH9tVRDSRkmD3XTLTkbAOLaoF_OrQ3riKqGbiA0FSdzEX_nCZiWkQHGblnPAuifXAxplggVcrlk7HMB2cidOCVkOE8WI5zaIxlPtzt9Q9Dy35t0ajFy6at3QGxO/s1600/P2250858-1-3.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="197" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmz31_AmvlFzyl4rnnihH9tVRDSRkmD3XTLTkbAOLaoF_OrQ3riKqGbiA0FSdzEX_nCZiWkQHGblnPAuifXAxplggVcrlk7HMB2cidOCVkOE8WI5zaIxlPtzt9Q9Dy35t0ajFy6at3QGxO/s1600/P2250858-1-3.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<br /></div>
</div>
</div>Allen Brownehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02871983840550191787noreply@blogger.com66070 Reliance Road, Federalsburg, MD 21632, USA38.635941 -75.70912099999998213.113906500000002 -117.01771499999998 64.1579755 -34.400526999999983tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2073838520097258789.post-76487071802564520452014-02-25T05:34:00.008-05:002023-12-10T08:12:32.622-05:00Wheeling was the Capital of Virginia<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhTXPkxqFvBy9dPaQD2mubwxrK_LP214ePnrvyeIWuR7nPL1po4EG0Z3GOGJLpNZj9dmhGqUopzuEyoa2PnY6-sKtFuCcwls6e54-1eVjaKf02o6KZbxSXen9cbw1upK6hGlYTrBqtR3mLJ/s1600/P2200348-3.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhTXPkxqFvBy9dPaQD2mubwxrK_LP214ePnrvyeIWuR7nPL1po4EG0Z3GOGJLpNZj9dmhGqUopzuEyoa2PnY6-sKtFuCcwls6e54-1eVjaKf02o6KZbxSXen9cbw1upK6hGlYTrBqtR3mLJ/s1600/P2200348-3.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Sic Semper Tyrannis -- Liberty and Union</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
During the Civil War, the capital of Virginia was the city of Wheeling in the northern panhandle of what is now West Virginia. <br />
<a name='more'></a><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>Wheeling</b></span><br />
<br />
Two governments claimed to be the government of Virginia during the Civil War -- the Confederate government in Richmond headed by <a href="http://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/media_player?mets_filename=evm00000813mets.xml" target="_blank">John Letcher,</a> and the loyal government in Wheeling headed by <a href="http://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/Pierpont_Francis_H_1814-1899#start_entry" target="_blank">Francis H. Pierpont</a>. The latter was the legal government of Virginia as recognized by the United States. <br />
<br />
From June 1861 to December 1863, the government of Virginia met in the old Custom House in Wheeling.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEga_Veu4EIl3DydiVwzAmEsMaNJ0XORjQd87Dqmk8Tx_o8qaQCHpnJXJfzvTmse_4JvrZVQwSnEHOUidzRsivtOI8xNTzYXlQmS4IkwwRRXqFaJdS5fsutcRPCYMuoE7U9usFgau0yZ6c5Y/s1600/P2190379-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="305" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEga_Veu4EIl3DydiVwzAmEsMaNJ0XORjQd87Dqmk8Tx_o8qaQCHpnJXJfzvTmse_4JvrZVQwSnEHOUidzRsivtOI8xNTzYXlQmS4IkwwRRXqFaJdS5fsutcRPCYMuoE7U9usFgau0yZ6c5Y/s1600/P2190379-1.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<br />
When the government of Virginia in Richmond seceded from the Union in 1861, the state's loyal citizens met in Washington Hall in Wheeling on May 13-14, 1861, to discuss the situation. Washington Hall was located where the Laconia Building is today at Market and 12th Streets in Wheeling. <br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhiN8dIawtAHJk__ykjRHMnZ2snak7akpMRKtvc4rrU2QFpz-2yHg-R4dfl7Hyi9mCEpKzX0SfhvL1T7VLosAaDgHGc9QtPmeqMiVK5AlBQDmyePG-ooxqMlZ6DGVgcXta3GaYJ957Aw8CY/s1600/P2200209-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhiN8dIawtAHJk__ykjRHMnZ2snak7akpMRKtvc4rrU2QFpz-2yHg-R4dfl7Hyi9mCEpKzX0SfhvL1T7VLosAaDgHGc9QtPmeqMiVK5AlBQDmyePG-ooxqMlZ6DGVgcXta3GaYJ957Aw8CY/s1600/P2200209-1.jpg" width="441" /></a></div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-size: small;">"This building stood on the northeast corner of Market and Monroe
streets -- now Market and Twelfth streets -- Wheeling. Within it, on the
second floor, the Conventions of 1861, which re-organized the
Government of Virginia and provided for the formation of West Virginia,
held their sessions. It was erected in 1851 by a corporation known as
the Washington Hall Association, at a cost of $46, 000. It was first
opened on January 1853, when citizens of Wheeling gave a banquet in
honor of the President of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, together with
his guests from the City of Baltimore and the States of Virginia and
Maryland, who arrived at the City of Wheeling on that date, having been
carried thither by the first train from the Atlantic Ocean to the Ohio
River. It was totally destroyed by fire November 30, 1876."
</span></blockquote>
The feelings of these loyal Virginians on the subject of Southern Secession is well expressed by this cartoon.<br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjnVhz8uy3E8BkQfZHkX4HwEj9dEVSTWiwwgJXYOPR4d4sWCWq9OR0KEcNQc-EOVCGO3oZj1W8KuHXeso5vDWYSGDRaIzJtGwekbnUDPQZlHk3to__vdgJlfbB5Y2AdIu599MWCMHglXyt0/s1600/Va_secession_vote-1.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="347" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjnVhz8uy3E8BkQfZHkX4HwEj9dEVSTWiwwgJXYOPR4d4sWCWq9OR0KEcNQc-EOVCGO3oZj1W8KuHXeso5vDWYSGDRaIzJtGwekbnUDPQZlHk3to__vdgJlfbB5Y2AdIu599MWCMHglXyt0/s1600/Va_secession_vote-1.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">How Virginia was voted out of the Union, <span class="caption"><i>Harper's Weekly</i><br />15 June 1861</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<br />
The second Wheeling Convention met on June 11 in the Federal Custom House, and on June 20th declared the secession of Virginia from the Union to be illegal, null and void.<br />
<br />
This banner erected by the art store next to the old Custom House illustrates the scene.<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhWiUdEcy6MsNgCmd2pVoSklSBIPm2nbNxHuf7F6x5QkE67p5t88pblREMl6BnFhTe8lzfyQzWjfZM504gM_lR0KIEtIL9-FzHnk0nkgqRs8uc3T_zNBzYh4Q5cyjey4BP-AHSl140_lGbn/s1600/P2190398-1.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhWiUdEcy6MsNgCmd2pVoSklSBIPm2nbNxHuf7F6x5QkE67p5t88pblREMl6BnFhTe8lzfyQzWjfZM504gM_lR0KIEtIL9-FzHnk0nkgqRs8uc3T_zNBzYh4Q5cyjey4BP-AHSl140_lGbn/s1600/P2190398-1.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">June 20, 1861</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
Leslie's published this picture of the Custom House with the U.S. flag flying over it. <br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjjsSVkBNqLfZREBhnHuUVvglop67MAVSl7aECIaP_zdRgTHTO92Li4QfKMOnEGRxyn7kelC2kBxYmNueTXsBctGsJpfbEj5z0MqodcJPqnOrEZfRz6-bpTjPF193AvGAxWqLjQyr-_xEPx/s1600/P2200210-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="395" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjjsSVkBNqLfZREBhnHuUVvglop67MAVSl7aECIaP_zdRgTHTO92Li4QfKMOnEGRxyn7kelC2kBxYmNueTXsBctGsJpfbEj5z0MqodcJPqnOrEZfRz6-bpTjPF193AvGAxWqLjQyr-_xEPx/s1600/P2200210-1.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<br />
Today, the building is a museum known as <a href="http://www.wvculture.org/museum/WVIHmod.html" target="_blank">West Virginia Independence Hall</a>. <br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjOUTiwB8n5VIFy7HMoM-nW1qklK9UuDol0UAQ79LBe3_GyCv3mivFQxu8uh1MdQImn_MCnnt7Nz51wJ13SMY8E1UajrW4q9q8z_YT1L3HJFqjw8Z10s0b4hYYsPmZokHE2l4ufVI_WBs78/s1600/P2190474-2.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjOUTiwB8n5VIFy7HMoM-nW1qklK9UuDol0UAQ79LBe3_GyCv3mivFQxu8uh1MdQImn_MCnnt7Nz51wJ13SMY8E1UajrW4q9q8z_YT1L3HJFqjw8Z10s0b4hYYsPmZokHE2l4ufVI_WBs78/s1600/P2190474-2.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">West Virginia Independence Hall, Wheeling</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br /><a href="https://archive.org/details/harpersweeklyv5bonn/page/417/mode/1up" target="_blank">
Harper's</a> had this picture of the constituent convention of Virginia in the Custom House in Wheeling.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiPzetf9kkcaws8dr1DBUV0-emlJdRIl2BBy8kmDmmab_EqHI9AKAGTHefs_fHNRdqdSJsJYELWhyILzVRdZLiz9TqH1mOpkSPKFMJZJnOnI7vdS8BWAzrDdWCrRZ76pthT75gmLRBdCt5moldQ1sQ67yV9QWRBBqD42Umtc-naHFVjpMSJC5L3t2NLEipJ/s3451/HarpersJul61861.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3451" data-original-width="2336" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiPzetf9kkcaws8dr1DBUV0-emlJdRIl2BBy8kmDmmab_EqHI9AKAGTHefs_fHNRdqdSJsJYELWhyILzVRdZLiz9TqH1mOpkSPKFMJZJnOnI7vdS8BWAzrDdWCrRZ76pthT75gmLRBdCt5moldQ1sQ67yV9QWRBBqD42Umtc-naHFVjpMSJC5L3t2NLEipJ/w434-h640/HarpersJul61861.jpg" width="434" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">Constituent Convention of Virginia, </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">Assembled in the Custom-House at Wheeling,</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span> </span>June 1861 -- Sketched by Jasper Green, Esq.</div>
<br />
The courtroom looks like this today.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiSeLk9kmcI1Ul8lJpg2rhCUMVeL7H_UoKnntOWFRZUwZzFuEI1lve9yjGoffuHcEeVkWxgNarccza-x6PCzTTM8fecdaqn7QldgU1K-uO0TxDhfSf_nDsJpJFYG3u48Ce8_oZJ7mx0JfGs/s1600/P2200227-1.jpg"><img border="0" height="315" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiSeLk9kmcI1Ul8lJpg2rhCUMVeL7H_UoKnntOWFRZUwZzFuEI1lve9yjGoffuHcEeVkWxgNarccza-x6PCzTTM8fecdaqn7QldgU1K-uO0TxDhfSf_nDsJpJFYG3u48Ce8_oZJ7mx0JfGs/s1600/P2200227-1.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<br />The first impulse of these Unionist Virginians was to secede from Virginia. Since most loyalist Virginians lived in the northwestern part of the state, they imagined a new state called New Virginia, or perhaps Kanawha, or perhaps even West Virginia.<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8V_Rt6BQn4RAKTowXsP8JKvuvFesoCqir-d-ZAlWuTmBFbI0xzU3EcXHs5va3IqfUwQVYGDU3YDGSY8ekEPQedqr2I9JchUszKGwfpu4g78Qf8A6cAhSNE5b_DzDllqX_r5gO_0jARORO/s1600/Proposed_state_of_kanawha-1.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8V_Rt6BQn4RAKTowXsP8JKvuvFesoCqir-d-ZAlWuTmBFbI0xzU3EcXHs5va3IqfUwQVYGDU3YDGSY8ekEPQedqr2I9JchUszKGwfpu4g78Qf8A6cAhSNE5b_DzDllqX_r5gO_0jARORO/s1600/Proposed_state_of_kanawha-1.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">This 1862 map calls the prospective state Kanawha</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<br />
But cooler voices like that of Waitman Willey pointed out that they could not constitutionally secede from Virginia without the permission of Virginia.<br />
<br />
(Clause 1 of <a href="http://www.annenbergclassroom.org/page/article-iv-section-3" target="_blank">Section 3</a>, <a href="http://www.law.cornell.edu/constitution/articleiv" target="_blank">Article 4</a> of the constitution says:<b><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></b><span style="font-size: small;"><i><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">New States may be admitted by the Congress into this Union; but no new
States shall be formed or erected within the Jurisdiction of any other
State; nor any State be formed by the Junction of two or more States, or
parts of States, without the Consent of the Legislatures of the States
concerned as well as of the Congress</span>.</i>)</span><br /> <br />Secession from seceded Virginia would be in Willey's words, "triple treason: treason against the United States, treason against Virginia, and treason against the Confederate States of America."<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
Instead, they established the <a href="http://www.virginiamemory.com/online_classroom/union_or_secession/unit/11/restored_government_of_virginia" target="_blank">Restored Government of Virginia</a> as the loyal government of the state with <a href="http://www.pierpont.edu/files/u91/files/pierpont_booklet.pdf" target="_blank">Francis H. Pierpont</a> as governor.<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHhES5qdKpIBVbjbihPjKvLCMhyphenhyphenlbvDr5boEdUFkvxXPsGHcefGGuedjRZ-W7uSXemvihRuAwK6IGrkdAAu3O_p8D8GdozTRW_e-uC3HRRmK1YH4P6ECbTWCXvEn90KxtKdBICEc4j2Gss/s1600/Francis_Pierpont_portrait.gif" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHhES5qdKpIBVbjbihPjKvLCMhyphenhyphenlbvDr5boEdUFkvxXPsGHcefGGuedjRZ-W7uSXemvihRuAwK6IGrkdAAu3O_p8D8GdozTRW_e-uC3HRRmK1YH4P6ECbTWCXvEn90KxtKdBICEc4j2Gss/s1600/Francis_Pierpont_portrait.gif" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Francis Harrison Pierpont, Governor of Virginia </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<br />
The office occupied by Governor Pierpont from the spring of 1861 to the fall of 1863 has been preserved in West Virginia Independence Hall. The desk and corner cupboard were the property of Francis Pierpont. <br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEheSBbfuwn8EOpTdVZF175d0_Dq6s21eLuGxToON3JMxrwjWF32mB35zO9RpdDFS8P1LhSMm3mAalM6FzqhQqIEvVxfOz3jXOsutucr2Ft9FEWQwL1HmbkuXiMfk_HCR2DSuwLqKI1txsY9/s1600/P2200241-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEheSBbfuwn8EOpTdVZF175d0_Dq6s21eLuGxToON3JMxrwjWF32mB35zO9RpdDFS8P1LhSMm3mAalM6FzqhQqIEvVxfOz3jXOsutucr2Ft9FEWQwL1HmbkuXiMfk_HCR2DSuwLqKI1txsY9/s1600/P2200241-1.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<br />
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:WordDocument>
<w:View>Normal</w:View>
<w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom>
<w:TrackMoves/>
<w:TrackFormatting/>
<w:PunctuationKerning/>
<w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/>
<w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>
<w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent>
<w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>
<w:DoNotPromoteQF/>
<w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther>
<w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian>
<w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript>
<w:Compatibility>
<w:BreakWrappedTables/>
<w:SnapToGridInCell/>
<w:WrapTextWithPunct/>
<w:UseAsianBreakRules/>
<w:DontGrowAutofit/>
<w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/>
<w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp/>
<w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables/>
<w:DontVertAlignInTxbx/>
<w:Word11KerningPairs/>
<w:CachedColBalance/>
</w:Compatibility>
<w:BrowserLevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel>
<m:mathPr>
<m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/>
<m:brkBin m:val="before"/>
<m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/>
<m:smallFrac m:val="off"/>
<m:dispDef/>
<m:lMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:rMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/>
<m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/>
<m:intLim m:val="subSup"/>
<m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/>
</m:mathPr></w:WordDocument>
</xml><![endif]--><br />
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:WordDocument>
<w:View>Normal</w:View>
<w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom>
<w:TrackMoves/>
<w:TrackFormatting/>
<w:PunctuationKerning/>
<w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/>
<w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>
<w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent>
<w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>
<w:DoNotPromoteQF/>
<w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther>
<w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian>
<w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript>
<w:Compatibility>
<w:BreakWrappedTables/>
<w:SnapToGridInCell/>
<w:WrapTextWithPunct/>
<w:UseAsianBreakRules/>
<w:DontGrowAutofit/>
<w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/>
<w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp/>
<w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables/>
<w:DontVertAlignInTxbx/>
<w:Word11KerningPairs/>
<w:CachedColBalance/>
</w:Compatibility>
<w:BrowserLevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel>
<m:mathPr>
<m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/>
<m:brkBin m:val="before"/>
<m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/>
<m:smallFrac m:val="off"/>
<m:dispDef/>
<m:lMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:rMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/>
<m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/>
<m:intLim m:val="subSup"/>
<m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/>
</m:mathPr></w:WordDocument>
</xml><![endif]-->The Restored Government sent John S. Carlile and Waitman Willey to Washington as Senators to replace James Mason and Robert Hunter, respectively, who had been expelled from the Senate for their support of the Confederacy.<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjItAkVv_wblJmGPllKLVWjDcNM01I88rcKWbFBzDTkYmWQNG_3BIlK8Pg0_PKHPzkTBuQp4j4rdg8j0DM2XkqmbP7py6vVBjJFj8MnAT99QIaRg1yrAKYe5_CovbFy2BiGJ-zaXQGSQ8-2/s1600/Senators.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="238" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjItAkVv_wblJmGPllKLVWjDcNM01I88rcKWbFBzDTkYmWQNG_3BIlK8Pg0_PKHPzkTBuQp4j4rdg8j0DM2XkqmbP7py6vVBjJFj8MnAT99QIaRg1yrAKYe5_CovbFy2BiGJ-zaXQGSQ8-2/s1600/Senators.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Senators Carlile and Willey</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
The restored government used the seal of the State of Virginia with the words "Liberty and Union" added.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-gZAI_tRihx-PwAxzx_QkdXVhLVotjIv1d1bsGnzbiEiq-QgzwGyfSxyOHw_2oUKQbRLFj6Vuna6wLALHj4yeyjcUxIhV9BDZjuTu4mMQ8kSFNihYApGlHYRMiaY32aexE6X-6q9nBLzq/s1600/Seal-2.tif" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="319" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-gZAI_tRihx-PwAxzx_QkdXVhLVotjIv1d1bsGnzbiEiq-QgzwGyfSxyOHw_2oUKQbRLFj6Vuna6wLALHj4yeyjcUxIhV9BDZjuTu4mMQ8kSFNihYApGlHYRMiaY32aexE6X-6q9nBLzq/s1600/Seal-2.tif" width="320" /> </a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
The Lincoln Administration felt compelled to recognize the Pierpont government as the legal government of Virginia. Lincoln said, referring to the Pierpont government, that ''This government is bound to recognize and protect those loyal citizens, as being Virginia."</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
As the legal government of Virginia, Governor Pierpont's administration supplied troops to the Union and used its authority to approve a proposal that a new state be carved out of western Virginia. Congress voted to accept West Virginia as a state on December 31, 1862, and the new state came into existence on June 20, 1863, with Wheeling as its capital. The new government of West Virginia under Governor Arthur Boreman met in a building at 1413 Eoff Street, built for the Linsley Academy in 1858. The Restored Government of Virginia met there briefly as well. </div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjIfLqXuzCpEwRsrmtY7B3XAVV-HP32Y9z1YVpmTbCEmQz3XmF7ZGVhZQVWcwCLT8QuRcbwVE187moP7CPITnuVqSCMlxgODxYXIovW3sgn3abY16KYWTfGtDIjCLsnApK-rM6CjDl6qZlE/s1600/P2200671-1.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjIfLqXuzCpEwRsrmtY7B3XAVV-HP32Y9z1YVpmTbCEmQz3XmF7ZGVhZQVWcwCLT8QuRcbwVE187moP7CPITnuVqSCMlxgODxYXIovW3sgn3abY16KYWTfGtDIjCLsnApK-rM6CjDl6qZlE/s1600/P2200671-1.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">1413 Eoff Street, Wheeling</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
This building is now the offices of Cassidy, Myers, Cogan & Voegelin, L.C., labor lawyers, as well as a design firm called "Intellectual Capitol."</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFqAhiMLkUs8buJnwk10hfrjh9kKNgQVnJ-bknKXi8-5XLqZhANuoiL9ewoRIpcgxQQVKWjbnui7cAZfI9B7pO1LekgwPsxSC2fjLPY-a8C_ws1i52pKS-iMNu4Og58p7W3JiARAr5m7Vy/s1600/P2200660-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFqAhiMLkUs8buJnwk10hfrjh9kKNgQVnJ-bknKXi8-5XLqZhANuoiL9ewoRIpcgxQQVKWjbnui7cAZfI9B7pO1LekgwPsxSC2fjLPY-a8C_ws1i52pKS-iMNu4Og58p7W3JiARAr5m7Vy/s1600/P2200660-1.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>Alexandria </b></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
Since Wheeling was no longer part of Virginia, the Pierpont government could not continue to meet in Wheeling. In August, the Restored Government of Virginia moved to Alexandria, Virginia, across the river from Washington. The city had been under Union control from the very beginning of the Civil War. The government was headquartered at the Potomac Bank Building at 415 Prince Street in Alexandria.</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwXcDoqlfsj7s0Of6tvbbAeh2fe8yt5afNeBMnpM1Pr70fyek9QBbRKZPBnCd-NfDK9t5sMAWT5Yuc-XOXA0TXrAngVPgxWmjdCYnIEA9zm9suiKpvpAkaSkWffG-fCl7LY2g7NvfzUe8T/s1600/P2240126-1.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwXcDoqlfsj7s0Of6tvbbAeh2fe8yt5afNeBMnpM1Pr70fyek9QBbRKZPBnCd-NfDK9t5sMAWT5Yuc-XOXA0TXrAngVPgxWmjdCYnIEA9zm9suiKpvpAkaSkWffG-fCl7LY2g7NvfzUe8T/s1600/P2240126-1.jpg" width="300" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">415 Prince Street, Alexandria</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwXadrELJ_M1gDy7k9Yv_1SRJuth_AVjSHY-bzayZ2kUbd8C76eO7rOFwmSsOc58KxllD_QD4ZvEuqPZ9NPhMdvJzAvSvONReQJVRPNuIy6AJjg0mmqbExIIp5fvF2oyaM-dmFVc7KxdQ7/s1600/P2230086-1.jpg"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwXadrELJ_M1gDy7k9Yv_1SRJuth_AVjSHY-bzayZ2kUbd8C76eO7rOFwmSsOc58KxllD_QD4ZvEuqPZ9NPhMdvJzAvSvONReQJVRPNuIy6AJjg0mmqbExIIp5fvF2oyaM-dmFVc7KxdQ7/s1600/P2230086-1.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
Here, Union Governor Francis Harrison Pierpont established the “Restored
Government of Virginia” and used the building as the official Governor's
Residence 1863-65. </blockquote>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgawjwRbvzSPIaLXODWcTeCmxVfjUJbjL3FAWCyd46z16B7NoIWeKwangUkrW_9WuWnD43CrCv-ltnvdictshdz3zAm4biV5L-K5ql-WNdAp18U9TxxhJVgMaLZqX7-sdXMvLtYAnl7DbBh/s1600/P2230214-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgawjwRbvzSPIaLXODWcTeCmxVfjUJbjL3FAWCyd46z16B7NoIWeKwangUkrW_9WuWnD43CrCv-ltnvdictshdz3zAm4biV5L-K5ql-WNdAp18U9TxxhJVgMaLZqX7-sdXMvLtYAnl7DbBh/s1600/P2230214-1.jpg" width="300" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
The Pierpont government was in an anomalous position. Its original base of operation and most of its territory had been lost, but the original constitution had not been modified to reflect the loss. The loyal government had jurisdiction over all of Virginia, but its actual authority extended only to those parts of Virginia that were under Union occupation. Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation, which took effect on January 1, 1863, specifically exempted states, cities, and counties under federal control at that time. </div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:WordDocument>
<w:View>Normal</w:View>
<w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom>
<w:TrackMoves/>
<w:TrackFormatting/>
<w:PunctuationKerning/>
<w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/>
<w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>
<w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent>
<w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>
<w:DoNotPromoteQF/>
<w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther>
<w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian>
<w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript>
<w:Compatibility>
<w:BreakWrappedTables/>
<w:SnapToGridInCell/>
<w:WrapTextWithPunct/>
<w:UseAsianBreakRules/>
<w:DontGrowAutofit/>
<w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/>
<w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp/>
<w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables/>
<w:DontVertAlignInTxbx/>
<w:Word11KerningPairs/>
<w:CachedColBalance/>
</w:Compatibility>
<m:mathPr>
<m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/>
<m:brkBin m:val="before"/>
<m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/>
<m:smallFrac m:val="off"/>
<m:dispDef/>
<m:lMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:rMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/>
<m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/>
<m:intLim m:val="subSup"/>
<m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/>
</m:mathPr></w:WordDocument>
</xml><![endif]--></div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"
DefSemiHidden="true" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99"
LatentStyleCount="267">
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" QFormat="true" Name="caption"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="59" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
</w:LatentStyles>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]>
<style>
/* Style Definitions */
table.MsoNormalTable
{mso-style-name:"Table Normal";
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-qformat:yes;
mso-style-parent:"";
mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;
mso-para-margin-top:0in;
mso-para-margin-right:0in;
mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt;
mso-para-margin-left:0in;
line-height:115%;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;}
</style>
<![endif]--><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Now, therefore, I, Abraham Lincoln, President of the United States, by virtue of the power in me vested as Commander-In-Chief of the Army and Navy of the United States in time of actual armed rebellion against the authority and government of the United States, and as a fit and necessary war measure for suppressing said rebellion, do, on this 1st day of January, A.D. 1863, and in accordance with my purpose so to do, publicly proclaimed for the full period of one hundred days from the first day above mentioned, order and designate as the States and parts of States wherein the people thereof, respectively, are this day in rebellion against the United States the following, to wit:</span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Arkansas, Texas, Louisiana (except the parishes of St. Bernard, Palquemines, Jefferson, St. John, St. Charles, St. James, Ascension, Assumption, Terrebone, Lafourche, St. Mary, St. Martin, and Orleans, including the city of New Orleans), Mississippi, Alabama, Florida, Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina, and Virginia (except the forty-eight counties designated as West Virginia, and also the counties of Berkeley, Accomac, Northampton, Elizabeth City, York, Princess Anne, and Norfolk, including the cities of Norfolk and Portsmouth), and which excepted parts are for the present left precisely as if this proclamation were not issued.</span></div>
</blockquote>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
</div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj5RR7aVC-YFwzHvwGWSyB_o9KfI4eU-wQfpKjwncHdWtV-AbQ7XwWoCWhhpJMn2KzTYQ9dEUtjh6k4HThG6iOD4N0MsKfPjtP0eBSF9zhsOwHVFBEe9eHSt0eUur3sSrzY_UzlW6hjyce7/s1600/Detail-1.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="260" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj5RR7aVC-YFwzHvwGWSyB_o9KfI4eU-wQfpKjwncHdWtV-AbQ7XwWoCWhhpJMn2KzTYQ9dEUtjh6k4HThG6iOD4N0MsKfPjtP0eBSF9zhsOwHVFBEe9eHSt0eUur3sSrzY_UzlW6hjyce7/s1600/Detail-1.png" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The blue areas in this map were not affected by the Emancipation Proclamation</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdK4UBMgEB3LY7yWFBbOkTwcyfAG54eZaqLzPjClfXZqixEgR5GFcazupz430AdHyy3LvTQPWE-aR_g5kwkJl7oMHotUDmQaD87HFBiOFbqltVFrov-L2ckLPas_HPeW-Sbxy9bg5HuMlv/s1600/Detail.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="301" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdK4UBMgEB3LY7yWFBbOkTwcyfAG54eZaqLzPjClfXZqixEgR5GFcazupz430AdHyy3LvTQPWE-aR_g5kwkJl7oMHotUDmQaD87HFBiOFbqltVFrov-L2ckLPas_HPeW-Sbxy9bg5HuMlv/s1600/Detail.png" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Detail showing the parts of Virginia exempt from the Emancipation proclamation</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
So, ironically, enslaved people in the parts of Virginia under the control of the loyal government -- "the counties of Berkeley, Accomac, Northampton, Elizabeth City, York, Princess Anne, and Norfolk, including the cities of Norfolk and Portsmouth)" <span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">-- </span>were not legally freed by the proclamation. </div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
Governor Pierpont called a constitutional convention in January of 1864 to remedy these anomalies. Seventeen delegates attended, representing the counties of Accomack, Alexandria (later
Arlington), Charles City, Elizabeth City,
Fairfax, James City, Loudoun, New Kent, Norfolk, Northampton, Princess
Anne, Warwick, and York, and the cities of Alexandria, Norfolk,
Portsmouth, and Williamsburg. On March 10, they voted 15 to 1 with one abstention to end slavery in Virginia. The lone 'no' vote was cast by William Moore of Northampton with John Stone of Princess Anne not voting. On April 7, they adopted the new constitution. This new constitution was recognized throughout Virginia after the defeat of the Confederacy in May 1865. </div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>Richmond</b></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
The Pierpont government subsequently moved to Richmond, and in June 1865, voted to restore the vote to most former Confederate supporters if they took an amnesty oath or were pardoned by the U.S. government. </div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
In 1868, the Pierpont government was replaced by the Military District of Virginia as part of the Reconstruction Act of 1867. The 1864 constitution continued in effect until the Underwood constitution of 1869.</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhT7i4EL67V2WiGkPkKJTiyk48yyWdxNAknSK8ByW25kBqDWQEF3fIX4Rn-WX_7obc7g27BQmV64EXxSodO3ppPYPPTZVnQ4UbHMzRypdcAd4tG4poypNNI22AF9YcLb9IV4U7bCYuVVgtT/s1600/P2200345-2.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="177" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhT7i4EL67V2WiGkPkKJTiyk48yyWdxNAknSK8ByW25kBqDWQEF3fIX4Rn-WX_7obc7g27BQmV64EXxSodO3ppPYPPTZVnQ4UbHMzRypdcAd4tG4poypNNI22AF9YcLb9IV4U7bCYuVVgtT/s1600/P2200345-2.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
</div>
Allen Brownehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02871983840550191787noreply@blogger.com2West Virginia Independence Hall, 1528 Market Street, Wheeling, WV 26003, USA40.0640873 -80.72187989999997640.0637073 -80.722510399999976 40.0644673 -80.721249399999977tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2073838520097258789.post-24731637372070316752014-02-22T17:28:00.001-05:002021-10-24T12:02:39.944-04:00Uncle Tom's Cabin<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
The Riley Farm House in North Bethesda</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhUH7dVXdx7DZa_WTGtAVoo_pacsJ1XXb9fauhF2aZAcfhzxKAWhjCogTc4eUMWQFk-AiTVZoQ4Quddzv6TeVYLrKNkhNw_kjs-nHrkNGFHPcUavROcNKWFqTFkBLl_Vb7cxA0xQhSPpls/s1600/0001v-3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhUH7dVXdx7DZa_WTGtAVoo_pacsJ1XXb9fauhF2aZAcfhzxKAWhjCogTc4eUMWQFk-AiTVZoQ4Quddzv6TeVYLrKNkhNw_kjs-nHrkNGFHPcUavROcNKWFqTFkBLl_Vb7cxA0xQhSPpls/s400/0001v-3.jpg" gda="true" height="297" width="400" /></a></div>
<br />
<a name='more'></a><br />
<br />
<b>Is this really Uncle Tom's Cabin?</b><br />
<br />
Local legend has always held that this log cabin attached to a house on Old Georgetown Road is the real "Uncle Tom's Cabin". <br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg5pfHyc2idaSBGBdugemqI-ilgcLeujAJVhh06gCv8tTa30WgqtjOinOuXlvnssryTB9f_uvUpfBzQYxEgGyVnR6m1L_x2mKM3XrROzRiT7tIJBQcy7I6KKxnQ1RDk_uJK25UQGX5-ahNC/s1600/IMG_5201-1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg5pfHyc2idaSBGBdugemqI-ilgcLeujAJVhh06gCv8tTa30WgqtjOinOuXlvnssryTB9f_uvUpfBzQYxEgGyVnR6m1L_x2mKM3XrROzRiT7tIJBQcy7I6KKxnQ1RDk_uJK25UQGX5-ahNC/s400/IMG_5201-1.jpg" height="328" qaa="true" width="400" /></a></div>
<br />
Of course, it isn't. We hardly need to be reminded that Uncle Tom is a fictional character, his cabin is fictional too. This is the log kitchen attached to the Riley farm house. The Riley house was built between 1800 and 1815. <a href="http://books.google.com/books?cd=1&id=NsdWAAAAMAAJ&dq=Roger+Brooke+Farquhar&q=Uncle+Tom" target="_blank">Roger Brooke Farquhar</a>'s date of 1790 is too early. <br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhzeW5W64amPgRqWxkgHLbCnlby9vzGMnyIatQdOK7qG8AaEHZdN47HNkymVkfy6_X7QFOyHDedzN7C5Mzyg1-EqqAx7QGfEKLsIlYVtKM27OyCSvtXfwbehcDZeudXx0JBGvsbyc0RIyS3/s1600/scan0003-1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhzeW5W64amPgRqWxkgHLbCnlby9vzGMnyIatQdOK7qG8AaEHZdN47HNkymVkfy6_X7QFOyHDedzN7C5Mzyg1-EqqAx7QGfEKLsIlYVtKM27OyCSvtXfwbehcDZeudXx0JBGvsbyc0RIyS3/s400/scan0003-1.jpg" height="261" qaa="true" width="400" /></a></div>
<br />
In the 1930's, Architect of the Whitehouse Lorenzo Wilson remodeled the house to its current colonial revival appearence.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgq2hC1kIYED8h41YbMPpPkQCrwdIG7jLesFPKLGZ5wLsWKTgfXhdjnjl1jHk-ZYoDcbdftBNZYigvPu_QwblMDcnxCUgQM08ylJNX6AcwaaeM5wYqnjYaG9xJNazKWRfXhOBn6jIOkqspI/s1600/IMG_2636-1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgq2hC1kIYED8h41YbMPpPkQCrwdIG7jLesFPKLGZ5wLsWKTgfXhdjnjl1jHk-ZYoDcbdftBNZYigvPu_QwblMDcnxCUgQM08ylJNX6AcwaaeM5wYqnjYaG9xJNazKWRfXhOBn6jIOkqspI/s400/IMG_2636-1.jpg" height="300" qaa="true" width="400" /></a></div>
<br />
Its association with Uncle Tom comes from the fact that Josiah Henson was a slave on Isaac Riley's plantation. Josiah Henson escaped from the Rileys made his way to Canada and established a community of escaped African Americans. Harriot Beecher Stowe cited Henson's autobiography as an inspiration for her famous novel. In later life, Henson made much of being the real Uncle Tom. He was instroduced to the Queen of England as such. Mrs. Stowe put a damper on Henson's claim to be the real Uncle Tom in this letter to the editor of the Indianapolis Times dated <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">July </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 8.5pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">27th, 1882.</span><br />
<br />
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"></span></i><br />
<blockquote>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Dear Sir </span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">:- In reply to your inquiries, I will say that the character of Uncle Tom was not the biography of any one man. The first suggestion of it came to me while </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">in </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">Walnut Hills, Ohio. I wrote letters for my colored cook to her husband, a slave in Kentucky. She told me that he was so faithful,.his master trusted him to come alone and unwatched to Cincinnati to market his </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">farm product Now this, according to the laws of Ohio, gave the man his freedom, since if any master brought or sent his slave into Ohio he became free, <i>de facto. </i>But she said her husband had given his word as a Christian, his master promising him his freedom. Whether he ever got it or not I know not. It </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">was </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">some four or five years later, when the Fugitive Slave Law made me desirous of showing what slavery was, that I conceived the plan of writing the history of a faithful Christian slave. After I had begun the story I got, at the Anti-Slavery Rooms, in Boston, the autobiography of Josiah Henson, and introduced some of its most striking incidents into my story. The good people </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">of </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">England gave my simple </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">good </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">friend, </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Josiah, </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">enthusiastic </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">welcome as the Uncle Tom of the story, though he </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">was </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">alive and well and likely long to live, and the Uncle Tom of the story </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">was </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">buried </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">in </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">a martyr's grave. </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">So </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">much </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">in </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">reply to your inquiries. I trust this plain statement </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">may </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">prevent my answering any more letters on </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">this </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">subject. Truly yours,</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">H. B. STOWE.</span></div>
</blockquote>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhaq9GrG9-ZT1z3VA4YiublmuzIAUIWYV-WSqMPDbtoyUxCepGXwElHlahT24kcvX58A_vuQLv9OleSmdMUAsDqbDOEruRTnMAHN3HCDLssd8cDsG9c4HQEwun2Oec1rGY99tmwc9WDFKc/s1600/Henson2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhaq9GrG9-ZT1z3VA4YiublmuzIAUIWYV-WSqMPDbtoyUxCepGXwElHlahT24kcvX58A_vuQLv9OleSmdMUAsDqbDOEruRTnMAHN3HCDLssd8cDsG9c4HQEwun2Oec1rGY99tmwc9WDFKc/s400/Henson2.jpg" height="400" width="282" yda="true" /></a></div>
<br />
Josiah Henson was born in Charles County Maryland at a plantation called La Grange located on present day Maryland Rt. 6 between La Plata and Port Tobacco. This photo of La Grange is on display a the Port Tobacco Museum.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhOe5gKT1XmUC7BLhB9kNyDqEImyrwBBQYRDYTJjKr26dkPUGDr9-scCI_ATj-Nh8zvpp1ttfeIclozi5eSGhWT8yqgjSPvgYy3w7NGPaaGoaVwnxTK-DjGeYsxHR-WmfyDb0TINF3FyQY/s1600/IMG_1105-2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhOe5gKT1XmUC7BLhB9kNyDqEImyrwBBQYRDYTJjKr26dkPUGDr9-scCI_ATj-Nh8zvpp1ttfeIclozi5eSGhWT8yqgjSPvgYy3w7NGPaaGoaVwnxTK-DjGeYsxHR-WmfyDb0TINF3FyQY/s400/IMG_1105-2.jpg" height="247" width="400" yda="true" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
La Grange was built in 1765 by Dr. James Craik. Dr. Craik served in the Braddock Expedition in the French and Indian War and tended Braddock at his death. He was the surgeon in charge of the middle department of the Continental Army in the Revolution, the Physician General of the Army in the Quasi-War with France. He was George Washington's family doctor and was one of three physicians who attended Washington at his death. </div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiLW7zJ03bA0XwBOjCJEAAD1P7w4rVlDIXqHWfk2T-ZZfJMB-MRjO3zeDmpltr2sNO53VzWEmU77ZBThHnqqyY5GnbdMyhMJls4U1GvKVHFR8U2l-cHqVVy1kA0W2nvSSnvecbMjY_W8KI/s1600/IMG_0999-1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiLW7zJ03bA0XwBOjCJEAAD1P7w4rVlDIXqHWfk2T-ZZfJMB-MRjO3zeDmpltr2sNO53VzWEmU77ZBThHnqqyY5GnbdMyhMJls4U1GvKVHFR8U2l-cHqVVy1kA0W2nvSSnvecbMjY_W8KI/s400/IMG_0999-1.jpg" height="400" width="398" yda="true" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
Surgeon General</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
Revolutionary Army</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
Dr. James Craik, friend</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
and family physician of Gen.</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
Washington, built this place,</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
La Grange, about 1765 and</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
lived here until his removal</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
to Alexandria, VA., 1783.</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
In 1789 Josiah Henson was born at La Grange which then belonged to Francis Newman. Henson's owner Dr. Josiah McPherson had rented Henson's mother to Mr. Newman. </div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
Allen Brownehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02871983840550191787noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2073838520097258789.post-41354334281558841212013-12-20T18:15:00.002-05:002023-03-13T09:54:59.186-04:00Roney's Point<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-009KTireaqFEHL2qdfJGwTsgUtNv7sRM755oQOU7XcIA1dlZYhTuvtG_iD3SEOGZpHErakVLXo9GsF3B2_z5SBhqKg65TB7kibOrmL2LdiaX0Ag-YmMnKieE6dB8t0RT6livBrgY6HWi/s1600/IMG_1908-2.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="295" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-009KTireaqFEHL2qdfJGwTsgUtNv7sRM755oQOU7XcIA1dlZYhTuvtG_iD3SEOGZpHErakVLXo9GsF3B2_z5SBhqKg65TB7kibOrmL2LdiaX0Ag-YmMnKieE6dB8t0RT6livBrgY6HWi/s400/IMG_1908-2.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
The Old Stone Tavern on the National Road<br />
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
This 1963 WVA Historic Commission marker begins in the middle of the story. </div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
</div>
<a name='more'></a><blockquote class="tr_bq">
Here is located the historic "Heimberger House", one of the first and most famous of the numerous stopping places which sprang up to serve the traffic on the National Road. Still Standing, it is now called the "Old Stone House."</blockquote>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivNXj0rMlYjghoOw6iNh3RIQVRJFqR5r88lvB_LdyWRLkqtmUvtrni4rp_lBkm7PQB1piVxtqbROmJy_e2G_C9EVWGAk9NA9v_dqnU3a_s7lLG1wPKvLnOKbSoot_t871F3pog_j9zRSll/s1600/IMG_1910-2.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivNXj0rMlYjghoOw6iNh3RIQVRJFqR5r88lvB_LdyWRLkqtmUvtrni4rp_lBkm7PQB1piVxtqbROmJy_e2G_C9EVWGAk9NA9v_dqnU3a_s7lLG1wPKvLnOKbSoot_t871F3pog_j9zRSll/s400/IMG_1910-2.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<br />
The Old Stone Tavern at Roney's Point in the West Virginia panhandle has been a stop on the way west since the National Road passed through here in 1806. The road was authorized by Congress as part of the 1803 admission of Ohio as a state. Henry Clay successfully lobbied to have the road cross the Ohio River at Wheeling, ten miles west of here. The National Register Form suggests that the tavern was built by
Ebenezer McKinley on land he bought in 1804 for $500 and sold to Ninian
Beall in 1819 for $3,500. Or it may have been built by Beall himself. This is not the <a href="http://blogs.weta.org/boundarystones/2013/07/18/strange-rock-georgetown-colonel-ninian-beall" target="_blank">Ninian Beall</a> who was a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cornet_%28military_rank%29" target="_blank">Cornet</a> in the battle of Dunbar in 1650 and was a founder of Georgetown; it's the <a href="http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=47795325" target="_blank">Ninian Beal</a>l who was born in 1775 and died in Licking County, Ohio, in 1848. <br />
<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBHDZuKhQlo3EijZbHpKss-NVSOIomVwdIqFq597DO1eDsHZhdRiYWAijiQRmfEhYZH2f2fs5vNSHiHXX_jjyS-93Nr7Esh0W3WHQICdaHVYw-w0dQppL10eBkLvEL-XZuGWWOEkrHS6U0/s1600/StoneHouse-BW.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="301" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBHDZuKhQlo3EijZbHpKss-NVSOIomVwdIqFq597DO1eDsHZhdRiYWAijiQRmfEhYZH2f2fs5vNSHiHXX_jjyS-93Nr7Esh0W3WHQICdaHVYw-w0dQppL10eBkLvEL-XZuGWWOEkrHS6U0/s400/StoneHouse-BW.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">From <u>Wheeling's First 250 Years,</u> 1942, <a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/rpstanton/3157702588/in/set-72157605613058935/" target="_blank">Posted to Flickr</a> by Ryan Stanton.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
Searight in his 1894 book, <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/41799/41799-h/41799-h.htm" target="_blank"><u>The Old Pike</u></a>, describes the tavern's role as a stage coach stop in the early part of the 19th century, the "palmy days" of the old National Pike:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<div class="MsoNormal">
Roney's Point is next reached, a stage station ten miles from Wheeling. The original owner of the land was Roney, and its peculiar conformation, a high ridge ending in a point on the south side of the road, gave it the name of Roney's Point. It is
a familiar name, and was a lively place during the palmy days of the road. On
the north side of the road, at Roney's Point,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>a large stone tavern was kept by one Ninian Bell, prior to the year
1828. He was succeeded by James Beck, Mrs. Sarah Beck, Moses Thornburg, and
Jacob Beck, in the order named. James and Jacob Beck were not relatives. The
old Simms line of stages stopped at this house when it was kept by James Beck,
and it was the stopping place of the Good Intent line, when kept by Jacob Beck.</div>
</blockquote>
He gives us this picture of Sarah Beck, tavern keeper.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiCgADS1W3HPF-nODwy_HKsT9TdTSBaUxdvQhFoZbz4Sx0-hF_CTvNzR2GHNHt7FJScucydKWXQ1ROvHdZ-W5R6G8l9MLWse-zJ9nB4ezDjQ6s1hbbtm4_j5SZewnuFtX88yx8KpSP5CwHK/s1600/MrsSarahBeck-2.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiCgADS1W3HPF-nODwy_HKsT9TdTSBaUxdvQhFoZbz4Sx0-hF_CTvNzR2GHNHt7FJScucydKWXQ1ROvHdZ-W5R6G8l9MLWse-zJ9nB4ezDjQ6s1hbbtm4_j5SZewnuFtX88yx8KpSP5CwHK/s400/MrsSarahBeck-2.jpg" width="303" /></a></div>
<br />
Cast iron semi-obelisk mile markers were forged by John Snowden's Brownsville Pennsylvania foundry and placed along the National Road from Brownsville to Wheeling in 1830. This one is in nearby Valley Camp.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhbNvZc3DqqjzBaO4ScCpnh4w7dkI5EdtNw6nDJP6GQULhqEtQaGPna0lrDQHhBBZgtE2-Yo0AVbt35V8HCvfG0r9UIR1o_LHmSLIMce466Tdei7zmHHg1kX9BR22fNn7nS7HkEeSOjEEPP/s1600/IMG_1904-1.jpg"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhbNvZc3DqqjzBaO4ScCpnh4w7dkI5EdtNw6nDJP6GQULhqEtQaGPna0lrDQHhBBZgtE2-Yo0AVbt35V8HCvfG0r9UIR1o_LHmSLIMce466Tdei7zmHHg1kX9BR22fNn7nS7HkEeSOjEEPP/s320/IMG_1904-1.jpg" width="240" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;">122 to Cumberland. to W. Alexander 8 1/2</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-size: small;">9 to Wheeling, to Triadelphia 1 1/2</span></span></div>
<br />
The <a href="http://www.wvculture.org/shpo/nr/pdf/cover/64500729.pdf" target="_blank">1991 National Register form </a>for The National Road in WVA
reflects on the decline of the National Road after 1853. "After the
Baltimore and Ohio Railroad line was completed to Wheeling in 1853, the
trip to Baltimore took only 18 hours...Traffic on the National Road
became almost nonexistent."<br />
<br />
<a href="http://www.lindapages.com/wags-ohio/bioheimberger.txt" target="_blank">August Heimberger</a>
rented the "Old Stone Hotel" at Roney's Point in 1869 and kept the
hotel for 22 years. His wife took over on his death in 1889 and
continued the business until 1892. Italianate decoration was added to
the old federal style building in the 1870's. Newton, Nichols and Sprankles <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=cuA4AQAAMAAJ&lpg=PA293&ots=Uw1ZJNzoI3&dq=Heimberger%20Roney&pg=PA293#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank"><u>History of The Panhandle</u></a> described Roney's Point this way in 1879:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
Coming to Roney's Point also now on the Hempfield railroad we find quite an ancient village. There is here a very good hotel named the Heimberger House originally erected in 1820 on the right of Roney's old tannery an early settler after whom the place was named. This village stands on little Wheeling creek and is much better supplied than Triadelphia with water as that place has no stream running immediately through it...There are only a few houses scattered around but no church in the village. There is one store and a blacksmith and wagon shop with post office.</blockquote>
The old stone house survived as a tavern into the 20th century and witnessed the revival of road travel in the Automobile Era. Robert Bruce touring manager of the American Automobile Association included this J. K. Laycock photo of the old tavern in his 1916 book, <a href="https://archive.org/stream/nationalroadmost00brucrich#page/80/mode/1up" target="_blank"><u>The National Road</u></a>.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhpeYoe7B44HGg3bLhscWFsk8WpZqV3gAayPyN3GOqg29K6J3U-pLAF6NJda2LZPfrneg5OTHnN1y3Wm3S67z7o9ibNMH5Xf8m-9b70gplJsUECtnyPbryRY1GyxpnzEBCwcrdaPfDRmNOj/s1600/Roney's+Point+Hotel.jpg"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhpeYoe7B44HGg3bLhscWFsk8WpZqV3gAayPyN3GOqg29K6J3U-pLAF6NJda2LZPfrneg5OTHnN1y3Wm3S67z7o9ibNMH5Xf8m-9b70gplJsUECtnyPbryRY1GyxpnzEBCwcrdaPfDRmNOj/s400/Roney's+Point+Hotel.jpg" width="315" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
Old Stone Hotel at Roney's Point, W. Va.,</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
Built 1820, and still doing a local business</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
Notice the beer sign on the near corner of the building.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgUsz4WjRpNS1LsZbpwDHck3kVhPZFZk78Qd42Uyn8tpM44XcfdXbF8rMF7b1o8JRiW5d3acBlW4J7mgFJors_ZGvliJ55UmLuyyEcu5Lo6K7oauvI0bH2BtbyK4YHPKkuSnpHAEtZuselp/s1600/Beer.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgUsz4WjRpNS1LsZbpwDHck3kVhPZFZk78Qd42Uyn8tpM44XcfdXbF8rMF7b1o8JRiW5d3acBlW4J7mgFJors_ZGvliJ55UmLuyyEcu5Lo6K7oauvI0bH2BtbyK4YHPKkuSnpHAEtZuselp/s400/Beer.jpg" width="292" /></a></div>
<br />
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=vVgfAQAAMAAJ&dq=%22Roney%27s%20Point%22&pg=RA19-PA29#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank"><i>Motor Age</i> </a>magazine noted in 1918 that before West Virginia passed state-wide prohibition, this tavern provided a drinking place in the vicinity of dry southern Pennsylvania counties.<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
WEST VIRGINIA has been "dry" since July, 1915, prior to which time the motorist or other traveler, say from the direction of Pittsburgh, having passed through a ''local option'' district of southwestern Pennsylvania, such as the vicinity of West Alexander has been for years, could quench his thirst at a certain hotel just across the West Virginia line. Naturally the place came to be quite widely known the "Golden Gate," though its former brand of hospitality is now a thing of the past.</blockquote>
</blockquote>
They published a nearly identical Laycock photo <i>sans</i> beer sign and contrasted it with the one that appeared in Bruce's book.<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
A photograph of the old stone tavern at Roney's Point, on the way from
the site of the "Golden Gate" to Wheeling, taken about three years ago
to illustrate an historic narrative showed, even more plainly than was
desired, a sign indicating the presence of liquid refreshments. But
things have now changed, and the sign has disappeared, along with
thousands of others throughout the State.</blockquote>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitlB0ru7pU1pE-8NXt0kDS7rxrJz99qDCwJLpvThTy3z5Pljz3c6vFZvGKKhLFKZYULZFH9zrtPbYOloU2iyd2HQWvDEvT8qWqtm3a29gnFvleAxY4eVFipdRuMeYdapAFHv9Wo2R-zupJ/s1600/StoneTavern-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitlB0ru7pU1pE-8NXt0kDS7rxrJz99qDCwJLpvThTy3z5Pljz3c6vFZvGKKhLFKZYULZFH9zrtPbYOloU2iyd2HQWvDEvT8qWqtm3a29gnFvleAxY4eVFipdRuMeYdapAFHv9Wo2R-zupJ/s400/StoneTavern-1.jpg" width="243" /></a></div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
Old Stone hotel at Roney's Point on the National Road is the "Panhandle" of West Virginia. Some of the former beer signs remain, but they are meaningless.</blockquote>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
In 1912, the DAR began a project to mark and improve a string of historic trails such
as the Santa Fe Trail and the Old National Road as a "Coast-to-Coast"
highway to be called the "National Old Trails Road" running 3,000 miles
from Washington, DC, to Los Angeles, California. Plaques like this one, placed in 1921 on
the Old Stone Tavern and the Madonnas of the Trail, are reminders of this
early automobile era route.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjA-WrkFQo3hiESi32ttc4KbRPSKFJDpaBQL9x58WFE4t4q-kD1cYNwy5SydzzcnNiYtbqj52F_xsjPFEEvwDOsM3CGXuRtIPJIMkKg_rFEZbzu_DFPZrPQZDG-MmIzvzEEFWh8yTmzRQhN/s1600/IMG_1915-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="287" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjA-WrkFQo3hiESi32ttc4KbRPSKFJDpaBQL9x58WFE4t4q-kD1cYNwy5SydzzcnNiYtbqj52F_xsjPFEEvwDOsM3CGXuRtIPJIMkKg_rFEZbzu_DFPZrPQZDG-MmIzvzEEFWh8yTmzRQhN/s400/IMG_1915-1.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b> Old Trails Road</b></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
This marker placed by </div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
Wheeling Chapter</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
Daughters of the </div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
American Revolution, 1921<br />
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0Z40hdql0A9CK1irOZ3Y-K2IB9qB6UX-HmYu4X0zeyHJESbb0bUSQSapZe4ny6Tn2Hr0SWkK_83xjYuxVnKElG8pBE8rN-_oS6KI_tYk-6xUSJZWAXCdFpgTGQj_4LzZQlxvHnLDNVb1z/s1600/IMG_1912-2.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0Z40hdql0A9CK1irOZ3Y-K2IB9qB6UX-HmYu4X0zeyHJESbb0bUSQSapZe4ny6Tn2Hr0SWkK_83xjYuxVnKElG8pBE8rN-_oS6KI_tYk-6xUSJZWAXCdFpgTGQj_4LzZQlxvHnLDNVb1z/s400/IMG_1912-2.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The "Old Trails Road" plaque sits nearly where the "Beer" sign once was.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
In 1922, Frank Ehrhart built the Stone House Auto Court next to the old tavern, and in 1926 the Old National Road became part of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Route_40_in_West_Virginia" target="_blank">U.S. Route 40</a>. </div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiBrVwqgI82QLQG0BefinMXcAcCIt2R9dyYod5lQ1z0daFzFXgrJofYk0pEepLpJW2JtuMjl2T7lx_3oCAK0X9Npk-xCYCVRMo9tTHEdHzY5tyq_YSc67PW7Bc3m1WSir4E2eMeKMVa0nGz/s1600/IMG_1916-1.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiBrVwqgI82QLQG0BefinMXcAcCIt2R9dyYod5lQ1z0daFzFXgrJofYk0pEepLpJW2JtuMjl2T7lx_3oCAK0X9Npk-xCYCVRMo9tTHEdHzY5tyq_YSc67PW7Bc3m1WSir4E2eMeKMVa0nGz/s400/IMG_1916-1.jpg" width="361" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Stone House Motel</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div style="text-align: left;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br />
The original owner of this postcard stayed in the motel on the 26th of August 1930 and marked an X over the room in which he or she stayed. It shows both the Old Stone House Tavern and the Stone House Motel.</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfct5p9EHuLsdXIo15xgRzSoB_GOR6Qzu9bT4smx8fsbaW8gnHngMKJpSLDQi7cO7AT_F_-DwfEv0TIbi993UyaWjGl26sigoSMjO32pv3DIjOX6wWoYWHVTrXbHHsL1RkKIrJu_zR61Gp/s1600/Tavern+&+Tour+Rests-2.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="241" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfct5p9EHuLsdXIo15xgRzSoB_GOR6Qzu9bT4smx8fsbaW8gnHngMKJpSLDQi7cO7AT_F_-DwfEv0TIbi993UyaWjGl26sigoSMjO32pv3DIjOX6wWoYWHVTrXbHHsL1RkKIrJu_zR61Gp/s400/Tavern+&+Tour+Rests-2.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
The "Old Stone House Tavern" was still serving food to travelers.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjw_3ydjok8AAU2WiSsquQmmEhl7pH4-76LH0U73rtYsZ2F9ctcUQK-yDWuLGxGvx6F4QJg7yfuvaOJRYKGCBaNy4dKVTkXpXT1CvSBhdafhKEyWz1JoiyJSavVnrJm5NoorOMHcX6Nm9nt/s1600/OldStoneTavern.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjw_3ydjok8AAU2WiSsquQmmEhl7pH4-76LH0U73rtYsZ2F9ctcUQK-yDWuLGxGvx6F4QJg7yfuvaOJRYKGCBaNy4dKVTkXpXT1CvSBhdafhKEyWz1JoiyJSavVnrJm5NoorOMHcX6Nm9nt/s400/OldStoneTavern.jpg" width="323" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b>The Old Stone House Tavern</b></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
Famous since 1819</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
Equipped to Handle Special Parites of all Kinds.</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
Appointments Phone Elm Grove 9263-J.</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
Specialty: Chicken, Waffle, Steak, and Lobster Dinners.</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
The 20-room motel provided a private room with a private garage and steam showers for automobile age travelers. The motel consisted of two block and stucco buildings facing each other across a courtyard. Each room had a garage underneath.The billboards on the building ends promise "Dancing Every Night/Good Food."</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAH_6CM3t1r423dxaZi2ynvu1kNHand-wL-9iRC22wUTNicVIbYzTTqeObvBvpcg6rm_Zxbfx5PkKep9bO5ilPedRtmaY0Uvkn4b2T_Kqw7DYlj58i7HrJJlg0Qv4JyqJHGbatuuc-eLh7/s1600/StoneHouseMotel.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAH_6CM3t1r423dxaZi2ynvu1kNHand-wL-9iRC22wUTNicVIbYzTTqeObvBvpcg6rm_Zxbfx5PkKep9bO5ilPedRtmaY0Uvkn4b2T_Kqw7DYlj58i7HrJJlg0Qv4JyqJHGbatuuc-eLh7/s400/StoneHouseMotel.jpg" width="336" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
For a real nights rest and good food stop at the</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b>Stone House (Tour-Rests)</b></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
Roney's Point West Va. ten miles east of Wheeling on</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
The National Highway.</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<i>Each room with a private bath, and private Garage.</i></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<i>Fireproof, none equal, rates reasonable, open all year. </i></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
The revival of automobile travel through Roney's Point ended when <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interstate_70_in_West_Virginia" target="_blank">Interstate 70</a> bypassed Roney's Point in the 1960's. The motel's eastern building suffered a fire in the 1970's and was torn down in 1983. The western building remained unused when I visited in 2005.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjnd1VLm9CgkTZwjeJzTpmqVkwBdrQNWKix18sr_8wvPAOu3dmvNlg-mppOXCVDPjO_1uvncmU-6lKnUllDc7IEhIXwuXk8XXm43tfYSC_p1zvuGDW2JDANqrsSg2u_QRCtvRbB90U-c99z/s1600/IMG_1918-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjnd1VLm9CgkTZwjeJzTpmqVkwBdrQNWKix18sr_8wvPAOu3dmvNlg-mppOXCVDPjO_1uvncmU-6lKnUllDc7IEhIXwuXk8XXm43tfYSC_p1zvuGDW2JDANqrsSg2u_QRCtvRbB90U-c99z/s400/IMG_1918-1.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<br />
The Old Stone Tavern housed Marquart General Contractors in 2005.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiqPh-vHvu_-N00km9e9PJb8HlI8S0cFEmBGWKRMccOUYw56Sm_OI_0g_YYO9aTaAn3Wx6swYlWVwbAGZV3Yp384YngnTASpX1dX0TPPG0hA0Y4PclUJ4dLjGdtn1v1TS7vMZeJw24ARG86/s1600/IMG_1917-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiqPh-vHvu_-N00km9e9PJb8HlI8S0cFEmBGWKRMccOUYw56Sm_OI_0g_YYO9aTaAn3Wx6swYlWVwbAGZV3Yp384YngnTASpX1dX0TPPG0hA0Y4PclUJ4dLjGdtn1v1TS7vMZeJw24ARG86/s400/IMG_1917-1.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<br />
A grey cat peered out of a window surrounded by Italianate architectural detail above the fan window over the front door.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJTUfOEXGSrqiFdxw6B1WAXVSAlKALTmm2nOiQ_M46t9vth53BlkBo_B5c0X1GgUAXg-Muw4x2nhL2CSbAtymJHNnzqaaSoWefw3hsjivi4qpNg3MQs8gBGQI9uM7Nklzdgv9RMmeKL5QU/s1600/IMG_1909-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJTUfOEXGSrqiFdxw6B1WAXVSAlKALTmm2nOiQ_M46t9vth53BlkBo_B5c0X1GgUAXg-Muw4x2nhL2CSbAtymJHNnzqaaSoWefw3hsjivi4qpNg3MQs8gBGQI9uM7Nklzdgv9RMmeKL5QU/s400/IMG_1909-1.jpg" width="292" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
Marquart Inc.</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
General Contractors</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
304 547 / 0099 </div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
Rt. 40 Roney's Point</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
Triadelphia, WV<br />
<br /></div>
<br />
Today, the old building contains <a href="http://www.caninedesignandcare.com/drivingdirections.html" target="_blank">Canine Design and Care</a>.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEidOrOL282BLoAqz9w4A03-mQ0xOnvW3TSH9XkRTAwnJyuhXsKaPnVRNhXKrvluFlDdqUsB-rG3n-z7byn2fByh8oOU6lQOq6Y1NN__Xgu3XnSYDfrFeSIhEuvfSP0Hgt4Z__JkUjj9uXRa/s1600/180397_162507983797918_5371097_n.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="217" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEidOrOL282BLoAqz9w4A03-mQ0xOnvW3TSH9XkRTAwnJyuhXsKaPnVRNhXKrvluFlDdqUsB-rG3n-z7byn2fByh8oOU6lQOq6Y1NN__Xgu3XnSYDfrFeSIhEuvfSP0Hgt4Z__JkUjj9uXRa/s1600/180397_162507983797918_5371097_n.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjpteB6fLENEWAYne55Pfklbv6lJTvkODwh-y9llUtd8zWsV17MUYayGCAH9mlduUi7ocUwzImR0SsKXtrKP3URnbeKLILvz-xlxTZB9fIdigtWjZMSIoluT5ILmuNl_g8R5o8zt0E1dHL8/s1600/P2180674-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjpteB6fLENEWAYne55Pfklbv6lJTvkODwh-y9llUtd8zWsV17MUYayGCAH9mlduUi7ocUwzImR0SsKXtrKP3URnbeKLILvz-xlxTZB9fIdigtWjZMSIoluT5ILmuNl_g8R5o8zt0E1dHL8/s1600/P2180674-1.jpg" width="300" /> </a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
The low west wing is occupied by <a href="https://www.facebook.com/pages/Gutman-Advertising-LLC/170156216331522" target="_blank">Guttman Advertising</a>:</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgil3C7iSFsSkgx_mduo92jgxgiWcyzCHb2joENuGSIZn7tf_zYLI9GB59TH8p6W772cgQOPG90HneaSn-t0Rf9fGSlTSRWw1QXus_eCXW7Q_SwDNJOimc_NEFFXZYqhmljohxmeWs1JzfS/s1600/P2180711-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgil3C7iSFsSkgx_mduo92jgxgiWcyzCHb2joENuGSIZn7tf_zYLI9GB59TH8p6W772cgQOPG90HneaSn-t0Rf9fGSlTSRWw1QXus_eCXW7Q_SwDNJOimc_NEFFXZYqhmljohxmeWs1JzfS/s1600/P2180711-1.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
And the remnants of the Stone House Motel are gone, torn down in the summer of 2013 according to a passing local informant.</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYg1eZg7QfU1fYjZhEcbTY8tdr6u2p4nSzQiBOTOx-0btoUXu1Jf36CGWX26aqz7-v2tB2lrBWzZdwFFSNUBcLfaAIzYns1DcH-7nh72ttDyPyF8g3C2dFYoPfPHuPeiBDpgGgGMVRGjTc/s1600/P2180654-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYg1eZg7QfU1fYjZhEcbTY8tdr6u2p4nSzQiBOTOx-0btoUXu1Jf36CGWX26aqz7-v2tB2lrBWzZdwFFSNUBcLfaAIzYns1DcH-7nh72ttDyPyF8g3C2dFYoPfPHuPeiBDpgGgGMVRGjTc/s1600/P2180654-1.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
In January of 2014, Google Street View (from June 2012) still showed the abandoned Old Stone House Motel:</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiLQVHrRpmwsT9jHYb-O2m4q-7vhX-uU6o8oq5QG60h7Bpg_NFuHsq-aTA6BrQPoKzpTLgEdm_4bf358jFH42xVNraA7NXUKF7c2H9MtMQv7U5suzeYtpRJnjXMhoGmCDs2Gclj39ZiHD5m/s1600/Capture-5.PNG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="321" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiLQVHrRpmwsT9jHYb-O2m4q-7vhX-uU6o8oq5QG60h7Bpg_NFuHsq-aTA6BrQPoKzpTLgEdm_4bf358jFH42xVNraA7NXUKF7c2H9MtMQv7U5suzeYtpRJnjXMhoGmCDs2Gclj39ZiHD5m/s1600/Capture-5.PNG" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Scraped from Street View, January 01, 2014.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
Allen Brownehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02871983840550191787noreply@blogger.com46743 National Road, Triadelphia, WV 26059, USA40.073759 -80.59893199999999114.551724500000002 -121.90752599999999 65.5957935 -39.290337999999991